scholarly journals Influence of the final drive ratio, electric motor size and battery capacity on fuel consumption of a parallel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Torres ◽  
B. Bader ◽  
J. L. Romeral ◽  
G. Lux ◽  
J. A. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Final Drive

An adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy considering catalyst temperature for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110434
Author(s):  
Tao Deng ◽  
Ke Zhao ◽  
Haoyuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Catalyst Temperature ◽  
Equivalent Factor ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy

In the process of sufficiently considering fuel economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), the working time of engine will be reduced accordingly. The increased frequency that the three-way catalytic converter (TWCC) works in abnormal operating temperature will lead to the increasing of emissions. This paper proposes the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) to ensure the catalyst temperature of PHEV can work in highly efficient areas, and the influence of catalyst temperature on fuel economy and emissions is considered. The simulation results show that the fixed equivalent factor of ECMS has great limitations for the underutilized battery power and the poor fuel economy. In order to further reduce fuel consumption and keep the emission unchanged, an equivalent factor map based on initial state of charge (SOC) and vehicle mileage is established by the genetic algorithm. Furthermore, an Adaptive changing equivalent factor is achieved by using the following strategy of SOC trajectory. Ultimately, adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) considering catalyst temperature is proposed. The simulation results show that compared with ordinary ECMS, HC, CO, and NOX are reduced by 14.6%, 20.3%, and 25.8%, respectively, which effectively reduces emissions. But the fuel consumption is increased by only 2.3%. To show that the proposed method can be used in actual driving conditions, it is tested on the World Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTC).

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of the Battery Model for Model Predictive Control: Implementable to a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Sockeel ◽  
Jian Shi ◽  
Masood Shahverdi ◽  
Michael Mazzola
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Battery Model ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Developing an efficient online predictive modeling system (PMS) is a major issue in the field of electrified vehicles as it can help reduce fuel consumption, greenhouse gasses (GHG) emission, but also the aging of power-train components, such as the battery. For this manuscript, a model predictive control (MPC) has been considered as PMS. This control design has been defined as an optimization problem that uses the projected system behaviors over a finite prediction horizon to determine the optimal control solution for the current time instant. In this manuscript, the MPC controller intents to diminish simultaneously the battery aging and the equivalent fuel consumption. The main contribution of this manuscript is to evaluate numerically the impacts of the vehicle battery model on the MPC optimal control solution when the plug hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is in the battery charge sustaining mode. Results show that the higher fidelity model improves the capability of accurately predicting the battery aging.

Technological analysis and fuel consumption saving potential of different gas turbine thermodynamic configurations for series hybrid electric vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. 1544-1562
Author(s):  
Wissam Bou Nader ◽  
Yuan Cheng ◽  
Emmanuel Nault ◽  
Alexandre Reine ◽  
Samer Wakim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Technological Analysis

Gas turbine systems are among potential energy converters to substitute the internal combustion engine as auxiliary power unit in future series hybrid electric vehicle powertrains. Fuel consumption of these auxiliary power units in the series hybrid electric vehicle strongly relies on the energy converter efficiency and power-to-weight ratio as well as on the energy management strategy deployed on-board. This paper presents a technological analysis and investigates the potential of fuel consumption savings of a series hybrid electric vehicle using different gas turbine–system thermodynamic configurations. These include a simple gas turbine, a regenerative gas turbine, an intercooler regenerative gas turbine, and an intercooler regenerative reheat gas turbine. An energetic and technological analysis is conducted to identify the systems’ efficiency and power-to-weight ratio for different operating temperatures. A series hybrid electric vehicle model is developed and the different gas turbine–system configurations are integrated as auxiliary power units. A bi-level optimization method is proposed to optimize the powertrain. It consists of coupling the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to the dynamic programming to minimize the fuel consumption and the number of switching ON/OFF of the auxiliary power unit, which impacts its durability. Fuel consumption simulations are performed on the worldwide-harmonized light vehicles test cycle while considering the electric and thermal comfort vehicle energetic needs. Results show that the intercooler regenerative reheat gas turbine–auxiliary power unit presents an improved fuel consumption compared with the other investigated gas turbine systems and a good potential for implementation in series hybrid electric vehicles.

