scholarly journals Tonsil Volume and Allergic Rhinitis in Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. ar.2014.5.0095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Ameli ◽  
Fabio Brocchetti ◽  
Maria Angela Tosca ◽  
Irene Schiavetti ◽  
Giorgio Ciprandi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Adenoid Hypertrophy ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Tonsil hypertrophy (TH) is very common in children. Previously, it has been reported that an inverse relationship exists between adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and allergic rhinitis (AR). This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between tonsil volume and AR diagnosis in a group of children complaining of upper airways obstruction. Globally, 171 children (91 boys; mean age, 6.6 years) were studied. Clinical visit, nasal endoscopy, and skin-prick test were performed in all patients. TH and anterior nasal obstruction were graded using the Friedman's classifications. Adenoid volume was graded using the Parikh's classification. Fifty-eight children (33.9%) had relevant TH (grades 3–4); 77 children (44.94%) had AR. There was a strong correlation (gamma = 0.564; p < 0.001) between TH and AH. Tonsil volume was inversely associated with AR diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 0.314). Risk factors for TH were intense mucosal inflammation (pale mucous membranes) and AH (OR, 3.54 and 2.856, respectively). This study shows that large tonsils are negatively associated with allergy, whereas intense inflammation is a risk factor for TH; AH may be frequently associated with TH.

scholarly journals The role of young children in a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis A

1997 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. SMITH ◽  
J. C. GRABAU ◽  
A. WERZBERGER ◽  
R. A. GUNN ◽  
H. R. ROLKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Recurrent Hepatitis

An Hasidic Jewish community has experienced recurrent hepatitis A outbreaks since 1980. To assess risk factors for illness during a 1985–6 outbreak, the authors reviewed case records and randomly selected 93 households for an interview and serologic survey. In the outbreak, 117 cases of hepatitis A were identified, with the highest attack rate (4·2%) among 3–5 year olds. Among the survey households, the presence of 3–5 year olds was the only risk factor that increased a household's risk of hepatitis A (indeterminant relative risk, P=0·02). Furthermore, case households from the outbreak were more likely to have 3–5 year olds than were control households from the survey (odds ratio=16·4, P<0·001). Children 3–5 years old were more likely to have hepatitis A and may have been the most frequent transmitters of hepatitis A in this community. Hepatitis A vaccination of 3–5 year olds can protect this age group and might prevent future outbreaks in this community.

scholarly journals Risk factors for cancer-associated thrombosis in patients undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1200-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Ando ◽  
Takahiro Hayashi ◽  
Reiko Sugimoto ◽  
Seira Nishibe ◽  
Kaori Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cancer Associated Thrombosis

SummaryPurpose Anticancer agents are known to increase cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) onset. CAT onset rate is reported to be 1.92% in cisplatin-based therapy, 6.1% in paclitaxel plus ramucirumab combination therapy, and 11.9% in bevacizumab monotherapy. Because immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) cause a sudden increase in T cell number, an association between administration of these drugs and increase in CAT incidence is likely. However, the extent to which ICI administration affects CAT incidence remains unclear. Further, risk factors for CAT incidence have not yet been identified. The present study investigated CAT incidence and associated risk factors in patients receiving ICI. Methods Patients administered nivolumab or pembrolizumab at Fujita Health University Hospital from April 2017 to March 2018 were enrolled. We collected retrospective data regarding age, sex, cancer type, BMI, medical history, laboratory data at treatment initiation, medications, and computed tomography (CT) interpretations from electronic medical records. Results We identified 122 eligible participants from 135 patients receiving nivolumab or pembrolizumab. Ten patients (8.2%) developed CAT. A history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) or arterial thromboembolism (ATE) was a risk factor for CAT incidence (odds ratio: 6.36, P = 0.039). A history of heart disease may be a risk factor for CAT incidence (odds ratio 6.56, P = 0.052). Significantly higher usage of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy was noted in patients who developed CAT (60%) than in those who did not (13.4%, p < 0.01). Conclusion High (8.2%) CAT incidence during ICI administration suggested that ICI is not associated with a lower blood clot risk than other anticancer agents investigated in previous studies. For patients with VTE, ATE, or heart disease history, it is crucial to consider the possibility of CAT even with antiplatelet therapy.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Pressure Ulcers at the Ala of Nose in Oral Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Tsukamoto ◽  
Miwa Kobayashi ◽  
Takeshi Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Quality Review ◽  
Nasal Tube

