scholarly journals EVALUATION METHOD OF DISCOMFORT GLARE OF LED TUNNEL INTERIOR LIGHTING

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Hirakawa ◽  
Akira Tamoto ◽  
Shigeki Takamoto ◽  
Takashi Muraki ◽  
Hayato Ito
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Interior Lighting ◽  
Discomfort Glare

A Simple Method to Improve VCP by Reducing DGR in an Interior Lighting Installation

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Madjidi Faramarz ◽  
Abedi Kamal ad-Din
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Interior Lighting ◽  
Modified Equations ◽  
Comfort Perception ◽  
Discomfort Glare

Discomfort glare rating (DGR) and Unified glare rating (UGR) are main models currently used as discomfort glare evaluation systems, both of which are calculated employing four factors including the luminaire size, the luminaire position relative to the observer, background luminance, and the luminaires number and location. This study aims at proposing a simple solution for reducing DGR and thereby increasing visual comfort perception (VCP) in an interior lighting system. The proposed solution is based solely on variations of luminaire surface area without change in other factors, e.g. candlepower and number and location of luminaires in the lighting system. To this end, firstly, the equations related to DGR were modified for a desired luminaire, and, secondly, by solving the modified equations, the new luminaire surface area was obtained, which caused DGR decrease and VCP improvement. Finally, by some modifications in the location of selected luminaires having main role on DGR, the VCP rose considerably.

scholarly journals The Development Of Brigthness Evaluation Method For Digital Billboards

2021 ◽  
Vol 1202 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
Gunta Krumina ◽  
Liva Volberga ◽  
Gatis Ikaunieks ◽  
Lauris Naumovs
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Discomfort Glare ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Digital Billboards ◽  
Glare Effect

Abstract LED-based billboards are becoming increasingly popular due to their low cost, flexibility, and efficiency. On another side, the too-bright digital billboard may pose a potential threat to road safety. The driver’s perception of advertising depends on the different factors, including the billboard’s luminance value. The aim of the study was to develop the assessment method for the digital screen parameters (luminance or illumination) which could be applied by supervising authorities, using budget-friendly devices, such as a lux meter and could be used during the billboard active operation. We tested the recommended method of OAAA and concluded that it is not applied for large billboards (over 25 square-meter) due to the calculated far distance and low sensitivity of lux meter. We have developed the new method based on driver discomfort glare and De Boer ratio. The ratio helps to determine how likely a display is to cause discomfort to those around it. The lower the value, the less discomfort the driver will experience from the billboard. The new method is applied for the active and different size billboard and using lux meter that is not an expensive device. Moreover, we take into account the glare effect of billboard on drivers’ vision.

Evaluation method for imaging plate resolution by means of phase contrast transfer function

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 662-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Oikawa ◽  
H. Kosugi ◽  
F. Hosokawa ◽  
D. Shindo ◽  
M. Kersker
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Amorphous Film ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Special Shape ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
Contrast Image ◽  
Specimen Shape

Evaluation of the resolution of the Imaging Plate (IP) has been attempted by some methods. An evaluation method for IP resolution, which is not influenced by hard X-rays at higher accelerating voltages, was proposed previously by the present authors. This method, however, requires truoblesome experimental preperations partly because specially synthesized hematite was used as a specimen, and partly because a special shape of the specimen was used as a standard image. In this paper, a convenient evaluation method which is not infuenced by the specimen shape and image direction, is newly proposed. In this method, phase contrast images of thin amorphous film are used.Several diffraction rings are obtained by the Fourier transformation of a phase contrast image of thin amorphous film, taken at a large under focus. The rings show the spatial-frequency spectrum corresponding to the phase contrast transfer function (PCTF). The envelope function is obtained by connecting the peak intensities of the rings. The evelope function is offten used for evaluation of the instrument, because the function shows the performance of the electron microscope (EM).

Combining Values

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4, 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Common Error ◽  
The Third ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Impairment Ratings ◽  
Upper Extremity Impairment ◽  
The Individual

Abstract To account for the effects of multiple impairments, evaluating physicians must provide a summary value that combines multiple impairments so the whole person impairment is equal to or less than the sum of all the individual impairment values. A common error is to add values that should be combined and typically results in an inflated rating. The Combined Values Chart in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, includes instructions that guide physicians about combining impairment ratings. For example, impairment values within a region generally are combined and converted to a whole person permanent impairment before combination with the results from other regions (exceptions include certain impairments of the spine and extremities). When they combine three or more values, physicians should select and combine the two lowest values; this value is combined with the third value to yield the total value. Upper extremity impairment ratings are combined based on the principle that a second and each succeeding impairment applies not to the whole unit (eg, whole finger) but only to the part that remains (eg, proximal phalanx). Physicians who combine lower extremity impairments usually use only one evaluation method, but, if more than one method is used, the physician should use the Combined Values Chart.

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