scholarly journals GREENING THE GREY: IMPLEMENTING GREEN URBAN SOLUTIONS, AS ADAPTATION RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, IN A PILOT PROJECT IN LEGAZPI, BASQUE COUNTRY, SPAIN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JON LAURENZ SENOSIAIN ◽  
JONE BELAUSTEGUIGOITIA ◽  
DANIEL ROEHR
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Adaptation Response

scholarly journals Global evidence of constraints and limits to human adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelle Thomas ◽  
Emily Theokritoff ◽  
Alexandra Lesnikowski ◽  
Diana Reckien ◽  
Kripa Jagannathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Behavioral Adaptation ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
Cultural Constraints ◽  
Global Evidence

AbstractConstraints and limits to adaptation are critical to understanding the extent to which human and natural systems can successfully adapt to climate change. We conduct a systematic review of 1,682 academic studies on human adaptation responses to identify patterns in constraints and limits to adaptation for different regions, sectors, hazards, adaptation response types, and actors. Using definitions of constraints and limits provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we find that most literature identifies constraints to adaptation but that there is limited literature focused on limits to adaptation. Central and South America and Small Islands generally report greater constraints and both hard and soft limits to adaptation. Technological, infrastructural, and ecosystem-based adaptation suggest more evidence of constraints and hard limits than other types of responses. Individuals and households face economic and socio-cultural constraints which also inhibit behavioral adaptation responses and may lead to limits. Finance, governance, institutional, and policy constraints are most prevalent globally. These findings provide early signposts for boundaries of human adaptation and are of high relevance for guiding proactive adaptation financing and governance from local to global scales.

scholarly journals Insights on Urban and Periurban Adaptation Strategies Based on Stakeholders’ Perceptions on Hard and Soft Responses to Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Martinez-Juarez ◽  
Aline Chiabai ◽  
Cristina Suárez ◽  
Sonia Quiroga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Adapting to expected impacts of climate change is a task shared by multiple institutions and individuals, but much of this work falls over local and regional authorities, which has made them experts over the issue. At the same time, adaptation to climate change has been a research interest in different academic fields; while private companies provide research and development efforts on the issue. Views from perspectives may contain common ground and discrepancies, but benefits from the discussion may differ among these three sectors. This study shows the application of collaborative approaches to analyze impacts and adaptation measures at a local level. A stakeholder workshop was held in the city of Bilbao to discuss impacts of climate change and adaptation in the local context of the Basque Country. The contributions were proposed on three axes: impacts from climate change, good practices proposed or already in action, and costs and benefits derived from those strategies. Participants were asked to rank a series of measures and practices extracted from their previous inputs. These measures were analyzed after applying bootstrapping techniques, according to the perceived costs and benefits assigned to each of the grouped measures and practices. Participants estimated that groups containing green adaptation measures and those that had potentially positive impacts over climate change mitigation were the most efficient measures, as reduced costs combined with high benefits could lead to win–win adaptation strategies, while grey infrastructures were seen as providing high benefits at high costs.

scholarly journals Optimization of the micropropagation of elite adult trees of Sequoia sempervirens: forest species of interest in the Basque Country, Spain

Bionatura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1511-1519
Author(s):  
Alejandra Rojas Vargas ◽  
A Castander-Olarieta ◽  
P Moncaleán ◽  
I.A Montalbán
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Sequoia Sempervirens ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Forestry Sector

