scholarly journals Prevention of Bird and Animal Damage to Grapes Using a New Labor-saving Net

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Akifumi Azuma ◽  
Hiroshi Yakushiji ◽  
Yoshiko Koshita
Keyword(s):  
Animal Damage

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Flavonoid and Polyphenol from Lotus Leaf on Lung Damage Induced by Inhalation of N2O4 in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Wenjun Li ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
Yong Hu ◽  
Zhijie Liu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Lotus Leaf ◽  
Animal Damage ◽  
Mda Content

To study the protective effects of flavonoid and polyphenol (FP) from lotus leaf on the damage induced by N2O4 in mice. Constructing an animal damage model through exposing mice to 45μl N2O4 in a 120 L sealed cabinet for 30 minutes. ICR male mice were randomly divided into normal group, physiological saline+N2O4 group,1.25g/kgFP +N2O4 group, 2.50g/kgFP + N2O4 group, 3.75g/kg FP +N2O4 group. 1.25, 2.50, 3.75 g/kg FP were orally administered to mice respectively for 5 days, equal volume physiological saline for normal group and physiological saline+N2O4 group. Then, the three FP groups and the physiological saline+N2O4 group were exposed to N2O4 in the cabinet on 5th day. In an hour after N2O4 exposure, killing the mice by dislocation to measure the SOD, GSH-Px activity and MDA content in lung tissue, checking pathology change in lung tissue slice. Results were shown: the 1.25, 2.50g/kg FP increased SOD (U/mg pro) by 30.3% and 24.4%, GSH-Px (U/mg pro) by 77.4% and 60.9%, respectively. Pathological observation of lung tissue showed that three FP groups had lighter damage than the physiological saline+N2O4 group. So, FP has significant protective effects on damage caused by N2O4 in mice.

Diagnosing Plant Disorders

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Keefer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Outward Appearance ◽  
Animal Damage ◽  
Chemical Injuries ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Tools to use for diagnosing plant disorders include overall plant appearance, plant tissue testing, total plant analysis, soil testing and analysis, and soil and root abnormalities. Plant appearance will show animal damage, weather-induced problems, chemical injuries, mechanical damage, biotic-associated problems, and plant nutrient deficiency and toxicity symptoms. Many plant growth problems can be correctly diagnosed by skillfully examining the outward appearance of a plant. By knowing the appearance of a healthy plant, one can know what would be different to cause a plant disorder. Animals can damage plants in a variety of ways. Large animals, such as deer, squirrels, gophers, moles, mice, often graze on plant tops, may break off stems, or pull the plants out of the ground. These animals can be discouraged by electric or regular fencing or by placing some repellents close to the plants. Deer can be repelled by hanging small bars of odiferous deodorant soap on the plants; or by spraying the plants with a mixture of an egg in a bucket of water. They also do not like baler twine soaked in spent soil from automobiles. Rodents often live in mulch near trees and shrubs and feed on the roots or tender shoots sometimes killing the plants. Prevention of this kind of damage can be accomplished by placing a ring of gravel or hardware cloth around the shrubs or trees to discourage this feeding. Birds also can be a problem. Woodpeckers and sapsuckers may dig holes in trees looking for insects. By keeping your trees healthy, these birds are discouraged. Other birds are often attracted to new seedings. If shrubs or small trees are damaged by birds, netting can be used to cover the plants as a final resort. Dogs also can damage plantings, usually by urinating on them. There are repellants that can be used to discourage this. Man can cause damage to plants through accidents, neglect, or ignorance as to proper care. There are a number of ways that plants can be damaged mechanically, such as root damage, trunk damage, or leaf damage, usually resulting from accidents.

Defensive (anti-herbivory) Batesian mimicry in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 34-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simcha Lev-Yadun
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
Batesian Mimicry ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Animal Damage ◽  
Defensive Mechanisms

Several types of defensive Batesian mimicry seem to be much more common in plants than was historically and is currently considered. It is based either on visual aspects (shape, coloration, and even movement), on odors, and on combinations of both these sensing modalities. Various characters that seem to function as defensive Batesian mimicry, may also simultaneously take part in pollination, physiological functions, or in other defensive mechanisms. The defended models for the visual Batesian mimics in plants belong to several categories: (1) spiny, thorny and prickly plant species, (2) mechanically or chemically defended parts of the same individual plant, or other members of the same species (auto mimicry), (3) colorful and chemically defended plants, (4) dangerous animals (aggressive, toxic), (5) fungal attacks, (6) animal action and animal damage cues, and (7) oozing defensive white latex. Olfactory defended models include: (1) toxic plants, (2) animal alarm pheromones, and (3) animal carrion and feces odors. Many more descriptive, genetic, phylogenetic and experimental studies have to be done in order to better understand the role of defensive Batesian mimicry in plant biology.

