Changes of Volatile Fatty Acids and Riboflavin in Cecal Contents of Rabbit in the in vitro Fermentation

Tsutomu YOSHIDA; Keiko NAKATANI; Makoto KANDATSU

doi:10.2508/chikusan.46.614

CHARACTERIZING VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS AND OTHER GASES IN A RUMEN CLOSED IN VITRO FERMENTATION SYSTEM USING SOLID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION

Transactions of the ASAE ◽

10.13031/2013.12913 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. P. Spinhirne ◽

J. A. Koziel ◽

N. K. Chirase

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Solid Phase ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Fermentation System

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The production and absorption of volatile fatty acids from the rumen of the sheep

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9680791 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 791 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

GJ Faichney

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

The Other ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Experiments are reported in which sheep were given roughage diets or a high concentrate diet and the VFA absorbed from the rumen were estimated by an in vitro fermentation procedure. The VFA absorbed were compared with the digestible and metabolizable energy intakes of the sheep, determined in digestibility trials, for each diet. For a lucerne diet, a straw diet, and the high concentrate diet the proportions of the digested energy absorbed as VFA were 33.6, 42.4, and 33.2% respectively. On the lucerne diet, the difference between the mean molar proportions of the VFA absorbed and the mean molar proportions of the VFA in the rumen approached significance for acetic acid (P < 0.10) and was highly significant for butyric acid (P < 0.01). The differences were not significant for the other diets.

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Passage of protozoa and volatile fatty acids from the rumen of the sheep and from a continuous in vitro fermentation system

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19740087 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 341-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 230

Author(s):

R. A. Weller ◽

A. F. Pilgrim

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Fermentation System

1. A procedure for sampling digesta from within the omasal canal of sheep given a variety of roughage diets was used to enable comparison to be made of the composition of effluent from the reticulo-rumen with that of rumen fluid.2. Concentrations of protozoa in effluents, relative to a soluble marker continuously infused intraruminally, were usually less than 20% of corresponding rumen fluid concentrations. It was estimated that the amount of protozoal nitrogen leaving the rumen represented less than 2% of dietary N.3. Passage of volatile fatty acids (VFA) from the rumen in effluent was less than 75% of that indicated by rumen concentrations.4. A continuous, in vitro fermentation system was developed, in which outputs of protozoa were comparable with in vivo outputs.

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The Fermentation of Carbohydrates in the Rumen of the Sheep

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.22.1-2.51 ◽

1945 ◽

Vol 22 (1-2) ◽

pp. 51-62

Author(s):

S. R. ELSDEN

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Dietary History ◽

History Of ◽

Rumen Microflora

1. Acetic, propionic and butyric acids are the main volatile fatty acids in the rumen of the sheep. Acetic acid accounts for 55-75% of the total. 2. Cellulose, glucose and lactic acid are rapidly fermented in vitro by rumen contents with the production of acetic, propionic and butyric acids. Pro-pionic acid is the major component in all cases: very little if any butyric acid is formed from cellulose. 3. The in vitro fermentation of glucose closely resembles the in vivo. 4. The in vitro fermentation of dried grass yields the same three acids, but with acetic acid predominating. 5. Members of the genus Propionibacterium have been isolated from the rumen, and evidence is presented to show that these organisms are responsible for the production of the propionic acid found in the rumen. 6. The dietary history of the animal is shown to influence the rate at which glucose is fermented in the rumen, and the composition of the rumen microflora.

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162 The interactions between dietary fiber and lipid sources alter the predicted production and absorption of caecal and colorectal volatile fatty acids in growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.165 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 91-91

Author(s):

