scholarly journals Biomechanical Properties of Land Based and Shallow Water Wait: A Comparative Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Yaghoubi ◽  
Philip Fink ◽  
Wyatt Page ◽  
Sarah Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Aquatic Locomotion ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Cross Training

Aquatic locomotion exercises are frequently used in rehabilitation and cross-training for land-based athletes. Hydrostatic pressure, thermal conductivity and drag force affect a person's ability to move; therefore, it is important to understand differences of biomechanical gait in water vs land. This review investigated biomechanical differences between shallow water and land-based exercises. PubMed, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus and Scopus were searched; 33 studies included walking forward (27), backward (6) and running (6). Electromyographic amplitude was similar or less in submaximal intensity during aquatic gait, in comparison to on land. At maximal intensities, however, the amplitude was similar (n=5) or higher (n=4) in water than on land. Kinetic variables (i.e. ground reaction force, lower extremity joint moments) were reduced in water (about 30-35%), while kinematic variables varied between shallow water and land-based exercise. The research highlighted in this review provides a strong foundation for improving rehabilitation and research practices associated with aquatic activities.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Biomechanics Predicts Major League Baseball Player Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 232596712110152
Author(s):  
Lucas G. Teske ◽  
Edward C. Beck ◽  
Garrett S. Bullock ◽  
Kristen F. Nicholson ◽  
Brian R. Waterman
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Regression Trees ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Major League ◽  
Lower Extremity Biomechanics ◽  
Statistical Metrics

Background: Although lower extremity biomechanics has been correlated with traditional metrics among baseball players, its association with advanced statistical metrics has not been evaluated. Purpose: To establish normative biomechanical parameters during the countermovement jump (CMJ) among Major League Baseball (MLB) players and evaluate the relationship between CMJ-developed algorithms and advanced statistical metrics. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: MLB players in 2 professional organizations performed the CMJ at the beginning of each baseball season from 2013 to 2017. We collected ground-reaction force data including the eccentric rate of force development (“load”), concentric vertical force (“explode”), and concentric vertical impulse (“drive”) as well as the Sparta Score. The advanced statistical metrics from each baseball season (eg, fielding independent pitching [FIP], weighted stolen base runs [wSB], and weighted on-base average) were also gathered for the study participants. The minimal detectable change (MDC) was calculated for each CMJ variable to establish normative parameters. Pearson coefficient analysis and regression trees were used to evaluate associations between CMJ data and advanced statistical metrics for the players. Results: A total of 151 pitchers and 138 batters were included in the final analysis. The MDC for “load,” “explode,” “drive,” and the Sparta Score was 10.3, 8.1, 8.7, and 4.6, respectively, and all demonstrated good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.75). There was a weak but statistically significant correlation between the Sparta Score and wSB ( r = 0.23; P = .007); however, there were no significant correlations with any other advanced metrics. Regression trees demonstrated superior FIP with higher Sparta Scores in older pitchers compared with younger pitchers. Conclusion: There was a positive but weak correlation between the Sparta Score and base-stealing performance among professional baseball players. Additionally, older pitchers with a higher Sparta Score had statistically superior FIP compared with younger pitchers with a similar Sparta Score after adjusting for age.

Ground Reaction Force in Sit-to-stand Reflects Lower-extremity Function Better than Timed Test in Older Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 930-931
Author(s):  
Taishi Tsuji ◽  
Tomohiro Okura ◽  
Kenji Tsunoda ◽  
Yasuhiro Mitsuishi ◽  
Naruki Kitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Extremity Function ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Extremity Function ◽  
Timed Test ◽  
Better Than

scholarly journals Influence of Difference of Dynamic Alignment in the Lower Extremity on Ground Reaction Force during One Step Movement

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Hitomi AWAI ◽  
Goro KIMURA ◽  
Hiroaki KONNO ◽  
Hitomi TOKUMOTO ◽  
Yumiko MATSUBARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Step Movement ◽  
One Step ◽  
Dynamic Alignment
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