scholarly journals Influence of Nanoparticles of Metals on Energy Bacterium Cell Metabolism Indicators in Conditions of Their Liofilization and Rehedration

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
M.Ye. ROMAN’KO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Bacterium Cell

METABOLISM AND MODE OF ACTION OF ANDROGENS IN TARGET TISSUES OF MALE RATS

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schmidt ◽  
I. Noack ◽  
K. D. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Peripheral Metabolism

ABSTRACT The effect of testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone on protein and nucleic acid content as well as on the activities of some enzymes has been studied in the ventral prostate and the seminal vesicles of immature castrated rats. Both androgens were given intraperitoneally in doses of 1 mg daily for one or three days the rats were sacrificed one day after the last injection. In the prostate it was found that 5α-dihydrotestosterone had a greater effect on DNA increase, i. e. cell proliferation than testosterone, whereas cell metabolism was stimulated by the two androgens to nearly the same extent. In the seminal vesicles a single dose led to the same results as had been obtained in the prostate, i. e. a greater cell proliferative action of 5α-dihydrotestosterone and an equal stimulation of cell metabolism by testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone was also observed. When three doses of the two androgens were given, cell proliferation as well as cell metabolism in the seminal vesicles were significantly more increased after 5α-dihydrotestosterone than after testosterone. The difference of action after systemic administration of the two androgens is explained by their different accumulation and by their different peripheral metabolism in the target tissues. From the partly independent effects of various androgens on cell proliferation and cell metabolism the conclusion may be drawn that there exist at least two intracellular sites of action.

Recent Development of Small Molecule Glutaminase Inhibitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 432-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsoo Song ◽  
Soong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Chun Young Im ◽  
Hee-Jong Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Tumor Cell Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Class ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Glutaminase (GLS), which is responsible for the conversion of glutamine to glutamate, plays a vital role in up-regulating cell metabolism for tumor cell growth and is considered to be a valuable therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Based on this important function of glutaminase in cancer, several GLS inhibitors have been developed in both academia and industry. Most importantly, Calithera Biosciences Inc. is actively developing the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 for the treatment of various cancers, and it is currently being evaluated in phase 1 and 2 clinical trials. In this review, recent efforts to develop small molecule glutaminase inhibitors that target glutamine metabolism in both preclinical and clinical studies are discussed. In particular, more emphasis is placed on CB-839 because it is the only small molecule GLS inhibitor being studied in a clinical setting. The inhibition mechanism is also discussed based on X-ray structure studies of thiadiazole derivatives present in glutaminase inhibitor BPTES. Finally, recent medicinal chemistry efforts to develop a new class of GLS inhibitors are described in the hopes of providing useful information for the next generation of GLS inhibitors.

scholarly journals Antitumor Effects of PRIMA-1 and PRIMA-1Met (APR246) in Hematological Malignancies: Still a Mutant P53-Dependent Affair?

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Paola Menichini ◽  
Paola Monti ◽  
Andrea Speciale ◽  
Giovanna Cutrona ◽  
Serena Matis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Mutant P53 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Tp53 Tumor Suppressor Gene

Because of its role in the regulation of the cell cycle, DNA damage response, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell migration, autophagy, and cell metabolism, the TP53 tumor suppressor gene is a key player for cellular homeostasis. TP53 gene is mutated in more than 50% of human cancers, although its overall dysfunction may be even more frequent. TP53 mutations are detected in a lower percentage of hematological malignancies compared to solid tumors, but their frequency generally increases with disease progression, generating adverse effects such as resistance to chemotherapy. Due to the crucial role of P53 in therapy response, several molecules have been developed to re-establish the wild-type P53 function to mutant P53. PRIMA-1 and its methylated form PRIMA-1Met (also named APR246) are capable of restoring the wild-type conformation to mutant P53 and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells; however, they also possess mutant P53-independent properties. This review presents the activities of PRIMA-1 and PRIMA-1Met/APR246 and describes their potential use in hematological malignancies.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of Secretion and Metabolism of Gut-Derived 5-Hydroxytryptamine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7931
Author(s):  
Ning Liu ◽  
Shiqiang Sun ◽  
Pengjie Wang ◽  
Yanan Sun ◽  
Qingjuan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Epithelial Development ◽  
Ec Cells

Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a metabolite of tryptophan and is reported to modulate the development and neurogenesis of the enteric nervous system, gut motility, secretion, inflammation, sensation, and epithelial development. Approximately 95% of 5-HT in the body is synthesized and secreted by enterochromaffin (EC) cells, the most common type of neuroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, through sensing signals from the intestinal lumen and the circulatory system. Gut microbiota, nutrients, and hormones are the main factors that play a vital role in regulating 5-HT secretion by EC cells. Apart from being an important neurotransmitter and a paracrine signaling molecule in the gut, gut-derived 5-HT was also shown to exert other biological functions (in autism and depression) far beyond the gut. Moreover, studies conducted on the regulation of 5-HT in the immune system demonstrated that 5-HT exerts anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory effects on the gut by binding to different receptors under intestinal inflammatory conditions. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms through which 5-HT participates in cell metabolism and physiology can provide potential therapeutic strategies for treating intestinal diseases. Herein, we review recent evidence to recapitulate the mechanisms of synthesis, secretion, regulation, and biofunction of 5-HT to improve the nutrition and health of humans.

scholarly journals Biophysical characterization of melanoma cell phenotype markers during metastatic progression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sobiepanek ◽  
Alessio Paone ◽  
Francesca Cutruzzolà ◽  
Tomasz Kobiela
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Biophysical Characterization ◽  
Viscoelastic Parameters

AbstractMelanoma is the most fatal form of skin cancer, with increasing prevalence worldwide. The most common melanoma genetic driver is mutation of the proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase BRAF; thus, the inhibition of its MAP kinase pathway by specific inhibitors is a commonly applied therapy. However, many patients are resistant, or develop resistance to this type of monotherapy, and therefore combined therapies which target other signaling pathways through various molecular mechanisms are required. A possible strategy may involve targeting cellular energy metabolism, which has been recognized as crucial for cancer development and progression and which connects through glycolysis to cell surface glycan biosynthetic pathways. Protein glycosylation is a hallmark of more than 50% of the human proteome and it has been recognized that altered glycosylation occurs during the metastatic progression of melanoma cells which, in turn facilitates their migration. This review provides a description of recent advances in the search for factors able to remodel cell metabolism between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and of changes in specific markers and in the biophysical properties of cells during melanoma development from a nevus to metastasis. This development is accompanied by changes in the expression of surface glycans, with corresponding changes in ligand-receptor affinity, giving rise to structural features and viscoelastic parameters particularly well suited to study by label-free biophysical methods.

scholarly journals The Impact of Exercise Serum on Selected Parameters of CD4+ T Cell Metabolism

Immuno ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Jana Palmowski ◽  
Kristina Gebhardt ◽  
Thomas Reichel ◽  
Torsten Frech ◽  
Robert Ringseis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Autologous Serum ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
The Impact

CD4+ T cells are sensitive to peripheral changes of cytokine levels and metabolic substrates such as glucose and lactate. This study aimed to analyze whether factors released after exercise alter parameters of human T cell metabolism, specifically glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. We used primary human CD4+ T cells activated in the presence of autologous serum, which was collected before (CO) and after a 30-min exercise intervention (EX). In the course of activation, cells and supernatants were analyzed for cell viability and diameter, real-time oxygen consumption by using PreSens Technology, mRNA expression of glycolytic enzymes and complexes of the electron transport chain by real-time PCR, glucose, and lactate levels in supernatants, and in vitro differentiation by flow cytometry. EX did not alter T cell phenotype, viability, or on-blast formation. Similarly, no difference between CO and EX were found for CD4+ T cell activation and cellular oxygen consumption. In contrast, higher levels of glucose were found after 48 h activation in EX conditions. T cells activated in autologous exercise serum expressed lower HK1 mRNA and higher IFN-γ receptor 1. We suggest that the exercise protocol used was not sufficient to destabilize the immune metabolism of T cells. Therefore, more intense and prolonged exercise should be used in future studies.

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