Simultaneous Representation of Knowledge and Belief for Epistemic Planning with Belief Revision

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Buckingham ◽  
Daniel Kasenberg ◽  
Matthias Scheutz
Keyword(s):  
Belief Revision ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Transition Functions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
New Information ◽  
Action Language ◽  
True Knowledge ◽  
Simultaneous Representation ◽  
Representation Of Knowledge

We propose a novel approach to the problem of false belief revision in epistemic planning. Our state representations are pointed Kripke models with two binary relations over possible worlds: one representing agents' necessarily true knowledge, and one representing agents' possibly false beliefs. State transition functions maintain S5n properties in the knowledge relation and KD45n properties in the belief relation. When new information contradicts an agent's beliefs, belief revision draws new possible worlds from the agent's knowledge relation. Our method also improves upon prior work by accommodating false announcements. We develop our system as an extension to the mA* action language, presenting transition functions for ontic, sensing, and announcement actions.

scholarly journals Belief Revision Operators with Varying Attitudes Towards Initial Beliefs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Haret ◽  
Stefan Woltran
Keyword(s):  
Decision Theory ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Belief Revision ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Type ◽  
Conservative Attitude

Classical axiomatizations of belief revision include a postulate stating that if new information is consistent with initial beliefs, then revision amounts to simply adding the new information to the original knowledge base. This postulate assumes a conservative attitude towards initial beliefs, in the sense that an agent faced with the need to revise them will seek to preserve initial beliefs as much as possible. In this work we look at operators that can assume different attitudes towards original beliefs. We provide axiomatizations of these operators by varying the aforementioned postulate and obtain representation results that characterize the new types of operators using preorders on possible worlds. We also present concrete examples for each new type of operator, adapting notions from decision theory.

Children change their answers in response to neutral follow-up questions by a knowledgeable asker

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bonawitz ◽  
Patrick Shafto ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
Sophie Elizabeth Colby Bridgers ◽  
Aaron Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Belief Revision ◽  
Correct Answer ◽  
New Information ◽  
Common Practices ◽  
Parent Child

Burgeoning evidence suggests that when children observe data, they use knowledge of the demonstrator’s intent to augment learning. We propose that the effects of social learning may go beyond cases where children observe data, to cases where they receive no new information at all. We present a model of how simply asking a question a second time may lead to belief revision, when the questioner is expected to know the correct answer. We provide an analysis of the CHILDES corpus to show that these neutral follow-up questions are used in parent-child conversations. We then present three experiments investigating 4- and 5-year-old children’s reactions to neutral follow-up questions posed by ignorant or knowledgeable questioners. Children were more likely to change their answers in response to a neutral follow-up question from a knowledgeable questioner than an ignorant one. We discuss the implications of these results in the context of common practices in legal, educational, and experimental psychological settings.

scholarly journals Gastric Cancer Transcription Factors in Patient Reported Outcomes (GCTF-PRO) – Draft proposal

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
New Information ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Predictive Methods ◽  
Draft Proposal ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

The GCTF-PRO seeks to examine the extent gastric cancer patients are tapping into new information particularly outside of conventional healthcare disclosures. Its significance is in assessing dimensions of QOL paradigms that frame statistical power using predictive methods. It seeks to embed evidence-based theories (perceptual and cognitive) to awareness levels in an attempt to bridge the biotechnological advances with prognostic/ diagnostic-related patient satisfactions. At present, it may complement existing GC QOL instruments and offer a novel approach on how cellular level prognoses could possibly correlate with QOL measures.

A study of possible-worlds semantics of relevance-sensitive belief revision

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125-1142
Author(s):  
Theofanis Aravanis ◽  
Pavlos Peppas ◽  
Mary-Anne Williams
Keyword(s):  
Belief Revision ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
Strong Version ◽  
Possible Worlds Semantics ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Natural Connection ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Parikh’s relevance-sensitive axiom (P) for belief revision is open to two different interpretations, i.e. the weak and the strong version of (P), both of which are plausible depending on the context. Given that strong (P) has not received the attention it deserves, in this article, an extended examination of it is conducted. In particular, we point out interesting properties of the semantic characterization of the strong version of (P), as well as a vital feature of it that, potentially, results in a significant drop on the resources required for an implementation of a belief-revision system. Lastly, we shed light on the natural connection between global and local revision functions, via their corresponding semantic characterization, hence, a means for constructing global revision functions from local ones, and vice versa, is provided.

scholarly journals Grey power models based on optimization of initial condition and model parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunchol Jong ◽  
Sifeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
New Information ◽  
Power Models ◽  
Grey Verhulst Model ◽  
Verhulst Model

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel approach to improve prediction accuracy of grey power models including GM(1, 1) and grey Verhulst model. Design/methodology/approach – The modified new models are proposed by optimizing the initial condition and model parameters. The new initial condition consists of the first item and the last item of a sequence generated by applying the first-order accumulative generation operator on the sequence of raw data. Findings – It is shown that the newly modified grey power model is an extension of the previous optimized GM(1, 1) and grey Verhulst model. And the optimized initial condition reflected the principle of new information priority. Practical implications – The result of a numerical example indicates that the modified grey model presented in this paper with better prediction performance. Originality/value – The new initial condition are derived by weighted combination of the first item and the last item. The coefficients of weight obtained by the least square method.

scholarly journals Epistemic-entrenchment Characterization of Parikh’s Axiom

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theofanis Aravanis ◽  
Pavlos Peppas ◽  
Mary-Anne Williams
Keyword(s):  
Belief Revision ◽  
Weak Version ◽  
Epistemic Entrenchment ◽  
New Information ◽  
Additional Constraints ◽  
Belief Set

In this article, we provide the epistemic-entrenchment characterization of the weak version of Parikh’s relevance-sensitive axiom for belief revision — known as axiom (P) — for the general case of incomplete theories. Loosely speaking, axiom (P) states that, if a belief set K can be divided into two disjoint compartments, and the new information φ relates only to the first compartment, then the second compartment should not be affected by the revision of K by φ. The above-mentioned characterization, essentially, constitutes additional constraints on epistemic-entrenchment preorders, that induce AGM revision functions, satisfying the weak version of Parikh’s axiom (P).

