scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION UNTUK DETEKSI TINGGI MUKA AIR (TMA) PADA APLIKASI PERINGATAN DINI BANJIR BANDANG BERBASIS PENGOLAHAN CITRA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rio Priantama
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Background Subtraction ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Control Board ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Ip Camera ◽  
High Level

AbstrakBanjir merupakan fenomena yang hampir selalu terjadi setiap tahun di berbagai daerah di seluruh Indonesia dengan bermacam variasi siklus. Pada musim hujan, tingginya curah hujan yang dan daerah aliran sungai yang menyempit dan terjadi pendangkalan, tidak lagi mampu menampung aliran air sehingga terjadi banjir bandang. Mekanisme peringatan banjir berjalan dengan kearifan lokal secara tradisional yang sangat bergantung pada ketersediaan dan kemampuan cepat tanggap dari personal yang ditugaskan mengawasi sungai. Oleh karena itu inovasi pengembangan dari sistem yang ada diharapkan mampu memberikan informasi dan data secara berkala dan menjadi peringatan lebih awal terhadap banjir bandang guna meminimalisir dampak.Pengolahan citra dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar inovasi dari mekanisme peringatan banjir yang ada. Metode Background Substraction dilakukan untuk mendeteksi secara otomatis Tinggi Muka Air (TMA) pada papan kontrol (Peil) melalui IP Camera yang menjadi parameter input bagi sistem dan diolah menjadi informasi bagi pihak berkepentingan. Deteksi level ketinggian air / TMA �berdasarkan penunjukan warna merah pada papan kontrol (Peil) dengan background subtraction, dilakukan pada skala nyata, yang dikembagkan dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap proses pendeteksian level ketinggian air yang meliputi jarak jangkauan IP kamera dan sudut dan juga posisi ketinggian IP kamera dengan intensitas cahaya.Hasil analisis deteksi Tinggi Muka Air (TMA) pada papan peil berupa jarak� jangkauan dan sudut� IP kamera dalam mendeteksi dan melacak level TMA yaitu optimal pada jarak 200 - 600 cm dengan sudut 30, 45, dan 60 derajat, �skala TMA Peil dapat terdeteksi dan dapat dianalisis. Pada parameter �posisi ketinggian IP kamera dengan intensitas cahaya, hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa ketinggian posisi IP Kamera dari 1150 � 1250 cm dengn intensitas cahaya antara 786 � 1980 lux,optimal dalam menangkap area Skala TMA Peil agar terdeteksi�Kata Kunci: Banjir Bandang, Pengolahan Citra, Backgroun Subtraction, Level Tinggi Muka Air (TMA).�AbstractFlooding is a phenomenon that almost always occurs every year in various regions throughout Indonesia with a variety of cycle variations. In the rainy season, high rainfall and narrowed watersheds and silting up are no longer able to accommodate the flow of water, causing flash floods. The flood warning mechanism operates with traditional local wisdom that is highly dependent on the availability and responsiveness of the personnel assigned to oversee the river. Therefore the innovation development of the existing system is expected to be able to provide information and data on a regular basis and be an early warning to flash floods to minimize impacts.Image processing can be used as a basis for innovation from existing flood warning mechanisms. The Background Substraction method is carried out to automatically detect High Levels of Water (TMA) on the control board (Peil) via an IP Camera which is an input parameter for the system and is processed into information for interested parties. Detection of water level / TMA based on the designation of red on the control board (Peil) with background subtraction, carried out on a real scale, developed from previous studies. Tests carried out on the process of detecting the level of water level which includes the distance range of the camera's IP and angle and also the position of the IP camera's height with light intensity.The results of analysis of detection of water level (TMA) on the peil board in the form of the range and angle of the IP camera in detecting and tracking the level of the TMA is optimal at a distance of 200-600 cm with angles of 30, 45, and 60 degrees, the TMA Peil scale can be detected and can be analyzed. In the parameters of the IP camera's height position with light intensity, the results of the analysis show that the IP camera's height position from 1150-1250 cm with light intensity between 786 - 1980 lux, optimal in capturing the Peil TMA Scale area to be detected.Keywords: Flash Floods, Image Processing, Background Subtraction, High Level Water Face (TMA)

Design and Simulation of Smart Control System for Internet Traffic Distribution on Servers by Using Fuzzy Logic System

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raid Daoud ◽  
Yaareb Al-Khashab
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Control System ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Traffic Distribution ◽  
Smart Control ◽  
High Level

