scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES AND NUMERICAL MODELS TO DETECT POLLUTANT EMISSION IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUIDO MARSEGLIA ◽  
CARLO MARIA MEDAGLIA ◽  
FRANCISCO ALONSO ORTEGA ◽  
JUAN A. MESA ◽  
DAVID CANCA
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Transport Sector

scholarly journals Online Monitoring System of Air Distribution in Pulverized Coal-Fired Boiler Based on Numerical Modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Żymełka ◽  
Daniel Nabagło ◽  
Tomasz Janda ◽  
Paweł Madejski
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Online Monitoring System

Abstract Balanced distribution of air in coal-fired boiler is one of the most important factors in the combustion process and is strongly connected to the overall system efficiency. Reliable and continuous information about combustion airflow and fuel rate is essential for achieving optimal stoichiometric ratio as well as efficient and safe operation of a boiler. Imbalances in air distribution result in reduced boiler efficiency, increased gas pollutant emission and operating problems, such as corrosion, slagging or fouling. Monitoring of air flow trends in boiler is an effective method for further analysis and can help to appoint important dependences and start optimization actions. Accurate real-time monitoring of the air distribution in boiler can bring economical, environmental and operational benefits. The paper presents a novel concept for online monitoring system of air distribution in coal-fired boiler based on real-time numerical calculations. The proposed mathematical model allows for identification of mass flow rates of secondary air to individual burners and to overfire air (OFA) nozzles. Numerical models of air and flue gas system were developed using software for power plant simulation. The correctness of the developed model was verified and validated with the reference measurement values. The presented numerical model for real-time monitoring of air distribution is capable of giving continuous determination of the complete air flows based on available digital communication system (DCS) data.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamics of Biomimetic Marine Propulsion and Trends in Computational Simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
M. I. Lamas ◽  
C. G. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Fish Movements ◽  
Marine Propulsion

The aim of the present paper is to provide the state of the works in the field of hydrodynamics and computational simulations to analyze biomimetic marine propulsors. Over the last years, many researchers postulated that some fish movements are more efficient and maneuverable than traditional rotary propellers, and the most relevant marine propulsors which mimic fishes are shown in the present work. Taking into account the complexity and cost of some experimental setups, numerical models offer an efficient, cheap, and fast alternative tool to analyze biomimetic marine propulsors. Besides, numerical models provide information that cannot be obtained using experimental techniques. Since the literature about trends in computational simulations is still scarce, this paper also recalls the hydrodynamics of the swimming modes occurring in fish and summarizes the more relevant lines of investigation of computational models.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF PIEZOELECTRIC/FERROELECTRIC AND SOFT FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS WITH DEFECTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 4643-4648
Author(s):  
A. K. SOH ◽  
K. L. LEE ◽  
Y. C. SONG ◽  
D. N. FANG
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramic ◽  
Ferromagnetic Materials ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Nano Composites ◽  
Fracture Criteria ◽  
Deformation And Fracture ◽  
Soft Ferromagnetic

A number of studies have been carried out on deformation and fracture analyses of piezoelectric/ferroelectric materials using experimental techniques. Extensive tests, including micro- and nano-indentations on ferroelectric ceramic nano-composites, have been performed to produce results for verification of the existing theoretical/numerical models, in particular the reliability and accuracy of the existing fracture criteria. Some research has also been carried out on deformation and fracture analyses of soft ferromagnetic materials using experimental techniques.

scholarly journals Overall Performance Evaluation of Small Scale LNG Production Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alessandra Ancona ◽  
Michele Bianchi ◽  
Lisa Branchini ◽  
Francesco Catena ◽  
Andrea De Pascale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Port Area

The liquefied natural gas (LNG) is considered a viable solution to replace oil-based engines (common in heavy-duty truck and naval industry) reducing the environmental impact in the transport sector. Since liquefaction plants represent energy intensive processes, the best configurations/operation assessment is of primary importance. In this paper, a novel general procedure for the thermodynamic design and optimization, engineering design and off-design evaluation for small-scale LNG production systems is presented. The procedure can be used for the complete design and performance evaluation of plug & play facilities at filling stations for vehicles/boats, with the contemporary benefits of reducing pollutant emission in the city/port area and operating as electrical storage, coupled with renewable generators. Furthermore, the procedure has been applied to a case study (ferry boat operating at the main canal in the port of Ravenna, Italy), evaluating the optimal size for the integrated wind plant by minimizing the electricity introduction into the grid. The obtained results show 78 kW as optimal wind size, allowing the LNG plant to operate 187 h/year in design and 4720 h/year in off-design conditions, with electricity surplus around 33 MWh/year. A prototype will be installed to reduce pollutant emissions and test this technology as a storage option for renewable sources.

scholarly journals ICE Relevant Physical-chemical Properties and Air Pollutant Emission of Renewable Transport Fuels from Different Generations – An Overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Szabados ◽  
Jan Knaup ◽  
Ákos Bereczky
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Fuel Demand ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
First And Second Generation

The fuel demand in transport sector seems to be raised on a short and also on a long term base in the European Union and worldwide as well. A constantly growing trend is foreseen through 2050 worldwide as for using bio-based energy or fuels. Questions can arise before using these kinds of fuels in connection with the use of clean water or in terms of soil degradation, plant nutrients. It is also questionable whether they can be useful regarding their usage. First-, and second generation liquid as well as third generation gaseous bio-based fuels will be in focus in this article. They will be analyzed from physical-chemical properties and pollutant emission points of view.

Combining experimental techniques with non-linear numerical models to assess the sorption of pesticides on soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 129-130 ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoi Magga ◽  
Dimitra N. Tzovolou ◽  
Maria A. Theodoropoulou ◽  
Christos D. Tsakiroglou
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Non Linear

scholarly journals ATTEMPTS TO REDUCE BIODIESEL BLENDS NOX POLLUTANT EMISSIONS BY ULTRASONIC CONDITIONING

Transport ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Florin Mariasiu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Injection Process

The conditions imposed by the renewable energy Directive 2009/28/EC make it mandatory for EU member countries to ensure that by 2020 fossil fuels used in the transport sector contain a 10% component of biofuel. The 10% limit is based on results of experiments conducted by engine manufacturers and researchers in the biofuels domain, which show that this percentage can be used in IC engines without major technical changes to equipment and engine systems. Taking into account that increasing the percentage of biodiesel in blends results in significant reductions of CO2 emissions, an immediate way to surpass the 10% limit is to carry out external and/or internal processes that will act on the physico-chemical properties of those biofuels. This paper presents data and results from experiments examining the process of ultrasonic irradiation of rapeseed oil methyl ester type biodiesel. The results show the effects of the irradiation process on biodiesel physical parameters such as density, kinematic viscosity, speed of sound through the medium, and isentropic bulk modulus. The values of these parameters directly influence the operation, performance and pollutant emissions of diesel engines. Primary results obtained demonstrate the possibilities of using what we call here the B25 blend with low-cost procedures and without major technical intervention in the equipment used to construct diesel engines. Two parameters important for the injection process (kinematic viscosity and density) show equal values for B25Us_irr ultrasonically irradiated for 350 seconds and diesel fuel ultrasonically irradiated for 420 seconds. The range of the achieved NOx pollutant emission reduction was between 18.2% for the ultrasonically irradiated blend B25Us_irr (no load) and 1.4% for the ultrasonically irradiated blend B100Us_irr (100% load), when compared with untreated basic biodiesel.

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