scholarly journals The development of the conditions for vortioxetine isolation from biological fluids

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
S. Baiurka ◽  
S. Karpushina ◽  
S. Merzlikin
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Toxicological Significance

The chemical-toxicological significance of antidepressant drugs is steadily increasing. The development of effective methods of the sample preparation of the biological material is an important analytical aspect in toxicology of the newgeneration antidepressants. Aim. To develop the conditions for the sample preparation of biological fluids in order use them in the chemicaltoxicological analysis of the new antidepressant vortioxetine. Materials and methods. The studies were performed with model blood and urine samples spiked with vortioxetine. When examining the blood the formed blood elements were pre-precipitated by adding 10 % solution of trichloroacetic acid. The extraction purification was performed with hexane at pH 1-2, and the drug was extracted from the biologicalfluids with methylene chloride at pH 8-9. The extracts obtained were further subjected to TLC purification. Vortioxetine in eluates from chromatograms was determined by the UV-spectrophotometric method. Results and discussion. The Rf value of vortioxetine in the mobile phase of ethyl acetate-methanol-25 % ammonium hydroxide solution (85 : 10 : 5) was 0.77 ± 0.05. The UV spectra of the eluates from the chromatograms had absorption maxima at the wavelengths of 229 ± 2 and 232 ± 2 nm and matched with the UV spectrum of the standard solution of vortioxetine in methanol. The quantitative determination was performed at λmax232 nm by the equation of the calibration curve y = (0.0172 ± 3 · 10-4)x + (0.027 ± 0.008). Under the conditions of the sample preparation developed 27 ± 1 % of vortioxetine from the blood and 62 ± 2 % of the drug from the urine were isolated. Conclusions. The efficiency of the sample preparation of biological fluids by the method of liquid-liquid extraction in relation to the new antidepressant vortioxetine has been determined. The methods developed are recommended for use in forensic and clinical toxicology.

scholarly journals The Use of Infrared Spectrophotometry for Measuring Body Water Spaces

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Jennings ◽  
Leslie Bluck ◽  
Antony Wright ◽  
Marinos Elia
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Novel Algorithm

Abstract Background: The conventional method of measuring total body water by the deuterium isotope dilution method uses gas isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), which is both expensive and time-consuming. We investigated an alternative method, using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), which uses less expensive instrumentation and requires little sample preparation. Method: Total body water measurements in human subjects were made by obtaining plasma, saliva, and urine samples before and after oral dosing with 1.5 mol of deuterium oxide. The enrichments of the body fluids were determined from the FTIR spectra in the range 1800–2800 cm−1, using a novel algorithm for estimation of instrumental response, and by IRMS for comparison. Results: The CV (n = 5) for repeat determinations of deuterium oxide in biological fluids and calibrator solutions (400–1000 μmol/mol) was found to be in the range 0.1–0.9%. The use of the novel algorithm instead of the integration routines supplied with the instrument gave at least a threefold increase in precision, and there was no significant difference between the results obtained with FTIR and those obtained with IRMS. Conclusion: This improved infrared method for measuring deuterium enrichment in plasma and saliva requires no sample preparation, is rapid, and has potential value to the clinician.

scholarly journals Chemical and Toxicological Analysis of Antiretroviral Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
T. N. Komarov ◽  
M. V. Belova ◽  
D. D. Stolyarova ◽  
I. E. Shohin ◽  
D. S. Bogdanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Relevant Today

Introduction. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the main socially significant infection all over the world. HIV-positive patients take medical care, including antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) pharmacotherapy. Like all drugs, ARVs have lots of side effects that should be taken when prescribing drugs as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy. There are many cases when side effects of ARVs caused patients to enter the toxicology department. Therefore, the development of new methods for the analysis of ARV in biological fluids for the timely diagnosis of treatment of poisoning of this group of drugs is relevant today.Aim. The aim of this study is development of screening analysis of atazanavir, abacavir, nevirapine, ritonavir, lopinavir, zidovudine, darunavir and efavirenz in the urine to identify these drugs as possible toxicants for poisoning by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem massselective detection (HPLC-MS/MS).Materials and methods. Identification of ARV was performed by HPLC-MS/MS. Methanol precipitation method was used as a sample preparation.Results and discussion. The optimal conditions for sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and mass-spectrometric detection were selected to determine the studied ARVs. This method was tested on urine samples from patients in the Department of Acute Poisoning and Somatopsychiatric Disorders (OOSPD) with acute ARV poisoning.Conclusion. This screening method for analyse atazanavir, abacavir, nevirapine, ritonavir, lopinavir, zidovudine, darunavir and efavirenz in human urine has been developed by HPLC-MS/MS. The developed method can be used to identify these drugs as possible toxicants in case of poisoning. The prospect for the development of the topic is the inclusion of new molecules in the method and quantitative determination of the studied ARVs. 

