The Effect of a Low Concentration of Hypochlorous Acid on Rhinovirus Infection of Nasal Epithelial Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeong Sang Yu ◽  
Hyung Wook Park ◽  
Hyun Ja Kwon ◽  
Yong Ju Jang
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Nasal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Rhinovirus Infection

scholarly journals Human rhinovirus infection causes different DNA methylation changes in nasal epithelial cells from healthy and asthmatic subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McErlean ◽  
Silvio Favoreto ◽  
Fabricio F Costa ◽  
Junqing Shen ◽  
Jihan Quraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Rhinovirus ◽  
Nasal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Rhinovirus Infection

scholarly journals Berberine and Obatoclax Inhibit SARS-Cov-2 Replication in Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells In Vitro

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Finny S. Varghese ◽  
Esther van Woudenbergh ◽  
Gijs J. Overheul ◽  
Marc J. Eleveld ◽  
Lisa Kurver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Nasal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Human Nasal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Protein ◽  
Air Liquid Interface

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as a new human pathogen in late 2019 and it has infected over 100 million people in less than a year. There is a clear need for effective antiviral drugs to complement current preventive measures, including vaccines. In this study, we demonstrate that berberine and obatoclax, two broad-spectrum antiviral compounds, are effective against multiple isolates of SARS-CoV-2. Berberine, a plant-derived alkaloid, inhibited SARS-CoV-2 at low micromolar concentrations and obatoclax, which was originally developed as an anti-apoptotic protein antagonist, was effective at sub-micromolar concentrations. Time-of-addition studies indicated that berberine acts on the late stage of the viral life cycle. In agreement, berberine mildly affected viral RNA synthesis, but it strongly reduced infectious viral titers, leading to an increase in the particle-to-pfu ratio. In contrast, obatoclax acted at the early stage of the infection, which is in line with its activity to neutralize the acidic environment in endosomes. We assessed infection of primary human nasal epithelial cells that were cultured on an air-liquid interface and found that SARS-CoV-2 infection induced and repressed expression of specific sets of cytokines and chemokines. Moreover, both obatoclax and berberine inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in these primary target cells. We propose berberine and obatoclax as potential antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 that could be considered for further efficacy testing.

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