scholarly journals QUALITY OF GREYWATER IN OMAN AND ITS TREATMENT USING A SUSTAINABLE SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMED F. M. ABUSHAMMALA ◽  
WAJEEHA A. QAZI ◽  
MOHAMMED FAHAD ABDUL LATIF
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable System

scholarly journals Supplementary physicians’ fees: a sustainable system?

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Calcoen ◽  
Wynand P. M. M. van de Ven
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Total Health Expenditure ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Perceived Quality Of Care ◽  
Sustainable System

AbstractIn Belgium and France, physicians can charge a supplementary fee on top of the tariff set by the mandatory basic health insurance scheme. In both countries, the supplementary fee system is under pressure because of financial sustainability concerns and a lack of added value for the patient. Expenditure on supplementary fees is increasing much faster than total health expenditure. So far, measures taken to curb this trend have not been successful. For certain categories of physicians, supplementary fees represent one-third of total income. For patients, however, the added value of supplementary fees is not that clear. Supplementary fees can buy comfort and access to physicians who refuse to treat patients who are not willing to pay supplementary fees. Perceived quality of care plays an important role in patients’ willingness to pay supplementary fees. Today, there is no evidence that physicians who charge supplementary fees provide better quality of care than physicians who do not. However, linking supplementary fees to objectively proven quality of care and limiting access to top quality care to patients able and willing to pay supplementary fees might not be socially acceptable in many countries. Our conclusion is that supplementary physicians’ fees are not sustainable.

Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Computer Information Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. McDermid ◽  
Linda J Kristjanson ◽  
Nigel Spry
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Tablet Computers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Computer Information Systems ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Sustainable System

This study explores the issues and barriers to developing a sustainable system for the collection of quality of life data in hospitals. A set of sustainability factors was identified and tested in a study that introduced tablet computers to collect questionnaires from cancer patients. These factors are considered a good starting point for practitioners and researchers to use in other IT contexts if they wish to develop sustainable information systems.

scholarly journals The Development of Tourism Entrepreneurship for Community Based Tourism in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 3870-3874
Author(s):  
Suppamas Rattanapipat Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
System Management ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Community Tourism ◽  
Sustainable System ◽  
Tourism Services

The research aims to emphasize the entrepreneurship in community tourism development and to identify guideline of enhancing tourism entrepreneurship for community based tourism of Thailand. The research design was quantitative research. The samples consisted of 175 people living in the community, entrepreneurs in the community, government officials, folk philosopher, and community leaders who have tourism operations. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The major findings showed that an approach in the development of tourism entrepreneurship adhering to Community Based Tourism should focus on the development of 5 groups, namely 1) Community-based tourism management 2) Economic society and quality of life management 3) Conservation and promotion of community cultural heritage 4) A sustainable system management of natural resources and the environment and 5) Community based tourism services. This result shows the importance of entrepreneurial tourism for Community Based Tourism. It is essential reading for both tourism and entrepreneurship

Quality in the macroeconomic system of tourism

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Manente ◽  
Maria Carla Furlan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Final Consumption ◽  
Sustainable System ◽  
The Impact

The authors' approach to quality is in contrast to the usual view found in economics. They analyse the quality of tourism as a system which includes final consumption, product‐based market services, the natural environment and cultural resources at no cost, and the impact of the local society, all from the macroeconomic point of view. They point out that if optimal use is to be made of resources in the sense of achieving sustainable system quality, this use must be compatible with carrying capacity.

scholarly journals Bioindication assessment of the waters of the Chernaya River

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
A. K. Jiyenbekov ◽  
S. B. Nurashov ◽  
E. S. Sametova ◽  
G. B. Dzhumakhanova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Funding Program ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Sustainable System ◽  
Bioindication Methods

The purpose of the current study was to identify the species indicators of the communities of the ChernayaRiver and to assess the water quality by bioindication methods. During the summer field trips in 2019–2020 on the territoryof the Zhongar–Alatau Natural State Reserve within the framework of the special purpose funding program № BR05236546“Implementation by the state botanical gardens of the priority scientific and practical tasks of the global strategy for plantconservation as a sustainable system for maintaining biodiversity” (head, Dr. G. T. Sitpayeva). In the course of the study,algae were sampled from the Chernaya River, and their species composition was studied A total of 94 species and varietiesof algae from four divisions were found. Analysis of indicator types by water properties: temperature, oxygen saturation,organic pollution, salinity, trophic state of water and the type of nutrition of algae species has been revealed. This was thefirst experience of implementing a bioindication approach to the environmental assessment of the water quality of thisriver. The most significant types of diatoms strongly predominated in different studied places of the river. It was revealedthat the algae species can characterize the composition of the river as slightly alkaline, slightly saline, moderate, medium –acidified water with low organic pollution. Algae communities are mainly represented by benthic and planktonic – benthicautotrophic species. Statistical analysis of species – mediated relationships has shown that most species prefer to survive incommunities with complex structures formed in poorly polluted organic waters.

scholarly journals Health Care Redesign for Responsive Behaviours—The Behavioural Supports Ontario Experience: Lessons Learned and Keys to Success

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Gutmanis ◽  
Matt Snyder ◽  
David Harvey ◽  
Loretta M. Hillier ◽  
J. Kenneth LeClair
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
System Change ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
Sustainable System

Our health care system is ill prepared for the growing number of older adults and their families/caregivers who live with responsive behaviours associated with cognitive impairment. Considering the burden of illness, quality of life issues, and escalating costs, system-wide redesign is warranted. The Behavioural Supports Ontario (BSO) project is a province-wide, regionally implemented, evidence-informed change strategy that utilizes quality improvement principles and knowledge translation best practices as critical enablers. This paper describes the project and key lessons learned in the implementation of this initiative that can be applied to other jurisdictions wishing to enable large-scale system redesign and sustainable system change.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

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