A quality review revealed pressure ulcers at the ala of nose in 16 cases (2.2%) over 3 years. We therefore retrospectively investigated the risk factors for alar pressure ulcers from nasal tubes. Male gender was the highest risk factor (odds ratio = 9.1411; 95% confidence interval = 1.680–170.58), and the second highest risk factor was duration of anesthesia (odds ratio = 1.0048/min of anesthesia; 95% confidence interval = 1.0034–1.0065). Male gender and duration of anesthesia appear to be risk factors for nasal tube pressure ulcers at the ala of nose in patients.

scholarly journals TMJ Osteoarthritis/Osteoarthrosis and Immune System Factors in a Japanese Sample

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Nishioka ◽  
Hideki Ioi ◽  
Ryusuke Matsumoto ◽  
Tazuko K. Goto ◽  
Shunsuke Nakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Japanese Sample ◽  
System Factors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Allergies And Asthma

Abstract Objective: To determine whether there is an association between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis (OA) and immune system factors in a Japanese sample. Materials and Methods: The records of 41 subjects (7 men, aged 22.0 ± 3.8 years; 34 women, aged 24.8 ± 6.3 years) and 41 pair-matched controls (7 men, aged 22.1 ± 2.3 years; 34 women, aged 24.8 ± 6.4 years) based on age and gender were reviewed. Information on medical history included local or systemic diseases, details on medication type and use, and the presence of allergies and asthma. Dental history questions referred to details regarding past oral injuries. The validity of the hypothesis, defining allergies and asthma as risk factors in OA, was tested by using a logistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence of allergy was significantly higher in the TMJ OA (P = .008), with a mean odds ratio of 4.125 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.446–11.769. Conclusion: These results suggest that allergy may be a risk factor in association with TMJ OA in this Japanese sample.

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO KEPADATAN LALAT DAN SANITASI RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE DI KELURAHAN TANJUNG PINANG KOTA JAMBI TAHUN 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Listautin Listautin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Diarrhea is one of health problem in the world including Indonesia. The Morbidity survey undertaken by Sub-Directorate of diarrhea, Health Department from 2007 to 2010is improved. According to the data gained from Puskesmas in Tanjung Pinang Jambi in 2017, it is found out that 5 different districs in Tanjung Pinang are the district which has the highest rate of diarrhea sufferers. The aim of this study is to find out the risk factors of the flies density and the dwelling sanitation to the occurance of diarrhea in Tanjung Pinang Jambi in 2017. This study is quantitative study by using case control design. The sample of this study is 68 people who consists of 34 samples of case group and 34 samples of control group. This study is analyzed through univariate and bivariate analysis by using chi-square test. The instruments of this study are the reviewed document, ceklist, and the measurement through fly grill. The result of analysis are found out that toilet is the main risk factor for the occurance of diarrhea with odds ratio (OR) value is 3,519. Sewerage (SPAL) is one the risk factor of the diarrhea occurance with odds ratio (OR) value is 3,361. The waste is the other risk factors for the occurance of diarrhea with odds ratio (OR) value is 4,418. The flies density is the protective factor for the diarrhea occurance with odds ratio (OR) value is 0,773.Based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that it is necesarry to do the coorporation across program to optimize the noticing of information to public concerning on the importance of good dwelling sanitation and the low flies density in order to avoid from the occurance of diarrhea.Keyword : Diarrhea, Dwelling Sanitation, Flies Density

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes for Atrial Arrhythmias in Trauma Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 634-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis Hadjizacharia ◽  
Terence O'Keeffe ◽  
Carlos V.R. Brown ◽  
Kenji Inaba ◽  
Ali Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Incidence Risk

