scholarly journals Early High Yield Technique of Japanese Pear ‘Kousui’ Grown in a High Density Soil Mound Rhizosphere Restricted Culture

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Yoshio Oya ◽  
Yoshikazu Yamaki
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Japanese Pear ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Soil Mound

Development of High Density RDL Technologies for Panel Level Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000284-000313
Author(s):  
Lars Böttcher ◽  
S. Karaszkiewicz ◽  
F. Schein ◽  
R. Kahle ◽  
A. Ostmann
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
High Density ◽  
Organic Films ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Process Yield ◽  
Cu Pillar ◽  
Thin Organic Films ◽  
Advanced Packaging

Advanced packaging technologies like wafer-level fan-out and 3D System-in-Packages (SIPs) are rapidly penetrating the market of electronic components. A recent trend to reduce cost is the extension of processes to large manufacturing formats, called Panel Level Packaging (PLP). In a consortium of German partners from industry and research advanced technologies for PLP are developed. The project aims for an integrated process flow for SIPs with chips embedded into an organic laminate matrix. At first dies with Cu pillar structures are placed into openings of a laminate frame layer with very low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). They are embedded by vacuum lamination of thin organic films, filling the very small gap down to 15 μm between chips and frame. The frame provides alignment marks for a local registration of following processes. The ridged frame limits die shift during embedding and gives a remarkable handling robustness. Developments are initially performed on a 305×256mm2 panel format, aiming for a final size of 610×615 mm2. On the top side of embedded chips, a 20μm dielectric film is applied. The goal is to avoid additional via formation and to realize a direct connection between the Cu pillar of the die and the RDL The RDL formation is based on semi-additive processing. Therefore a Ti or TiW barrier and Cu seed layer is sputtered. Subsequently a 7μm photoresist is applied and exposed by a newly developed Direct Imaging (DI) system. Lines and spaces of 4μm were achieved with high yield. In the following, Cu is simultaneously electroplated for the via contacts and interconnects traces. Finally, the photo resist is stripped and the TiW barrier and Cu seed layers are etched. The goal of the development is to provide a technology for a high-density RDL formation on large panel sizes. The paper will discuss the new developments in detail, e.g. the influence of most significant process parameters, like lithographical resolution, minimum via diameter and the placement and alignment accuracy on overall process yield.

The effect of density of planting on yield and final nutrient uptake of two maize varieties in Nigeria

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Lucas ◽  
Rita Sagbohan
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Grain

Recent studies on maize in Nigeria showed that the new ‘FARZ series’ of maize, which were specially bred for high yield, respond to high density treatments (Lucas, 1981; Remison & Lucas, 1982). The optimum maize grain yields were obtained by these workers at density treatments 6·6 and 5·3 plants/m2. Prior to the release of these varieties, optimum grain yields were obtained between 3·7 and 4·3 plants/m2 (Fayemi, 1963; Chinwuba, 1967).

scholarly journals The Petri Dish-N2B27 Culture Condition Maintains RPE Phenotype by Inhibiting Cell Proliferation and mTOR Activation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hui Lou ◽  
Chunpin Lian ◽  
Fanjun Shi ◽  
Liqun Chen ◽  
Sicheng Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Culture Condition ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Rpe Cells ◽  
Petri Dishes

Objective. To develop a method for the rapid isolation of rat RPE cells with high yield and maintain its epithelial state in modified culture system. Methods. The eyeballs were incubated with dispase. The retina was isolated with RPE attached and cut into several pieces. Following a brief incubation in growth medium, large RPE sheets can be harvested rapidly. RPE cells were divided into four groups and cultured for several weeks, that is, (1) in cell culture dishes with 10% FBS containing medium (CC dish-FBS), (2) in petri dishes with 10% FBS containing medium (Petri dish-FBS), (3) in cell culture dishes with N2 and B27 containing medium (CC dish-N2B27), and (4) in petri dishes with N2 and B27 containing medium (Petri dish-N2B27). Morphological and biological characteristics were investigated using light microscopy, Q-PCR, and western blot. Results. The retina would curl inwardly during the growth medium incubation period, releasing RPE sheets in the medium. Compared with low density group (5,000 cells/cm2), RPE cells plated at high density (15,000 cells/cm2) can maintain RPE morphology for a more extended period. Meanwhile, plating RPE cells at low density significantly reduced the expression of RPE cell type-specific genes (RPE65, CRALBP, and bestrophin) and increased the expression of EMT-related genes (N-cadherin, fibronectin, and α-SMA), in comparison with the samples from the high density group. The petri dish culture condition reduced cell adhesion and thus inhibited RPE cell proliferation. As compared with other culture conditions, RPE cells in the petri dish-N2B27 condition could maintain RPE phenotype with increased expression of RPE-specific genes and decreased expression of EMT-related genes. The AKT/mTOR pathway was also decreased in petri dish-N2B27 condition. Conclusion. The current study provided an alternative method for easy isolation of RPE cells with high yield and maintenance of its epithelial morphology in the petri dish-N2B27 condition.

Breeding and Improvement of Seguin Chestnut (Castanea segunii)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 527a-527
Author(s):  
J.D. Norton ◽  
Hongwen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
High Density ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Central China ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Germplasm Resource ◽  
Horticultural Traits ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Seven Generations

The seguin chestnut, commonly called Maoli in China, is one of the three chestnut species (C. mollissima, C. seguinii, and C. henryi) native to southeastern and central China. Seguine is a valuable germplasm resource for horticultural traits such as precocity, everbearing, high yield, blight resistance, and dwarfism. A recurrent selection breeding program was initiated in 1989. Since seedlings flowered as early as 3 weeks, selections were made annually for seven generations. Improvement in precocity, everbearing, yield, quality, blight resistance, and dwarfism is sought. The everbearing and high-yielding plants should provide an abundant source of food for wildlife on a continuing yearly basis. Incorporation of the precocious and dwarf traits into commercial chestnut species can enhance the development of high-density chestnut production.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Islet Purification Methods That Use Large Bottles to Create a Continuous Density Gradient

Cell Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Miyagi-Shiohira ◽  
Naoya Kobayashi ◽  
Issei Saitoh ◽  
Masami Watanabe ◽  
Yasufumi Noguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Density Gradient ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
High Density ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Transplantation ◽  
Continuous Density ◽  
Stainless Steel Pipe

Islet purification is one of the most important steps of islet isolation for pancreatic islet transplantation. The most common method of islet purification is density gradient centrifugation using a COBE 2991 cell processor. However, this method can damage islets mechanically through its high shearing force. We recently reported that a new purification method using large plastic bottles effectively achieves a high yield of islets from the porcine pancreas. In the present study, we evaluated the methods of making a continuous density gradient. The gradient was produced with a gradient maker and two types of candy cane-shaped stainless steel pipes. One method was to use a “bent-tipped” stainless steel pipe and to load from a high-density solution to a low-density solution, uploading the stainless steel pipe. The other method was to use a regular stainless steel pipe and to load from a low-density solution to a high-density solution, leaving the stainless steel pipe in place. There were no significant differences between the two solutions in terms of the islet yield, rate of viability or purity, score, or the stimulation index after purification. Furthermore, there were no differences in the attainability or suitability of posttransplantation normoglycemia. Our study shows the equivalency of these two methods of islet purification.

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