The internet service is provided by a given number of servers located in the main node of internet service provider (ISP). In some cases; the overload problem was occurred because a demand on a given website goes to very high level. In this paper, a fuzzy logic control (FLC) has proposed to distribute the load into the internet servers by a smart and flexible manner. Three effected parameters are tacked into account as input for FLC: link capacity which has three linguistic variables with Gaussian membership function (MF): (small, medium and big), traffic density with linguistic variables (low, normal and high) and channel latency with linguistic variables (empty, half and full); with one output which is the share server status (single, simple and share). The proposed work has been simulated by using MATLAB 2016a, by building a structure in the Fuzzy toolbox. The results were fixed by two manners: the graphical curves and the numerical tables, the surface response was smoothly changed and translates the well-fixed control system. The numerical results of the control system satisfy the idea of the smart rout for the incoming traffics from the users to internet servers. So, the response of the proposed system for the share of server ratio is 0.122, when the input parameter in the smallest levels; and the ratio is 0.879 when the input parameters are in highest level. The smart work and flexible use for the FLC is the main success solution for most of today systems control.

Street Level Flood Monitoring and Warning System, a conceptual model using IoT: A Case of Surat City

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Anant Patel ◽  
Sanjay Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Flood Monitoring

Most of the natural disasters are unpredictable, but the most frequent occurring catastrophic event over the globe is flood. Developing countries are severely affected by the floods because of the high frequencies of floods. The developing countries do not have good forecasting system compared to the developed country. The metro cities are also settled near the coast or river bank which are the most vulnerable places to floods. This study proposes plan for street level flood monitoring and warning system for the Surat city, India. Waterlogging happens in the low lying area of the Surat city due to heavy storm and heavy releases from the Ukai dam. The high releases from upstream Ukai dam and heavy rainfall resulted into flooding in the low lying area of the Surat city. This research proposed a wireless water level sensor network system for the street water level flood monitoring. The system is proposed to monitor the water levels of different areas of city through the wireless water level sensors as well as to capture live photos using CCTV camera. This will help authority not only to issue flood warning but also to plan flood mitigation measures and evacuation of people.

Interactions of Light, Temperature and Moisture on Terbutryn Toxicity

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Houseworth ◽  
B. G. Tweedy
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level

Toxicity of soil-applied 2-(tert-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (terbutryn) to cucumbers (Cucumis sativusL. ‘Gemni’) and oats (Avena sativusL. ‘Nodaway’) was increased 2.2 times when the light intensity was raised from 11,000 to 22,000 lumens/m2and 1.5 times when the moisture level was raised from low (25 to 50% field capacity) to high (75 to 100% field capacity). When the temperature was raised from the low level (19 C day, 14 C night) to the high level (29 C day, 24 C night) toxicity of terbutryn to oats was increased 1.6 times and toxicity to cucumber was increased 1.3 times. Analysis of interactions of the three variables on toxicity of terbutryn showed that environmental conditions favoring rapid growth resulted in an increase in phytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Changes in stage–flow relation of the East River, the Pearl River basin: causes and implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Vijay P. Singh ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
Jianfeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Pearl River Basin ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
East River ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
High Level

Water level and streamflow extracted from 891 hydrological episodes from both dry and flood seasons covering a period of 1954–2009 were analyzed to investigate stage–flow relations. Results indicate the following. (1) Since the early 1990s the low/high flow is increasing/decreasing. The water level, particularly the high level, is consistently decreasing. An abrupt decrease of water level is observed since the early 1990s at the lower East River. (2) Stage–streamflow relation is usually stable in the river reach with no significant bedform morphological changes. Changes in the geometric shape of the river channel are the major cause of the change in the stage–streamflow relation. (3) An abrupt decrease of water level at the Boluo station is mainly the result of abnormally rapid downcutting of the riverbed due to extensive sand dredging within the channel which caused serious headwater erosion. This human-induced modification by downcutting of the river channel may lead to significant hydrological alterations and may have critical implications for flood control, conservation of eco-environment, and also for basin-wide water resources management in the lower East River basin.

scholarly journals Monitoring Temporal Change of River Islands in the Yangtze River by Remotely Sensed Data

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyan Sun ◽  
Lei Ding ◽  
Jiaze Li ◽  
Haiming Qian ◽  
Mengting Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
River Islands ◽  
The Impact