Forest trees are renewable sources of timber and other valuable non-timber products. Nowadays, the increase in population and demand for forestry products results in overexploitation of forestry. Therefore, there is an urgent need to produce elite plants with higher productivity under stress derived from climate change to have available to afforestation. For this reason, propagation methods should be improved to be more efficient in terms of quality and productivity. The main species planted in the Basque Country is Pinus radiata; during the last three years, Pinus radiata plantations have suffered a fungus attack affecting mainly needles until the tree's death. This crisis is caused by the combined action of two fungi of the genus Dothistroma and Lecanosticta acicola, whose expansion seems to have been enhanced by weather-related factors, such as humid and hot summers. Although we have evidence of this disease's presence in our mountains since 1942, the disease has had a speedy expansion with an aggressive effect for reasons that are not scientifically known today. For the above, Basque Country forestry sector is looking for alternative species to be used in its plantations. Part of the forestry sector considers that Sequoia sempervirens could be a good choice for plantations. Besides, its high-quality wood and its tolerance to the attack of several pathogens and other diseases derived from climate change are characteristics that could confer some advantage over other forest species. The main goal of this study was to optimize the micropropagation of adult elite trees of Sequoia sempervirens. The effect of 6-benzylaminopurine, meta-Topolin and Kinetin, and 4 types of explant in the multiplication stage were analyzed to carry out this objective. Furthermore, the effect of two types of auxins: 1-naphthalene acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, and a mixture of both, were evaluated on the induction of roots and their subsequent effect on the acclimatization process. The best multiplication index was obtained when 4.4 µM 6-benzylaminopurine and apical explants longer than 1.5 cm of length were used. The root induction percentage was 75% in the most responsive genotype analyzed when 4.4 µM 6-benzylaminopurine was used on the induction stage, and 50 µM of 1-naphthalene acetic acid was used for rooting. Finally, after 3 months in the greenhouse, the explants cultured with Kinetin and rooted in a culture medium with indole-3-butyric acid showed the highest acclimatization success (94%).

scholarly journals Dynamics of value chain in Climate Resilient Vegetable Practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Ujjal Raj Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The vegetable production is based on the farmer's initiation into which the processes combine with the climate resilient techniques and marketing strategy. The study is also an introduction of an integrated process of climate resilient practices that can help in coping with climate change related problems. The main objective of the study is to analyze the value chain of climate resilient vegetable farming practices. The study was carried out in Udayapur district of Nepal. The data used for the study were from Himalica pilot project initiated by ICIMOD. Primary data were collected from 300 vegetable farmer's households using a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist for interviews with farmers groups. The value chain study shows that profit of farmers depends on the market type and farmer's revenue increases when they sell their produce through farmer's co-operatives. The farmers need material support, technology as well as farmers group organization in order to increase the profit and to mitigate the risk from climate change and climate variability. The study found that value chain of vegetable farming has benefits in terms of social, economic and environmental aspects.

scholarly journals Application of Seawater Plant Technology for supporting the Achievement of SDGs in Tarawa, Kiribati

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Mi-Yeon Choi ◽  
Ho Ji ◽  
Ho-Saeng Lee ◽  
Deok-Soo Moon ◽  
Hyeon-Ju Kim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Ocean Engineering ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Korea Research Institute ◽  
Pacific Island Countries ◽  
The Republic

Pacific island countries, including Kiribati, are suffering from a shortage of essential resources as well as a reduction in their living space due to sea level rise and coastal erosion from climate change, groundwater pollution and vegetation changes. Global activities to solve these problems are being progressed by the UN's efforts to implement SDGs. Pacific island countries can adapt to climate change by using abundant marine resources. In other words, seawater plants can assist in achieving SDGs #2, #6 and #7 based on SDGs #14 in these Pacific island countries. Under the auspice of Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO) established the Sustainable Seawater Utilization Academy (SSUA) in 2016, and its 30 graduates formed the SSUA Kiribati Association in 2017. The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) of the Republic of Korea awarded ODA fund to the Association. By taking advantage of seawater resource and related plants, it was able to provide drinking water and vegetables to the local community from 2018 to 2020. Among the various fields of education and practice provided by SSUA, the Association hope to realize hydroponic cultivation and seawater desalination as a self-support project through a pilot project. To this end, more than 140 households are benefiting from 3-stage hydroponics, and a seawater desalination system in connection with solar power generation was installed for operation. The Association grows and supplies vegetable seedlings from the provided seedling cultivation equipment, and is preparing to convert to self-support business from next year. The satisfaction survey shows that Tarawa residents have a high degree of satisfaction with the technical support and its benefits. In the future, it is hoped that SSUA and regional associations will be distributed to neighboring island countries to support their SDGs implementations.

