scholarly journals Comparing Quality of Institutions with Happiness of Asian People

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noman Arshed ◽  
Arslan Arif ◽  
Dr Rana Zamin Abbas ◽  
Kamran Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Asian People

The pursuit of happiness is the major goal of humanity. Multidisciplinary research efforts had tried to find its determinants. This study investigates the role of different dimensions of institutional quality of happiness for 33 Asian countries. Quality of institutes helps people feel a sense of control and achievement, which may lead to perceived wellbeing. This study has used a panel FGLS model. The results confirmed that good governance, money, openness, and employment have a significant effect on happiness. It is urged that improvement in indicators like regulatory quality and rule of law to promote employment and trade openness which may help in national happiness.

scholarly journals Good Governance and Economic Growth in South European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Dimitra Mitsi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Institutional Variables ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
Many Sources

Economic growth is a prerequisite for economic development. However, there is no “recipe” for countries to create an environment of prosperity and to achieve high rates of economic growth. Many researchers have examined the drivers of economic growth and find that economic growth depends on many economic and institutional variables. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to examine the role of good governance on economic growth in piicgs countries (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Cyprus, Greece, and Spain). The database was collected from many sources and the empirical analysis is based on a 2SLS (two-stage least squares) technique. In our empirical results, we find that trade openness, gross capital formation, inflation, political stability, rule of law, debt rule, budget balanced rule, and the combination between debt rule/budget balanced rule with political stability and combination between debt rule/budget balanced rule with rule of law are significant drivers of economic growth in piicgs countries while foreign direct investments, government effectiveness, voice and accountability, regulatory quality, fiscal rule index and expenditure rule are insignificant. However, the results may be different if we use other sample groups and/or different periods.

scholarly journals The Governance and Tourism: A Case of Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Rana Ejaz Ali Khan ◽  
Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Jaweria Haleem
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Regulatory Quality

Tourism is a rapidly growing industry globally and it is contributing a significant part in the GDP of the economies. In the literature, a variety of determinants of tourism are discussed theoretically and empirically but the effect of national governance on tourism is rarely discussed. This study investigates the effect of governance on tourism development in a panel of 65 developing economies for the time period of 2000-2015. Tourism development is measured by an index of three components, i.e. spending by international tourists, spending by local tourists and tourism’s share in total employment in the economy. For governance an index is constructed based on indicators of government effectiveness, political stability, regulatory quality, rule of law, and voice and accountability. Data has been taken from World Development Indicators (WDI), Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) and World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimation indicates that governance positively influence tourism development and its components, i.e. foreign visitors spending, domestic tourist spending and contribution of tourism in employment. The indicators of governance, i.e. government effectiveness, political stability, regulatory quality, rule of law and voice and accountability also positively affect tourism development. Terrorism, environmental degradation and corruption have shown adverse effect on tourism development as well as components of tourism development. The economic growth and trade openness have encouraging effect on tourism development and its comments. It is concluded that through good governance tourism may be developed but terrorism and corruption are needed to be eliminated.

scholarly journals Asian E-Commerce Engages Global Trade Openness: The Role of Information and Communications Technology, Social, and Security Indicators

2013 ◽  
pp. 110-136
Author(s):  
Ika Yuni Wulansari ◽  
Novia Budi Parwanto
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Security Indicators

E-commerce, as part of the digital economy, opens an opportunity to increase trade openness and economic growth. Asian e-commerce grows up fast recently, engaging global trade openness. Significant issues on boosting trade openness are lack of trust of social and security, and lack of access to ICT. This research aims to analyze the role of ICT, social and security indicators on trade openness among Asian countries. We used social and security indicators such as interpersonal safety and trust, quality of life, and crime. Meanwhile, ICT indicators used are secure internet servers, fixed telephone subscriptions, fixed broadband subscriptions, and mobile-cellular subscriptions. Panel data analysis is carried using series from 2012 to 2017 among 17 Asian countries. Asian countries experienced rapid trade openness growth since 2016, dominated by Hongkong and Singapore. Fixed telephone subscriptions and fixed broadband subscription have a positive and significant impact on trade openness. This is because, in 17 Asian countries which are dominated by emerging countries, the use of fixed telephone and fixed broadband is the main focus. Crime also has a significant impact to trade openness. Interpersonal safety and trust, as well as quality of life indicator, have a positive sign. However, both of these variables are statistically not significant.