The spatial extent and area of river islands are always changing due to the impact of hydrodynamic conditions, sediment supply and human activities. A catastrophic flood disaster was driven by sustained and heavy rainfall around the middle and lower Yangtze River in 18 June to 21 July 2016. The flood resulted in the most serious social-economic loss since 1954 and caused a larger-scale inundation for a short time. It is essential to continuously monitor the dynamics changes of river islands because this can avoid frequent field measurements in river islands before and after flood disasters, which are helpful for flood warning. This paper focuses on the temporal change of three river islands called Fenghuangzhou, Changshazhou, and one uninhabited island in the Yangtze River in 2016. In this study, GF-1 (GaoFen-1) WFV (wide field view) data was used for our study owing to its fine spatial and temporal resolution. A simple NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) method was used for the river island mapping. Human checking was then performed to ensure mapping accuracy. We estimated the relationship between the area of river islands and measured water levels using four models. Furthermore, we mapped the spatial pattern of inundation risk of river islands. The results indicate a good ability of the GF-1 WFV data with a 16-m spatial resolution to characterize the variation of river islands and to study the association between flood disaster and river islands. A significantly negative but nonlinear relationship between the water level and the area of the river island was observed. We also found that the cubic function fits best among three models (R2 > 0.8, P < 0.001). The maximum of the inundated area at the river island appeared in the rainy season on 8 July 2016 and the minimum occurred in the dry season on 28 December 2016, which is consistent with the water level measured by the hydrological station. Our results derived from GF-1 data can provide a useful reference for decision-making of flood warning, disaster assessment, and post-disaster reconstruction.

scholarly journals Integrated biomarker responses of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis via hydrological processes from Lake Poyang, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 180729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Ji ◽  
Zhidong Yao ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Xueru Wang ◽  
Jixiang Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Wetland Plant ◽  
Lake Poyang

Vallisneria spiralis , a widely distributed wetland plant, was used to reveal how the light intensity at the top of the plant, plant morphology and antioxidant enzyme activity respond to different hydrologic conditions from Lake Poyang, China. By designing a laboratory experiment simulating historical water levels of low, normal and high wetland plant submersion, this study aimed to elucidate the effects of different levels of flooding on growth and antioxidant enzyme activity for V. spiralis . The results showed that the plant crown light intensity of the treated group and control group (CG) first decreased and then increased along with the seasonal variation of the water level. The maximum and minimum values of the plant crown light intensity were observed in April and July, respectively. Similar to the CG, V. spiralis from the normal and low water level (LWL) groups was measured and had higher plant height growth in the flooding period from May to June, and the entire plant biomass also showed a steady growth trend in the same period. However, the plant growth of the high water level (HWL) group was lower during the whole simulation period, with negative growth in July. Antioxidant enzyme activities changed with the seasonal temperature, and the activity of the CG showed a rising trend. Compared with those of the CG, the antioxidant enzyme activities of the HWL group showed a ‘bell shaped’ trend, which was first significantly induced and then significantly inhibited. In addition, the peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities from the LWL group in April were also significantly induced. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index showed that a comprehensive biological index could well reflect the effects of seasonal water levels in Poyang Lake on the growth of the wetland plant V. spiralis . This study indicated that high flooding levels had the strongest negative effect on the growth and enzyme activity of the submerged plant V. spiralis .

Challenges to peatland restoration in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyoman Suryadiputra
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Landscape Restoration ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Peatland Hydrology ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
Drainage Canals ◽  
High Level ◽  
Peatland Degradation

&lt;p&gt;Challenges to peatland restoration in Indonesia&lt;br&gt;By&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;Nyoman Suryadiputra*)&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;Tropical peat swamps in Indonesia are currently experiencing degradation at a very alarming rate. Degradation starts from the time of land clearing (generally burned / uses fire) for both private and community-owned plantations, then a very massive network of drainage canals is built (every 1 Ha of peat land cleared, about 120 m - 700 m long canals are needed). These drainage canals aim to reduce the surface water level of peat so that the land can be planted (especially for) oil palm or acacia. However, peat water release can go out of control, beyond the peatland water level threshold determined by government regulation No 71/2014 on Peatland Management, as a result peat becomes dry, flammable and emits large amount of GHGs. In the long run, if drainage and fires continue, peatlands will experience subsidence, form basins, peat even disappear, flooded during rain and eventually the land becomes unproductive (stranded) and difficult to restore. Such conditions will be more severe and difficult to overcome if in the landscape (peatland hydrology unit) there are various activities by various parties, each of whom has different interests and understandings of peatland use. Regarding the above, restoration of peatland that has been damaged has a very serious challenge. Damage that is getting heavier will have a high level of difficulty and a long recovery time. In addition, the success rate of restoration is determined by benchmarks or recovery criteria that have not been scientifically determined and adopted by the Indonesian government.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords : peatland, degradation, landscape, restoration &amp;#160; &amp;#160;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;*) &amp;#160;Director of Wetlands International Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;