The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes after the development of an atrial arrhythmia (AA) in trauma patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). We performed a retrospective study of more than 7 years of trauma patients admitted to the ICU at an urban, academic Level I trauma center. Patients with AA, defined as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, were compared with patients without AA. Groups were compared by univariate and multivariate analysis. Three thousand, four hundred and ninety-nine trauma patients were admitted to the ICU during the study period and 210 (6%) developed an AA. AA patients were more likely to sustain blunt trauma, were older, more often female, more severely injured, and sustained more head injuries. The only independent risk factor for developing an AA was age > 55 years (odds ratio = 4.6, P < 0.01). Mortality was higher in the AA group (33% vs 14%, P < 0.01) and AA was an independent risk factor for mortality (odds ratio = 1.7, P = 0.01). Twenty-eight per cent (n = 59) of AA patients received beta-blockers in the postinjury period, and these patients had lower mortality (22% vs 37%, P = 0.04). AA occurs in 6 per cent of trauma patients admitted to the ICU. Developing an AA is an independent risk factor for mortality after trauma. Beta-blocker therapy was associated with decreased mortality in trauma patients with AA.

The Effect of Seromuscular-Dermal and All Layer-Dermal Suturing on the Rate of Early Stomal Mucocutaneous Separation: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Yusuke Ohara ◽  
Tsuyoshi Enomoto ◽  
Yohei Owada ◽  
Daichi Kitaguchi ◽  
Katsuji Hisakura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Suture Technique ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Surgical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Stomal mucocutaneous separation (SMS) is a serious and common short-term and long-term complication of ostomy surgery, but optimal methods to help prevent it have not been established. The authors hypothesized that seromuscular-dermal (SM-D) suturing may be better than all layer-dermal (AL-D) suturing to help prevent SMS. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated the short-term SMS rate of patients who underwent colostomy or ileostomy surgery between 2015 and 2019. Patient demographics, medical and surgical history variables, as well as SMS outcomes were abstracted. Postoperative SMS severity was categorized by extent as follows: grade A (mild), grade B (moderate), and grade C (severe). RESULTS: In total, 105 patients (AL-D group, 45 patients; SM-D group, 60 patients) were enrolled in the study. SMS occurred in 24 patients (23%). The overall SMS rate was 18% (n = 11) in the SM-D group and 29% (n = 13) in the AL-D group (P = .202). The occurrence of severe (grade C) or moderate and severe SMS (grades B + C) in the SM-D compared with the AL-D group was significantly different (2% vs 16% [P = .011] and 10% vs 24% [P = .047], respectively). A history of steroid use was a risk factor for moderate and severe SMS (P = .016, odds ratio 5.694). Stomal height ≤1 cm was a a risk factor for all cases of SMS (P = .037, odds ratio 2.650). AL-D suture technique and a history of steroid use were independent risk factors for severe and moderate plus severe SMS (P = .021, odds ratio 12.844 and P = .027, odds ratio 4.808, respectively). CONCLUSION: In this study, use of the AL-D suturing technique and a history of steroid use were independent risk factors for the short-term development of moderate or severe SMS. Patients whose stoma was secured using the SM-D technique had a significantly lower rate of moderate or severe SMS.

Risk of Surgery and Anesthesia for Ischemic Stroke

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Y. Wong ◽  
David O. Warner ◽  
Darrell R. Schroeder ◽  
Kenneth P. Offord ◽  
Mark A. Warner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Increased Risk

Background The goal of this study was to determine if the combination of surgery and anesthesia is an independent risk factor for the development of incident (first-time) ischemic stroke. Methods All residents of Rochester, MN, with incident ischemic stroke from 1960 through 1984 (1,455 cases and 1,455 age- and gender-matched controls) were used to identify risk factors associated with ischemic stroke. Cases and controls undergoing surgery involving general anesthesia or central neuroaxis blockade before their stroke/index date of diagnosis were identified. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio of surgery and anesthesia for ischemic stroke while adjusting for other known risk factors. Results There were 59 cases and 17 controls having surgery within 30 days before their stroke/index date. After adjusting for previously identified risk factors, surgery within 30 days before the stroke/index date (perioperative period) was found to be an independent risk factor for stroke (P&lt;0.001; odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-7.4). In an analysis that excluded matched pairs where the case and/or control underwent surgery considered "high risk" for stroke (cardiac, neurologic, or vascular procedures), "non-high-risk surgery" was also found to be an independent risk factor for perioperative stroke (P = 0.002; odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-5.7). Conclusion Our results suggest that there is an increased risk of ischemic stroke in the 30 days after surgery and anesthesia. This risk remains elevated even after excluding surgeries (cardiac, neurologic, and vascular surgeries) considered to be high risk for ischemic stroke.

