scholarly journals A Polynomial-time, Truthful, Individually Rational and Budget Balanced Ridesharing Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Iwase ◽  
Sebastian Stein ◽  
Enrico H. Gerding
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Polynomial Time ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
The Right

Ridesharing has great potential to improve transportation efficiency while reducing congestion and pollution. To realize this potential, mechanisms are needed that allocate vehicles optimally and provide the right incentives to riders. However, many existing approaches consider restricted settings (e.g., only one rider per vehicle or a common origin for all riders). Moreover, naive applications of standard approaches, such as the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves or greedy mechanisms, cannot achieve a polynomial-time, truthful, individually rational and budget balanced mechanism. To address this, we formulate a general ridesharing problem and apply mechanism design to develop a novel mechanism which satisfies all four properties and whose social cost is within 8.6% of the optimal on average.

Register machine proof of the theorem on exponential diophantine representation of enumerable sets

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 818-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Jones ◽  
Y. V. Matijasevič
Keyword(s):  
Natural Number ◽  
Polynomial Time ◽  
Simple Proof ◽  
Diophantine Equations ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Exponential Diophantine Equations ◽  
Recursively Enumerable ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
Exponential Relation

The purpose of the present paper is to give a new, simple proof of the theorem of M. Davis, H. Putnam and J. Robinson [1961], which states that every recursively enumerable relation A(a1, …, an) is exponential diophantine, i.e. can be represented in the formwhere a1 …, an, x1, …, xm range over natural numbers and R and S are functions built up from these variables and natural number constants by the operations of addition, A + B, multiplication, AB, and exponentiation, AB. We refer to the variables a1,…,an as parameters and the variables x1 …, xm as unknowns.Historically, the Davis, Putnam and Robinson theorem was one of the important steps in the eventual solution of Hilbert's tenth problem by the second author [1970], who proved that the exponential relation, a = bc, is diophantine, and hence that the right side of (1) can be replaced by a polynomial equation. But this part will not be reproved here. Readers wishing to read about the proof of that are directed to the papers of Y. Matijasevič [1971a], M. Davis [1973], Y. Matijasevič and J. Robinson [1975] or C. Smoryński [1972]. We concern ourselves here for the most part only with exponential diophantine equations until §5 where we mention a few consequences for the class NP of sets computable in nondeterministic polynomial time.

scholarly journals Polynomial Identification of $$\omega $$-Automata

2020 ◽  
pp. 325-343
Author(s):  
Dana Angluin ◽  
Dana Fisman ◽  
Yaara Shoval
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Time ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Characteristic Sample ◽  
Identification In The Limit ◽  
The Right

Abstract We study identification in the limit using polynomial time and data for models of $$\omega $$-automata. On the negative side we show that non-deterministic $$\omega $$-automata (of types Büchi, coBüchi, Parity or Muller) can not be polynomially learned in the limit. On the positive side we show that the $$\omega $$-language classes $$\mathbb {IB}$$, $$\mathbb {IC}$$, $$\mathbb {IP}$$, and $$\mathbb {IM}$$ that are defined by deterministic Büchi, coBüchi, parity, and Muller acceptors that are isomorphic to their right-congruence automata (that is, the right congruences of languages in these classes are fully informative) are identifiable in the limit using polynomial time and data. We further show that for these classes a characteristic sample can be constructed in polynomial time.

scholarly journals Common origin of the coronary arteries from the right sinus with intramyocardial course of the anterior descent artery

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Kaiser Ururahy Nunes Fonseca ◽  
Lucas de Pádua Gomes de Farias ◽  
Bruna Melo Coelho Loureiro ◽  
Daniel Giunchetti Strabelli ◽  
Nevelton Heringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
The Right

Cost-Sharing Mechanism Design for Social Cost Minimization in Ridesharing Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 277-289
Author(s):  
Yangsu Liu ◽  
Chaoli Zhang ◽  
Zhenzhe Zheng ◽  
Guihai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Cost Minimization

scholarly journals Myths of the state in the West European Middle Ages

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
Lennart Ejerfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The State ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
The West ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