Risks Associated with Growing Non-native Larches in Eastern North America

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Robbins
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Animal Damage ◽  
Growth Loss ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Risks associated with growing non-native larches include growth loss and mortality related to their frost susceptibility, shade intolerance, stress on poor sites, diseases, insects, and animal damage. Proper selection of planting sites and seed sources, using disease-free dormant planting stock, and monitoring plantations for injury help reduce these risks. North. J. Appl. For. 2:101-104, Dec. 1985.

scholarly journals The Effects of Forestry Site Preparation on Mountain Beaver Demographics and Associated Damage to Tree Seedlings

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Wendy Arjo
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Animal Damage ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Mountain Beaver ◽  
Aplodontia Rufa ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Timber resources are a vital part of the economy in the Pacific Northwest, yet reforestation efforts are often hampered by animal damage. Understanding the factors that influence seedling damage can assist managers in implementing appropriate techniques to reduce species-specific damage. I radio-collared and monitored mountain beavers (Aplodontia rufa) from preharvest to seedling planting to determine the impacts of forest management practices on demographics. In addition, I monitored Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings on 28 plots on two harvest units (Vesta and Schoolhouse) to determine the effects of chemical site preparation on mountain beaver foraging and subsequent seedling damage. Mountain beaver densities differed between silvicultural treatments (F3,39 = 3.58, P < 0.02), although reproductive success did not (χ2 = 0.14, df = 1, P = 0.70). Larger mountain beaver home ranges were documented in the mature timber compared with those following harvest. Home ranges were also larger in the chemical site preparation portion of the unit (mean = 3.37 ± 0.9 ha) than in the nontreated portion of the unit (mean = 0.82 ± 0.17 ha) on Vesta. Herbicide treatment did not promote seedling damage on either unit. Vegetation does not appear to be the only factor influencing mountain beaver movements and seedling damage. Availability of water is very important for mountain beavers and may also influence their foraging choice, as well as contributing to their increased movements in mature timber (reduced groundwater) versus clearcut areas. Understanding the effects of vegetation on population demographics and subsequent seedling damage may allow for initiating a nonlethal management method using alternative forage.

Phase contrast imaging of preclinical portal vein embolization with CO2microbubbles

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1260-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongbiao Tang ◽  
Fuhua Yan ◽  
Guo-Yuan Yang ◽  
Ke-Min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Portal Vein Embolization ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Liver Insufficiency ◽  
Animal Damage ◽  
Embolic Agents

Preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) is employed clinically to avoid postoperative liver insufficiency. Animal models are usually used to study PVE in terms of mechanisms and pathophysiological changes. PVE is formerly monitored by conventional absorption contrast imaging (ACI) with iodine contrast agent. However, the side effects induced by iodine can give rise to animal damage and death. In this study, the feasibility of using phase contrast imaging (PCI) to show PVE using homemade CO2microbubbles in living rats has been investigated. CO2gas was first formed from the reaction between citric acid and sodium bicarbonate. The CO2gas was then encapsulated by egg white to fabricate CO2microbubbles. ACI and PCI of CO2microbubbles were performed and comparedin vitro. An additional increase in contrast was detected in PCI. PCI showed that CO2microbubbles gradually dissolved over time, and the remaining CO2microbubbles became larger. By PCI, the CO2microbubbles were found to have certain stability, suggesting their potential use as embolic agents. CO2microbubbles were injected into the main portal trunk to perform PVE in living rats. PCI exploited the differences in the refractive index and facilitated clear visualization of the PVE after the injection of CO2microbubbles. Findings from this study suggest that homemade CO2microbubbles-based PCI is a novel modality for preclinical PVE research.

Managing vertebrates in cover crops: A first study

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shawn Smallwood
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Animal Damage ◽  
Vertebrate Pests ◽  
Vertebrate Pest ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Field Plots

AbstractLittle is known of how vertebrate pest and beneficial species respond to cover crops in vineyards and orchards. During spring 19941 interviewed 22 people who work with cover crops in California and searched for vertebrates and their signs in 36 field plots where cover crops were grown. Farmers usually relaxed concern for vertebrate pests after planting cover crops. But cover crops were thought to increase venebrate damage to trees and vines when planted continuously across the rows or grown in orchards and vineyards less than three years old. Vertebrates usually were not abundant or harmful to the commercial crops and cover crops I examined. Gophers were most abundant in older, uneven, scrappy, or weedy cover crops. They preferred beneficial and insectary blends and Cahaba white vetch, and were least abundant in grasses, subclover mixes, and bur medic. Voles preferred nontillage clover mixes, but avoided bare ground under vine and tree rows. All small mammals were more numerous near streams and recently tilled fields. Cover crops attracted many predatory vertebrates, which improve the aesthetic quality of the farm and might keep animal damage to economically acceptable levels. Cover crops can contribute to wildlife conservation in California, especially if the area in cover crops continues to increase.

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