scholarly journals Research on energy management strategy considering battery life for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 168781401879776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Hu ◽  
Zhihua Hu ◽  
Xiyuan Niu ◽  
Qin Bai
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Comprehensive Test ◽  
Hybrid Electric

To improve the fuel efficiency and battery life-span of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, the energy management strategy considering battery life decay is proposed. This strategy is optimized by genetic algorithm, aiming to reduce the fuel consumption and battery life decay of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. Besides, to acquire better drive-cycle adaptability, driving patterns are recognized with probabilistic neural network. The standard driving cycles are divided into urban congestion cycle, highway cycle, and urban suburban cycle; the optimized energy management strategies in three representative driving cycles are established; meanwhile, a comprehensive test driving cycle is constructed to verify the proposed strategies. The results show that adopting the optimized control strategies, fuel consumption, and battery’s life decay drop by 1.9% and 3.2%, respectively. While using the drive-cycle recognition, the features of different driving cycles can be identified, and based on it, the vehicle can choose appropriate control strategy in different driving conditions. In the comprehensive test driving cycle, after recognizing driving cycles, fuel consumption and battery’s life decay drop by 8.6% and 0.3%, respectively.

scholarly journals Enhanced Q-learning for real-time hybrid electric vehicle energy management with deterministic rule

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1493-1503
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Jili Tao ◽  
Liang Xie ◽  
Ridong Zhang ◽  
Longhua Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Allocation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Power allocation plays an important and challenging role in fuel cell and supercapacitor hybrid electric vehicle because it influences the fuel economy significantly. We present a novel Q-learning strategy with deterministic rule for real-time hybrid electric vehicle energy management between the fuel cell and the supercapacitor. The Q-learning controller (agent) observes the state of charge of the supercapacitor, provides the energy split coefficient satisfying the power demand, and obtains the corresponding rewards of these actions. By processing the accumulated experience, the agent learns an optimal energy control policy by iterative learning and maintains the best Q-table with minimal fuel consumption. To enhance the adaptability to different driving cycles, the deterministic rule is utilized as a complement to the control policy so that the hybrid electric vehicle can achieve better real-time power allocation. Simulation experiments have been carried out using MATLAB and Advanced Vehicle Simulator, and the results prove that the proposed method minimizes the fuel consumption while ensuring less and current fluctuations of the fuel cell.

Design and Analysis of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle for Indian Conditions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Nanda Kumar ◽  
Shankar C. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Electric and hybrid vehicles are emerging rapidly in the automotive market as alternatives to the traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) driven vehicles to meet stringent emission standards, environmental and energy concerns. Recently, Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have been introduced in many countries including India. One configuration of a HEV is the Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle (SHEV). The design and analysis of the drive system of a SHEV under Indian conditions is the focus of this paper. In conventional vehicles, the ICE is the power source that drives the vehicle. The energy from the ICE is distributed to the wheels through the transmission, which is then used to generate the traction force at the tyre-road interface. In a HEV, both the engine and the electric motor provide the energy to drive the vehicle. In a SHEV, the energy generated by the electric motor is transmitted through the transmission to meet the torque demand at the wheels. Based on the driver’s acceleration demand and the state of charge of the battery, the controller manages the ICE, the generator and the battery to supply the required energy to the motor. The motor finally develops the required drive torque to generate the traction force at the wheels to meet the vehicle drive performance requirements like gradeability, acceleration and maximum speed. The objective of this paper is to discuss the design of the drive system of a SHEV. This involves the calculation of the power specifications of the electric motor based on the vehicle drive performance requirements. The equations for performing these calculations are presented. The procedure is then demonstrated by considering a typical Indian commercial vehicle along with its typical vehicle parameter values. A simulation study has also been performed by considering the Indian drive cycle to demonstrate the energy savings obtained by the use of a SHEV.

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