An Overview of R in Health Decision Sciences

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawre Jalal ◽  
Petros Pechlivanoglou ◽  
Eline Krijkamp ◽  
Fernando Alarid-Escudero ◽  
Eva Enns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Decision Science ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Statistical Programming ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Extensive Collection ◽  
Science Methodology ◽  
High Level

As the complexity of health decision science applications increases, high-level programming languages are increasingly adopted for statistical analyses and numerical computations. These programming languages facilitate sophisticated modeling, model documentation, and analysis reproducibility. Among the high-level programming languages, the statistical programming framework R is gaining increased recognition. R is freely available, cross-platform compatible, and open source. A large community of users who have generated an extensive collection of well-documented packages and functions supports it. These functions facilitate applications of health decision science methodology as well as the visualization and communication of results. Although R’s popularity is increasing among health decision scientists, methodological extensions of R in the field of decision analysis remain isolated. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of existing R functionality that is applicable to the various stages of decision analysis, including model design, input parameter estimation, and analysis of model outputs.

scholarly journals Model Matematika Kendali Optimal Intensitas Cahaya Dan Nutrisi Pada Pertumbuhan Mikroalga Dengan Menggunakan Metode Pontryagin

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Azim ◽  
R Ratianingsih ◽  
N Nacong
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
State Equation ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Primary Producer ◽  
High Level ◽  
Glucose Formation ◽  
Microalgae Growth

Microalgae are the most primitive plant-sized cellular organisms commonly known as phytoplankton. The habitat of its life is in waters or humid places. This organism is a primary producer of water that has any capability to photosynthesis like any other high-level plants. This study examines mathematically the optimal control of light intensity and liquid waste nutrition in microalgae growth. Growth liter is done by setting the intensity of light in the process of glucose formation and nutrition tofu liquid waste, tapioca, industry, and households as the additional nutrients of microalgae. The Pontryagin maximun principles is used to determine the optimal control solution. The solution is solved from the state and co-state equation that stationery evaluated using the indexed performance maks 𝐽[𝑢1 + 𝑢2 ] = ∫ 𝐺(𝑡) − 𝑡𝑓 𝑡0 𝑆(𝑡) − 1 2 𝑢1 (𝑡) 2 − 1 2 𝑢2 (𝑡) 2𝑑𝑡 with the stationer condition that gives the optimal control 𝑢1 ∗ = 𝛾2𝛼2𝑄𝐵 and 𝑢2 ∗ = −𝛾5𝜌1𝑆. The results shows that before the optimal control of light intensity and nutrition of liquid waste is applied, the concentration of microalgae biomass becomes 5.915 g / liter on the 20th day stayed at the 105th day. The lipid quota with an initial value of 0.6 g/liter will decrease to 0.2 g / liter at 4th day which is the equilibrium point. Optimal control of the regulation of light intensity of 2-9 klux and liquid waste nutrition provided a significant increase in the amount of microalgae biomass and lipid quota, with the regulation of light intensity of 2- 9 klux and tofu liquid waste nutrition which gave the largest increase in the amount of microalgae biomass and lipid quota

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of Real-Time Flood Early Warning System (FEWS) Based on IoT Blynk Application

ELKHA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Hasbi Nur Prasetyo Wisudawan
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Flood Warning System

Disaster occurrence in Indonesia needs attention and role from all parties including the community to reduce the risks.  Disaster mitigation is one of the ways to reduce the disaster risk through awareness, capacity building, and the development of physical facilities, for example by applying disaster mitigation technology (early warning system, EWS). EWS is one of the effective methods to minimize losses due to disasters by providing warning based on certain parameters for disasters which usually occur such as floods. This research promotes a real-time IoT-based EWS flood warning system (Flood Early Warning System, FEWS) using Arduino and Blynk as well as Global System for Mobile Communication network (GSM) as the communication medium. The steps for implementing FEWS system in real locations are also discussed in this paper. Parameters such as water level, temperature, and humidity as well as rain conditions that are read by the EWS sensor can be accessed in real-time by using android based Blynk application that has been created. The result of the measurement of average temperature, humidity, and water level were 28.6 oC, 63.7 %, and 54.5 cm. Based on this analysis, the parameters indicated that the water level is in normal condition and there are no signs indicating that there will be flooding in the 30 days observation.  Based on the data collected by the sensor, FEWS can report four conditions, namely Normal, Waspada Banjir (Advisory), Siaga Banjir (Watch), and Awas Banjir (Warning) that will be sent immediately to the Blynk FEWS application user that has been created.

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