scholarly journals The Role of Specialized Civil Society in Challenge Corruption with Glance to I.R.I

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
AmirNezam Barati ◽  
Ali Babayee Mehr ◽  
Mohsen Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Law ◽  
In Transit ◽  
And Control ◽  
Civil Societies

Combating against corruption is one of the most important factors for establishing Good Governance. Corruption is a social, political and economic phenomenon that defect the democratic institutions and stop establishing good governance. This study using analytical – descriptive, analyses the role of civil society in combat corruption with glance to I.R.IFindings of this study show that the role of special civil societies has remarkable efficiency and effectiveness in combat corruption. In challenging corruption different actor such as government, private sector and specialized civil society have function, but the role of civil societies is more effective than others.In relating to the I.R.I actions against corruption, the country enacted different laws such as the law of access to information, the Law of United Nations Convention against Corruption and this process will send a clear message that the country is determined to prevent and control corruption. In pathology of corruption in I.R of Iran the concentration on fighting against corruption, is concentrated on "The Staff of Combat against Economic Corruption" and civil society don’t have effective or remarkable role to fight against this abnormality and this Staff is most important centers to harmonize the actions against corruption. Finally, the most important causes of corruption in every developing Nations in Transit such as Iran are big government and interference of Government in economy, the weakly embedded rule of law, the ineffective and inefficient of government policy, lack of accountability and institutional transparency.

scholarly journals Does the Quality of Institutions Matter for Financial Inclusion? Cross Country Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Peter W. Muriu
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Cross Country

Despite evidence on the importance of financial inclusion, little is known about the role of institutions in fostering inclusion partly because of data availability. Using annual data corresponding to 120 countries for the period 2004-2019, this study investigates country institutional characteristics associated with the ownership of deposit accounts. A standard regression model is estimated using fixed effects panel data techniques along with financial inclusion proxy and three measures of institutional quality. This paper provides the first empirical justification that financial inclusion is non-negligibly driven by the institutional context. Specifically, rule of law and quality of regulations are crucial in enhancing financial inclusiveness, more so in Africa where they have a stronger effect relative to other regions. Banks and depositors in Africa may be operating in an environment characterized by weak legal systems and excessive or challenging regulations. The evidence presented in this paper may therefore help with the sequencing of institutional reforms that could promote financial inclusion.

Reassessing the contents and context of governance in Asia: recognizing achievements

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shafiqul Huque
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Ranking Countries

Purpose Good governance has been declared as the key target of most Asian governments, but it appears to be an unattainable objective. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potentials for establishing governance across Asian countries. Drawing upon the literature and experience of Asian countries, the study argues that governance represents an unclear state that is rooted more in perception than reality. An extensive review of the indicators of governance reveals the anomaly and unorganized efforts to measure it, and points to the need for recognizing accomplishments in areas that are not directly or indirectly covered in the existing schemes of assessment. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a broad review of the literature on governance and political systems in Asian countries. Existing arrangements for assessing governance are critically reviewed to point out the risks in a perception-dependent approach. Secondary sources and insight obtained from relevant research constitute the data analyzed in the paper. Findings The paper finds that the target of good governance cannot be fully achieved due to the significant diversity across Asian countries as well as varied perceptions held by assessors. Stakeholders have different perceptions about the requirements and ideal of governance and existing tools for measuring governance are inadequate. Most importantly, assessment frameworks do not recognize contextual dimensions that are relevant to Asian countries. Furthermore, it is important to recognize efforts that are aimed at improving conditions instead of working toward an absolute outcome of governance. Recognition of small successes will contribute to the improvement of circumstances rather than ranking countries on the basis of a limited number of perception-based indicators and listing them on international indices. Research limitations/implications The paper does not draw upon primary sources of information and is limited to an assessment of existing arrangements. Practical implications The paper will help draw attention to the limitations of existing arrangements of assessing countries and ranking them for the quality of governance. It will also encourage researchers to think about alternative tools for assessing governance and recognizing progress in Asian countries. Social implications The paper will encourage governments to identify obstacles to good governance and adopt policies to overcome them. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature presenting a critical view for encouraging alternative approach to governance, incorporating perceptions of diverse stakeholders and highlights the need to recognize progress, however limited, in all areas.