In the first centuries of the barbarian kingdoms the most striking feature is the gens, the tribe, as the principle of unity, even if the ethnic homogeneity often was missing. The myth of the Germanic State of the early Middle Ages was in the first place a myth of the common origin of the gens.These histories of tribal origins have some times been influenced by powerful Ancient literary patterns, especially the Trojan myth of Virgil. But the concern of presenting the origin of the gens in mythical form is no doubt Germanic. And it seems probable that the tribal origins are more ancient than the genealogies of royal families with alleged divine ancestors. The kingship among the Germanic tribes was secondary in relation to the tribe. The king was rex Francorum; the king of a certain country or geographic territory is a later conception. The power comes from below; the king is an exponent of the tribe. All the Germanic words for "king" are derivations from terms for "kin, people, tribe." The limitation of the power of the king is also indicated by institutions like the right to resistence, the possibility to depose the king, the participation by all free men in the judicial and criminal procedure through self-help and blood feud.

scholarly journals Gender Specificity in Democratic Elections: International Implementability as an Exemplary for Indonesian Political Landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Sekar Anggun Gading Pinilih
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
The State ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Legal Construction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Democratic Elections

Women's participation in the electoral field is very important to be guaranteed by the state. In practice, there is often an imbalance in the number of female and male members. There needs to be a special policy to accommodate women's rights in these elections. This paper aims to examine how the legal construction in the electoral field is responsive to the right of women to participate. The method of approach used in this study is the socio-legal approach. The results found that the legal construction of gender justice-based elections to the electoral system is by increasing women's representation through the zipper system or alternating position between men and women in elections. In addition, this mechanism should be mutually agreed upon in various technical arrangements to implement this mechanism design.

scholarly journals Towards a Synthesis of Semi-Input-Output and Little-Mirrlees: A Social Cost-Benefit Analysis with Multiplier Effects of An Irrigation Project in Northwest Malaysia

1979 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-185
Author(s):  
Clive Bell ◽  
Siiantayanan Devarajan
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Shadow Prices ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
The Right

An investment project has effects on the incomes of households, firms and government , not only directly through the value added produced by the project it9Cif, but also by inducing additional output through inter-industry linkages and expenditures out of the extra incomes accruing to its beneficiaries. The latter, sometimes called the "multiplier" or "downstream" effects of a project , have been discussed in some of the recent literature on social cost benefit analysis [6, II]. These contributions have been concerned with the "multiplier" or "downstream" effects of projects, and with the derivation of shadow prices which capture all such effects in full. If these shadow prices are correctly calculated, so it is asserted, then valuing a project 's direct inputs and outputs at these prices yields the right measure of its social profitability . This approach is in the spirit of, and consistent with , that of the various manuals on social cost• benefit analysis [9. 13, 16] .

scholarly journals DISPLACED BY DEVELOPMENT: ANALYSIS ON THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE PRINCIPLE OF PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTY OVER NATURAL RESOURCES

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Cristiane Derani ◽  
Ligia Ribeiro Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
International Law ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Important Principle ◽  
Right To Development ◽  
The Right ◽  
Development Analysis

The forced displacement of people, so frequent nowadays, can be analyzed from different aspects, from its motivation to the responsibility that it generates. Changes to the environment through large development projects promote the emergence of what is understood as the "displaced by development”, a social cost that is undervalued comparing to the benefits of the economic gains. In order to analyze the reasons for that displacement, this paper aims at studying the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources as an important principle of International Law and it also aims at combining it to the evolution of the Right to Development, from an economistic perspective to a humanistic rationality. Highlighting these principles brings up the discussion of the legal status of those who become vulnerable in face of the development process: the displaced ones. The paper concludes that making their rights a core element can help putting into practice the ethical precepts of the development process for it to be seen as an opportunity for the expansion of human freedom.

Left is Better Than Right for Reducing Nondeterminism of NFAs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sang-Ki Ko ◽  
Yo-Sub Han
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Equivalence Class ◽  
Polynomial Time ◽  
Minimization Problem ◽  
The Right ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence ◽  
Better Than

We study the NFA reductions by invariant equivalences and preorders. It is well-known that the NFA minimization problem is PSPACE-complete. Therefore, there have been many approaches to reduce the size of NFAs in low polynomial time by computing invariant equivalence or preorder relation and merging the states within same equivalence class. Here we consider the nondeterminism reduction of NFAs by invariant equivalences and preorders. We, in particular, show that computing equivalence and preorder relation from the left is more useful than the right for reducing the degree of nondeterminism in NFAs. We also present experimental evidence for showing that NFA reduction from the left achieves the better reduction of nondeterminism than reduction from the right.

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