scholarly journals Cannabis Yield Increased Proportionally With Light Intensity, but Additional Ultraviolet Radiation Did Not Affect Yield or Cannabinoid Content

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Llewellyn ◽  
Scott Golem ◽  
Elizabeth Foley ◽  
Steve Dinka ◽  
Max Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Neutral Form ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
The Impact

Cannabis (Cannabis Sativa L.) is now legally produced in many regions worldwide. Cannabis flourishes under high light intensities (LI); making it an expensive commodity to grow in controlled environments, despite its exceptionally high market value. It is commonly believed that cannabis secondary metabolite levels may be enhanced both by increasing LI and by exposing crops to ultraviolet radiation (UV). However, there is sparse scientific evidence to guide cultivators. Therefore, the impact of LI and UV on yield and quality must be elucidated to enable cultivators to optimize their lighting protocols. We explored the effects of LI, ranging from 350 to 1400 μmol m-2 s-1 and supplemental UV spectra on cannabis yield and potency. There were no spectrum effects on inflorescence yield, but harvest index under UVA+UVB was reduced slightly (1.6%) vs. the control. Inflorescence yield increased linearly from 19.4 to 57.4 g/plant and harvest index increased from 0.565 to 0.627, as LI increased from 350 to 1400 μmol m-2 s-1. Although there were no UV spectrum effects on total equivalent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (T-THC) content in leaves, the neutral form, THC, was 30% higher in UVA+UVB vs. control. While there were no LI effects on inflorescence T-THC content, the content of the acid form (THCA) increased by 20% and total terpenes content decreased by 20% as LI increased from 350 to 1400 μmol m-2 s-1. High LI can substantially increase cannabis yield and quality, but we found no commercially-relevant benefits of adding supplemental UV radiation to indoor cannabis production.

Emission Spectrometric Determination of Trace Elements in Biological Fluids

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Niedermeier ◽  
James H. Griggs ◽  
Richard S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Dc Arc

An emission spectrometric method of analysis is described, in which trace quantities of copper, iron, aluminum, barium, manganese, nickel, cesium, tin, strontium, chromium, zinc, lead, molybdenum, and cadmium were determined in blood serum. The sample preparation, starting with 2.0 ml of blood serum, is discussed in detail. The source of excitation was a 10 A dc arc. Quantitation was achieved with a direct reading emission spectrometer. The metal concentration, in micrograms per 100 ml of blood serum, was calculated from the experimental data by means of a computer.

Mannitol estimation in biological fluids by gas-liquid chromatography of trimethylsilyl derivatives.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
M F Laker ◽  
J N Mount
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Height Measurement ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Derivatives

Abstract We describe a procedure for estimating mannitol concentrations in biological fluids. Samples are mixed with internal standard solution (alpha-methylglucose), deproteinized if necessary, desalted, and dried. Specimens are then derivatized by adding pyridine/bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide/trimethylchlorosilane and heating at 60 degrees C for 30 min. Samples are chromatographed on a 275-cm column of 10% OV-17, operated at 190 degrees C, and quantitated by peak-height measurement. The technique is linear, accurate, precise, sensitive, and free from interference. It has been used to measure mannitol in plasma, urine, and bile.

scholarly journals The circumstellar matter in the Be + K binary KX and seen in the uv spectra

1987 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 493-495
Author(s):  
S. Štefl
Keyword(s):  
Circumstellar Matter ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Be Stars ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Spectroscopic Characteristics ◽  
Dependent Behaviour

KX And (HD 218393) belongs to well-known and often observed Be stars. The periodicity of spectroscopic characteristics as well as other observations led to the conclusion that the star is a peculiar interacting binary (Harmanec et al. 1980). The aim of this paper is to present the phase-dependent behaviour of the UV spectrum of the star.

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