Does country-level governance enhance ethical behaviour of firms? An African perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otuo Serebour Agyemang ◽  
Giulia Fantini ◽  
Joyce Frimpong
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
Control Of Corruption

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between country-level governance and ethical behaviour of firms in African countries in the period 2009-2012. Design/methodology/approach – It uses a broad set of country-level governance ratings by the World Bank and data on ethical behaviour of firms by the World Economic Forum’s report on Global Competitiveness. Full data of a total of 39 African economies out of the 54 (including two disputed) economies over the sample period were obtained for this analysis. Findings – The authors find a statistically significant and positive relationship between country-level rule of law, regulatory quality, control of corruption and democracy, and firm ethical behaviour of firms in African economies. This implies that improvement in country-level rule of law, regulatory quality, control of corruption and democracy tends to be associated with sound ethical behaviour of firms in African economies. However, the authors did not find any statistically significant relationship between country-level accountability, political stability, outsider model of governance and ethical behaviour of firms. Practical implications – As a continent that is yet to fully discover its potential, the practice of good governance is particularly germane, as this may not only help ensure sound ethical standards of corporations, but may also aid the continent to attract foreign investors, which will beneficially impact economic growth and development of African economies. In this respect, efforts by governments across the continent to ensuring good governance are laudable. One possible way is to ensure an effective and transparent enforcement of laws to stimulate compliance in a specifically clear-cut manner by crafting costs for non-compliance (for instance, legal costs, investigation cost, imprisonment, dent to image and fines). Originality/value – This paper reinforces the belief that the existence of country-level good governance could provide and enhance cohesive and internally consistent ethical standards of companies.

Australia's Bond Home Bias

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450001
Author(s):  
Anil V. Mishra ◽  
Umaru B. Conteh
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Exchange Rate Volatility ◽  
Home Bias ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Bond Markets ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
System Risk

This paper constructs the float adjusted measure of home bias and explores the determinants of bond home bias by employing the International Monetary Fund's high quality dataset (2001 to 2009) on cross-border bond investment. The paper finds that Australian investors' prefer investing in countries with higher economic development and more developed bond markets. Exchange rate volatility appears to be an impediment for cross-border bond investment. Investors prefer investing in countries with stronger quality of institutions including bureaucratic quality, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, efficiency of judicial system, risk of contract repudiation, and rating of accounting standards.

Subversive institutions, informal governance, and contemporary Russian politics

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gel’man
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
State Building ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
Informal Governance ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Growing Pains ◽  
Russian Politics

The article presents an analysis of “informal institutionalization” in post-Communist Russia in theoretical and comparative perspective. It is devoted to critical analysis of existing explanations of the dominance of subversive institutions – that is, those rules, norms, and practices that at first sight partly resemble institutions of modern democracy, good governance and rule of law, but in fact inhibit them. While “pessimists” focus on cultural and historical embeddedness of subversive institutions in Russia, “optimists” draw their attention to patterns of post-Communist state-building, and “realists” point out the major role of special interests groups in turning growing pains of informal governance in Russia into its chronic deceases.

scholarly journals Effect of Organizational Commitment, Competence and Good Governance on Employees Performance and Quality Asset Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Hendra Gunawan ◽  
Murdifin Haming ◽  
Junaiddin Zakaria ◽  
Asdar Djamareng
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Work Units ◽  
Regional Work

<p>This research aims to examine and analyze the influence of organizational commitment, competence and governance to employee performance and quality asset management at the regional Work Units (SKPD) of The Makassar city government. This research is an explanatory research,  by observing cross-section a on the 203 civil servants who work in the 64 Regional Work Units (SKPD SKPD) Government of Makassar, using total sampling as sampling technique. Analysis of Structural Equation Model (SEM) through Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) Ver. 18 is used as a data analysis tool.  </p>Hypothesis testing results provide evidence that organizational commitment, competence and good governance has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Organizational commitments have a negative and significant effect on the quality of asset management. The different results shown on the competence, good governance and employee performance are positive and significant effect on the Quality asset management for local Governments. Organizational commitment and competence indirectly significant effect on the quality asset management for local Governments: The mediating role of employee performance. On the other mediator variable testing, good governance indirectly has a significant effect on the quality of asset management: The mediating role of employee performance.

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