Saymore Petros Ndou ◽

Elijah Kiarie ◽

Maria Walsh ◽

Cornelis de Lange ◽

C Martin Nyachoti

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Beef Tallow ◽

Acid Production ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

In Vitro Fermentation

Abstract A combination of in vivo and in vitro fermentation methodologies was used to determine the interactive effects of dietary fiber (DF) and lipid types on volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and absorption, and organic matter (OM) fermentability in the cecum and colorectal tract of pigs. Eight ileal- and caecal-cannulated Yorkshire barrows were fed either pectin- or cellulose-containing diets that were supplemented with either corn oil or beef tallow in two independent Youden squares with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments (n = 6). Ileal and caecal digesta were collected, freeze-dried and fermented using inoculum from fresh caecal digesta and feces, respectively, to determine VFA production and absorption, and fermentability of OM. There were interactions (P < 0.001) between DF and lipid types observed in which the addition of corn oil increased the quantity of caecal and colorectal acetic acid production and caecal acetic absorption, caecal butyric production, predicted caecal OM fermentability, and the predicted colorectal propionic acid in pectin diets but did not have effects in cellulose diets. The addition of beef tallow increased (P < 0.001) the production of caecal butyric and propionic acids during in vitro fermentation in cellulose diets and fermentability of OM in pectin diets. The interactions between DF and lipids on gastrointestinal fermentation largely depends on the degree of saturation of fatty acids in dietary lipids. The addition of beef tallow selectively decreased the production and absorption of individual SCFA in pectin and cellulose diets but increased caecal butyric and propionic acid production in cellulose diets and the fermentability of OM in pectin diets.

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Pilot Study of the Effects of Polyphenols from Chestnut Involucre on Methane Production, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Concentration during In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Yichong Wang ◽

Sijiong Yu ◽

Yang Li ◽

Shuang Zhang ◽

Xiaolong Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Quadratic Response ◽

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Nutritional strategies can be employed to mitigate greenhouse emissions from ruminants. This article investigates the effects of polyphenols extracted from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume (PICB) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Three healthy Angus bulls (350 ± 50 kg), with permanent rumen fistula, were used as the donors of rumen fluids. A basic diet was supplemented with five doses of PICB (0%–0.5% dry matter (DM)), replicated thrice for each dose. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and methane (CH4) yield were measured after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and gas production was monitored for 96 h. The trial was carried out over three runs. The results showed that the addition of PICB significantly reduced NH3-N (p < 0.05) compared to control. The 0.1%–0.4% PICB significantly decreased acetic acid content (p < 0.05). Addition of 0.2% and 0.3% PICB significantly increased the propionic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, CH4 content, and yield (p < 0.05). A highly significant quadratic response was shown, with increasing PICB levels for all the parameters abovementioned (p < 0.01). The increases in PICB concentration resulted in a highly significant linear and quadratic response by 96-h dynamic fermentation parameters (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that 0.2% PICB had the best effect on in-vitro rumen fermentation efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas production.

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Effects of Increasing Doses of Condensed Tannins Extract from Cistus ladanifer L. on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Biohydrogenation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030761 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 761

Author(s):

Olinda Guerreiro ◽

Susana P. Alves ◽

Mónica Costa ◽

Maria F. Duarte ◽

Eliana Jerónimo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Secondary Compounds ◽

Cistus Ladanifer ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Ct Dose ◽

Linear Decrease

Cistus ladanifer (rockrose) is a perennial shrub quite abundant in the Mediterranean region, and it is a rich source in secondary compounds such as condensed tannins (CTs). Condensed tannins from C. ladanifer were able to change the ruminal biohydrogenation (BH), increasing the t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 production. However, the adequate conditions of the C. ladanifer CTs used to optimize the production of t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 is not yet known. Thus, we tested the effect of increasing the doses of C. ladanifer CT extract (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg dry matter (DM)) on in vitro rumen BH. Five in vitro batch incubations replicates were conducted using an oil supplemented high-concentrate substrate, incubated for 24 h with 6 mL of buffered ruminal fluid. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and long chain fatty acids (FA) were analyzed at 0 h and 24 h, and BH of c9–18:1, c9, c12–18:2 and c9, c12, c15–18:3, and BH products yield were computed. Increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs led to a moderate linear decrease (p < 0.001) of the VFA production (a reduction of 27% with the highest dose compared to control). The disappearance of c9–18:1 and c9,c12–18:2 as well as the production of t11–18:1 and c9, t11:18:2 was not affected by increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs, and only the disappearance of c9, c12, c15–18:3 suffered a mild linear decrease (a reduction of 24% with the highest dose compared to control). Nevertheless, increasing the C. ladanifer CT dose led to a strong depression of microbial odd and branched fatty acids and of dimethyl acetals production (less than 65% with the highest dose compared to control), which indicates that microbial growth was more inhibited than fermentative and biohydrogenation activities, in a possible adaptative response of microbial population to stress induced to CTs and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ability of C. ladanifer to modulate the ruminal BH was not verified in the current in vitro experimental conditions, emphasizing the inconsistent BH response to CTs and highlighting the need to continue seeking the optimal conditions for using CTs to improve the fatty acid profile of ruminant fat.