APPLICATION OF THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 193-205
Author(s):  
Ljubica Pilepić
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
World Market ◽  
Hotel Management ◽  
Strategy Of Development ◽  
Maximum Profit ◽  
New Information ◽  
Guest Satisfaction ◽  
True Knowledge

The hotel industry is a specific branch of management. In the hotel industry today, the information technology has a major value for the future development of Croatian hotel industry. The place and the function of the information technology in the business strategy of the hotel enterprise determines its accomplishment, success and competition factor in the world market. The strategy of development of new information technology in the hotel management business is the principal factor of business strategy of each hotel enterprise. The large number of data in the hotel information system must be analyzed and changed into "true knowledge" and all this is not possible without existence of professional hotel management. Hotel management utilizes the information technology in order to improve the possibilities of decision making and to increase the guest satisfaction. The hotel management is successful if a high quality hotel product and the maximum profit are realized.

Slow Knowledge

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
New Information ◽  
Western Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
True Knowledge ◽  
Applied Knowledge

Between 1978 and 1984 the Asian Development Bank spent $24 million to improve agriculture on the island of Bali. The target for improvement was an ancient agricultural system organized around 173 village cooperatives linked by a network of temples operated by “water priests” working in service to the water goddess, Dewi Danu, a diety seldom included in the heavenly pantheon of development economists. Not surprisingly, the new plan called for large capital investment to build dams and canals and to purchase pesticides and fertilizers. The plan also included efforts to make idle resources, both the Balinese and their land, productive year-round. Old practices of fallowing were ended, along with community celebrations and rituals. The results were remarkable but inconvenient: yields declined, pests proliferated, and the ancient village society began to unravel. On later examination (Lansing 1991), it turns out that the priests’ role in the religion of Agama Tirtha was that of ecological master planners, whose task it was to keep a finely tuned system operating productively. Western development experts dismantled a system that had worked well for more than a millennium and replaced it with something that did not work at all. The priests have reportedly resumed control. The story is a parable for much of the history of the twentieth century, in which increasingly homogenized knowledge is acquired and used more rapidly and on a larger scale than ever before and often with disastrous and unforeseeable consequences. The twentieth century is the age of fast knowledge driven by rapid technological change and the rise of the global economy. This has undermined communities, cultures, and religions that once slowed the rate of change and filtered appropriate knowledge from the cacophony of new information. The culture of fast knowledge rests on these assumptions:… • Only that which can be measured is true knowledge • The more knowledge we have, the better • Knowledge that lends itself to use is superior to that which is merely contemplative • The scale of effects of applied knowledge is unimportant • There are no significant distinctions between information and knowledge • Wisdom is an undefinable, hence unimportant, category.

scholarly journals Interpretation of benthic foraminiferal stable isotopes in subtidal estuarine environments

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2549-2560 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Diz ◽  
F. J. Jorissen ◽  
G. J. Reichart ◽  
C. Poulain ◽  
F. Dehairs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Lower Estuary ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
New Information ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Stable Isotope Signatures ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Here we present a novel approach for the interpretation of stable isotope signatures recorded in benthic foraminifera from subtidal estuarine environments. The stable isotopic composition (δ18O and δ13C) of living Ammonia tepida and Haynesina germanica is examined at four stations in the Auray River estuary (Gulf of Morbihan, France) sampled in two contrasting seasons, spring 2006 and winter 2007. Comparing benthic foraminiferal δ18O measurements with theoretical oxygen isotopic equilibrium values, calculated on the basis of water temperature and salinity measurements in the upper and lower estuary, i.e., T-S-δ18Oeq. diagrams, strongly suggests that foraminiferal faunas sampled at the four stations calcified during different periods of the year. This interpretation can be refined by using the benthic foraminiferal δ13C, which is mainly determined by the mixing of sea and river water. In the upper estuary foraminifera mainly calcified in early spring and winter, whereas in the lower estuary calcification mainly took place in spring, summer and autumn. This new method provides insight into the complexity of estuarine benthic foraminiferal stable isotope records. In addition, it can also be used to obtain new information on preferred calcification periods of benthic foraminiferal taxa in different parts of the estuary.

On uniform belief revision

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1357-1376
Author(s):  
Theofanis Aravanis
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Belief Revision ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
Belief Change ◽  
Rational Belief ◽  
Iterated Revision ◽  
Interesting Class ◽  
Total Preorder ◽  
Revision Function

Abstract Rational belief-change policies are encoded in the so-called AGM revision functions, defined in the prominent work of Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson. The present article studies an interesting class of well-behaved AGM revision functions, called herein uniform-revision operators (or UR operators, for short). Each UR operator is uniquely defined by means of a single total preorder over all possible worlds, a fact that in turn entails a significantly lower representational cost, relative to an arbitrary AGM revision function, and an embedded solution to the iterated-revision problem, at no extra representational cost. Herein, we first demonstrate how weaker, more expressive—yet, more representationally expensive—types of uniform revision can be defined. Furthermore, we prove that UR operators, essentially, generalize a significant type of belief change, namely, parametrized-difference revision. Lastly, we show that they are (to some extent) relevance-sensitive, as well as that they respect the so-called principle of kinetic consistency.

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