Antibody profiles for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (06) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Biasiolo ◽  
Cinzia Pegoraro ◽  
Umberto Cucchini ◽  
Franco Noventa ◽  
Sabino Iliceto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Arterial Thromboembolism

SummaryAmong the so called‘antiphospholipid antibodies’, the presence of Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) is associated with thrombosis-related events and defines the antiphospholipid syndrome. The role of anti-cardiolipin (aCL) antibodies and anti-human β2-glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) antibodies is less striking. Since the problem of standardization for these tests is far from resolved, we evaluated whether the combination of results (antiphospholipid laboratory profiles) could help to better classify these patients. Over a 6-year period, 618 consecutive subjects (55% of whom had previous documented thrombosis-related events) were referred to our clinic for Antiphospholipid antibody detection. LA was detected according to internationally accepted recommendations. ACL and aβ2GPI antibodies were detected by Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Patients’ records were reviewed for the presence of previous thromboembolic events or obstetric complications according to Sapporo’s clinical criteria for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and each patient underwent a physical examination. When individual tests were considered in a multivariate analysis which took into account age, gender, the presence of SLE or other autoimmune diseases and established risk factors for venous and arterial thromboembolism, LA (Odds Ratio 4.4, Confidence Interval 1.5–13.3) and aβ2GPI antibodies (Odds Ratio 2.9, Confidence Interval 1.1–7.5) but not aCL antibodies (Odds Ratio 1.2, Confidence Interval 0.5–2.7) were found to be independent risk factors for thrombosis-related events. When antiphospholipid antibody profiles instead of individual test positivity were analyzed in the above mentioned model, triple positivity resulted a strong independent risk factor (Odds Ratio 33.3, Confidence Interval 7.0–157.6), retaining its significance when the association with venous or arterial thromboembolism was considered. Double positivity with negative LA was close to significance for thrombosis-related events (Odds Ratio 2.2, Confidence Interval1.0–5.2, p=0.056) and highly significant risk factor for obstetric complications (Odds Ratio 10.8, Confidence Interval 2.9–40.8). Other combinations did not reach statistical significance. The mean level of IgG aβ2GPI antibodies was statistically higher in triple positive profile and might account for positive LA. As compared to a single test, the analysis of a complete antiphospholipid antibody profile can better determine patients at risk.

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Risk Factors for Mortality in Hospitalized Older Adults with Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Fukuda ◽  
Nobuaki Kobayashi ◽  
Makoto Masuda ◽  
Aya Wakabayashi ◽  
Nobuko Kusano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
City Hospital

Background. Pneumonia is a common disease among the aging population in Japan. Hence, it is important to elucidate the risks related to pneumonia mortality. Since Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most commonly observed pathogen, pneumococcal vaccination is recommended to older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the clinical features of pneumonia, including the status of pneumococcal vaccination, in hospitalized older adult patients in Japan. Methods. This single-centered retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of all patients with acute pneumonia at Fujisawa City Hospital in Japan from April 2018 to March 2019. Patients were divided into two groups based on their history of pneumococcal vaccination. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality, while the secondary endpoint was risk factors associated with mortality. Results. We included 93 patients with pneumonia in this retrospective study. Although the mortality rate was higher in the vaccinated group (15.8%) than in the unvaccinated group (9.1%), vaccination status was not identified as a significant risk factor for mortality after multivariable logistic regression (odds ratio: 2.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.667–11.02; p = 0.16 ). In addition, the A-DROP score was identified as an independent risk factor (odds ratio: 2.64; 95% confidence interval: 1.22–5.72; p = 0.008 ). Conclusions. Our study suggested that the A-DROP score is a risk factor of mortality for pneumonia in older adults. In addition, pneumococcal vaccination history was related to increased mortality; however, the influence of the vaccination remains unclear because of the small sample size.

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