A Demonstration of Symbiotic Academic-Social Enterprise in Subsistence Marketplaces: Researching and Designing Customized Sustainability Literacy Education in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
pp. 074391562096850
Author(s):  
Madhubalan Viswanathan ◽  
Sara Baskentli ◽  
Samanthika Gallage ◽  
Diane M. Martin ◽  
Maria Ramirez-Grigortsuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Sustainability Literacy

This article demonstrates symbiotic academic-social enterprise (SASE), a bottom-up approach intertwined with the subsistence marketplace research stream. The SASE approach is unique in coevolving academic and social initiatives in parallel for the express purpose of achieving dual objectives: societally relevant research and social impact over an extended period. Distinct from typical action research approaches, the directionality between research and practice in this approach is circular or mutual rather than linear, the time frame continuous rather than discrete, and the unit of analysis the entire enterprise rather than a single project. Thus, SASE is fundamentally a bottom-up, learning-by-doing approach that developed in contexts characterized by a confluence of uncertainties for communities and a confluence of unfamiliarities for researchers and practitioners. The authors demonstrate this approach in the context of creating sustainability literacy education in Tanzania based on unique climate change impacts in the region. The academic research enterprise provides bottom-up insights about climate change and potential approaches to sustainability literacy education. A sustainability literacy education pilot project demonstrates an initiative in the social enterprise aspect of the approach. Finally, the authors derive public policy and marketing implications of SASE.

scholarly journals The Sustainable Livelihood Challenge of REDD+ Implementation in the Philippines

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Jane Peras ◽  
Juan Pulhin ◽  
Makoto Inoue ◽  
Abrar Jurar Mohammed ◽  
Kazuhiro Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
High Association ◽  
Capital Assets ◽  
Trade Offs

<p class="1Body">The forestry sector in the developing world has been continuously challenged by the unsustainability of forest resources and the threat of climate change. Reducing Emissions from Forest Degradation and Deforestation (REDD+) was launched to address the problem, and the Philippines accepted the challenge by undergoing the 10-year phased process. Using the sustainable livelihoods framework, this paper examines the challenges of REDD+ implementation in the Philippines using the case of Southern Leyte REDD+ pilot area and highlights the co-benefits and trade-offs of pilot project activities on the five (5) capital assets. Our findings suggest greater impacts of CBFM on the key indicators of change than REDD+. There is very high association of the natural and financial capital assets with REDD+ pilot project activities, yet financial benefit is short-lived. Local people highly regarded the contribution of assisted natural regeneration and reforestation activities in sequestering carbon, while agroforestry is perceived to sustain agricultural production in the future. The major drawback of REDD+ pilot project activities is that it perpetuates the failures of CBFM initiatives giving little attention to sustainable livelihood objectives. Forest conservation policy like REDD+ as a mechanism for addressing climate change can still be adopted by local communities if livelihood capital assets will be further enhanced.</p>

scholarly journals The Effects of Climate Smart Agriculture and Climate Change Adaptation on the Technical Efficiency of Rice Farming—An Empirical Study in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Tam Ho ◽  
Koji Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
The Individual

This study employed the propensity score matching approach to empirically assess the effects of climate smart agriculture participation and climate change adaptation response on the technical efficiency of rice production. Observational data were collected from in-depth interviews with 352 rice farm households in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The findings indicate that 71% of local farmers adapted their rice farming to climate change related to salinity intrusion and drought, while 29% of farmers did not. Additionally, only twenty-two rice farmers were typically chosen as participants in the climate smart agriculture pilot program by local government and institutions. The choices for adaptation response and climate smart agriculture participation are significantly influenced by agricultural extension services, belief in climate change, the area of farming land, as well as geographical locations (e.g., province and access to water sources). The results also reveal that climate change adaptation response, including climate smart agriculture participation, played a crucial role in improving technical efficiency of rice production by 13%–14% compared to no adaptation response. Regarding the individual effect of climate smart agriculture participation, participants could achieve higher technical efficiency by 5%–8% compared to non-participants.

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