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Chemical characterization and in vitro fermentation ofBrassicastraw treated with the aerobic fungus,Trametes versicolor

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas2011-067 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 695-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. E. Ramirez-Bribiesca ◽

Y. Wang ◽

L. Jin ◽

T. Canam ◽

J. R. Town ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mutant Strain ◽

Trametes Versicolor ◽

Lignin Degradation ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Lignin Degradation Products

Ramirez-Bribiesca, J. E., Wang, Y., Jin, L., Canam, T., Town, J. R., Tsang, A., Dumonceaux, T. J. and McAllister, T. A. 2011. Chemical characterization and in vitro fermentation of Brassica straw treated with the aerobic fungus, Trametes versicolor . Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 695–702. Brassica napus straw (BNS) was either not treated or was treated with two strains of Trametes versicolor; 52J (wild type) or m4D (a cellobiose dehydrogenase-deficient mutant) with four treatments: (i) untreated control (C-BNS), (ii) 52J (B-52J), (iii) m4D (B-m4D) or (iv) m4D+glucose (B-m4Dg). Glucose was provided to encourage growth of the mutant strain. All treatments with T. versicolor decreased (P<0.05) neutral-detergent fibre and increased (P<0.05) protein and the concentration of lignin degradation products in straw. Ergosterol was highest (P<0.05) in straw treated with B-52J, suggesting it generated the most fungal biomass. Insoluble lignin was reduced (P<0.05) in straw treated with B-52J and B-m4D, but not with B-m4Dg. Mannose and xylose concentration were generally higher (P<0.05) in straw treated with fungi, whereas glucose and galactose were lower as compared with C-BNS. The four treatments above were subsequently assessed in rumen in vitro fermentations, along with BNS treated with 2 mL g−1of 5 N NaOH. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids after 24 and 48h were lower (P<0.05) in incubations that contained BNS treated with T. versicolor as compared with C-BNSor NaOH-treated BNS. Compared with C-BNS, in vitrodry matter disappearance and gas production were increased (P<0.05) by NaOH, but not by treatment with either strain of T. versicolor. Although treatment with T. versicolor did release more lignin degradation products, it did not appear to provide more degradable carbohydrate to in vitro rumen microbial populations, even when a mutant strain with compromised carbohydrate metabolism was utilized. Production of secondary compounds by the aerobic fungi may inhibit rumen microbial fermentation.

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Absorption and metabolism of volatile fatty acids by rumen and omasum

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542012000100012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 93-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

João Luiz Pratti Daniel ◽

João Chrysostomo de Resende Júnior

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Mitotic Index ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Diffusion Chamber ◽

Serosal Side ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Mucosal Side ◽

Over Time ◽

Fractional Absorption

Volatile fatty acids (VFA) absorption and metabolic capacity of rumen and omasum were compared, in vitro. Fragments of rumen wall and omasum laminae were taken from eight adult crossbred bovines. An isolated fragment of the mucosa was fitted in a tissue diffusion chamber. Valeric acid and CrEDTA were added to ruminal fluid and placed on the mucosal side and buffer solution was placed on the serosal side. Fractional absorption rates were measured by exponential VFA:Cr ratio decay over time. Metabolism rate was determined as the difference between VFA absorbed and VFA which appeared on the serosal side over time. Mitotic index was higher in omasum (0.52%) than in rumen epithelium (0.28%). VFA fractional absorption rate was higher in omasum (4.6%/h.cm²) than in rumen (0.4%/h.cm²). Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate showed similar fractional absorption rates in both fragments. Percentage of metabolized acetate and propionate was lower than butyrate and valerate in both stomach compartments. In the rumen, individual VFA metabolism rates were similar (mean of 7.7 , but in the omasum, valerate (90.0 was more metabolized than butyrate (59.6 propionate (69.8 and acetate (51.7 . Correlation between VFA metabolism and mitotic index was positive in the rumen and in the omasum. In conclusion, VFA metabolism and absorption potential per surface of the omasum is higher than that of the rumen. Variations on rumen and omasum absorption capacities occur in the same way, and there are indications that factors capable of stimulating rumen wall proliferation are similarly capable of stimulating omasum walls.

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