El Niño and cereal production shortfalls: Policies for resilience and food security in 2016 and beyond

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Cereal Production

Impacts of climate and land use changes on water variability, using a Budyko framework: case study in Gansu, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing He ◽  
Kwok Pan Chun ◽  
Omer Yetemen ◽  
Bastien Dieppois ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Climate Transition ◽  
Water And Food Security

<p>Disentangling the effects of climate and land use changes on regional hydrological conditions is critical for local water and food security. The water variability over climate transition regions at the midlatitudes is sensitive to changes in regional climate and land use. Gansu, located in northwest China, is a midlatitude climate transition region with sharp climate and vegetation gradients. In this study, the effects of climate and land‑use changes on water balances are investigated over Gansu between 1981 and 2015 using a Budyko framework. Results show that there is reduced runoff generation potential over Gansu during 1981 and 2015, especially in the southern part of the region. Based on statistical scaling relationships, local runoff generation potential over Gansu are related to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Intensified El Nino conditions weaken the Asian monsoons, leading to precipitation deficits over Gansu. Moreover, the regional evapotranspiration (ET) is increasing due to the warming temperature. The decreasing precipitation and increasing ET cause the decline of runoff generation potential over Gansu. Using the dynamical downscaling model outputs, the Budyko analysis indicates that increasing coverage of forests and croplands may lead to higher ET and may reduce runoff generation potential over Gansu. Moreover, the contributions of climate variability and land‑use changes vary spatially. In the southwest part of Gansu, the impacts of climate variability on water variations are larger (around 80%) than that of land‑use changes (around 20%), while land use changes are the dominant drivers of water variability in the southeast part of the region. The decline of runoff generation potential reveals a potential risk for local water and food security over Gansu. The water‑resource assessment approach developed in this study is applicable for collaborative planning at other climate transition regions at the midlatitudes with complex climate and land types for the Belt and Road Initiative.</p>

scholarly journals El Nino-Southern Oscillation Influences on Food Security

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Olivia Muza
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Strategic Partnerships

El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most recurrent change in climate impacting agriculture productivity and food security. This study investigates ENSO impacts on four cereal crops (maize, millet, sorghum and wheat) using crop production and climate datasets spanning the years 1960-2015. The results of this study reveal that during El Nino (La Nina) maize, sorghum and wheat production decreases (increases) while that of millet increases (decreases). Even though, the correlation is statistically significant for maize only, the outcome is a call to review the macro-food policy taking into account ENSO-related phase effects to redress food insecurity. The study recommends incentives for agricultural productivity including irrigation intensification and small grain value chain development, trade and food security arrangements, income generation opportunities and strategic partnerships for improved food and nutrition security.

Spatiotemporal vegetation variations and projections driven by atmosphere-ocean oscillations at multiple time scales: a case study in Gansu, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing He ◽  
Kwok Pan Chun ◽  
Xicai Pan ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Pinyu Fan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Central Pacific El Niño ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
The Future ◽  
Water And Food Security

<p>Vegetation is an integrated regional indicator of environmental changes related to soil, water and climate. For investigating climate change impacts on ecosystems, the transition zones of vegetations are natural hotspots of historical variations. As a transition zone between humid and arid climates in the northwest region of China, the terrestrial ecosystems of Gansu vary from dense vegetation landscapes in southeast to deserts in northwest. Exploring spatiotemporal vegetation responses to climate variations over Gansu has a great significance to project shifting northwest China vegetation patterns which affect regional water and food security. In this study, the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation were characterised by using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Between 2001 and 2019, there was a significant increase of the vegetation cover in almost the whole Gansu, and the increasing trend (around 0.015) was more predominant in the southeast part. Over the whole Gansu, especially at the southeast region, the Webster and Yang Monsoon (WYM) and the North Pacific El Nino oscillation (NP) had significant positive relationships with the extent of vegetation coverage at intra-annual and decadal scales respectively. Although the Central Pacific El Nino oscillation (CP) is only a statistically significant variable for some spotty locations of Gansu, it is negatively related to the vegetation variation over the northwest Gansu at an interannual scale. Based on the above relationships between vegetation and climate variables at different temporal scales, the future vegetation conditions of Gansu were projected based on the Beijing Normal University Earth System Model (BNU-ESM) outputs for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. In a short term (the 2020s), vegetations in Gansu would increase because of the warmer temperatures along with possible increasing snowmelt water. However, for longer terms (the 2050s and the 2080s), the regional vegetation would significantly decline for both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, due to the depletion of snowmelt water sources resulted from the continuously increasing temperature and less snow accumulation in the region. The vegetation projections revealed the future desertification risk in Gansu. These results have important implications to water and food security in the vegetation transition zones of northwest China, which is a key region of the One Belt One Road initiative, connecting semi-arid regions of central Asian nations.</p>

scholarly journals Weather patterns, food security and humanitarian response in sub-Saharan Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1463) ◽  
pp. 2169-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghestab Haile
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Sub Saharan

Although considerable achievements in the global reduction of hunger and poverty have been made, progress in Africa so far has been very limited. At present, a third of the African population faces widespread hunger and chronic malnutrition and is exposed to a constant threat of acute food crisis and famine. The most affected are rural households whose livelihood is heavily dependent on traditional rainfed agriculture. Rainfall plays a major role in determining agricultural production and hence the economic and social well being of rural communities. The rainfall pattern in sub-Saharan Africa is influenced by large-scale intra-seasonal and inter-annual climate variability including occasional El Niño events in the tropical Pacific resulting in frequent extreme weather event such as droughts and floods that reduce agricultural outputs resulting in severe food shortages. Households and communities facing acute food shortages are forced to adopt coping strategies to meet the immediate food requirements of their families. These extreme responses may have adverse long-term impacts on households' ability to have sustainable access to food as well as the environment. The HIV/AIDS crisis has also had adverse impacts on food production activities on the continent. In the absence of safety nets and appropriate financial support mechanisms, humanitarian aid is required to enable households effectively cope with emergencies and manage their limited resources more efficiently. Timely and appropriate humanitarian aid will provide households with opportunities to engage in productive and sustainable livelihood strategies. Investments in poverty reduction efforts would have better impact if complemented with timely and predictable response mechanisms that would ensure the protection of livelihoods during crisis periods whether weather or conflict-related. With an improved understanding of climate variability including El Niño, the implications of weather patterns for the food security and vulnerability of rural communities have become more predictable and can be monitored effectively. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how current advances in the understanding of climate variability, weather patterns and food security could contribute to improved humanitarian decision-making. The paper will propose new approaches for triggering humanitarian responses to weather-induced food crises.

Alopecia en el niño

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
K. Legal ◽  
P. Plantin
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino

Alopecia en el niño

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
K. Legal ◽  
P. Plantin
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino

Resección-reconstrucción en tumores óseos malignos en el niño

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
C. Thévenin-Lemoine ◽  
F. Accadbled ◽  
J. Sales de Gauzy
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino
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