Considering the necessity of achieving economic development by keeping the quality of the environment, the aim of this paper is to study the impact of economic growth on GHG emissions in a sample of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (V4 countries, Bulgaria and Romania) in the period of 1996–2019. In the context of dynamic ARDL panel and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), the relationship between GHG and GDP is N-shaped. A U-shaped relationship was obtained in the renewable Kuznets curve (RKC). Energy consumption, domestic credit to the private sector, and labor productivity contribute to pollution, while renewable energy consumption reduces the GHG emissions. However, more efforts are required for promoting renewable energy in the analyzed countries.
Taking Zhejiang Province as an example, this paper using statistical data of 1990-2009 makes a statistical analysis of energy consumption and an empirical research on the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption, energy efficiency by the way of metrology analysis. The result shows the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption, energy efficiency in Zhejiang Province is long balanced. There is a two-way causation between economic growth and energy consumption, but only a single causal relationship between economic growth and energy efficiency, namely, GDP grows by 3.4% when energy efficiency grows by 1%. Therefore, we give some advice on energy consumption in Zhejiang Province and the national economy sustainable development.
The relationship between CO2 emission and economic growth of Shanghai is discussed, which is realized in the way of mutual study of the cointegrating analysis of GDP, energy consumption and CO2 emission from 1993 to 2009 of Shanghai and the study of causality based on VECM. As can be seen from the conclusion, in the long run, the relationship between the economic growth and CO2 emission of Shanghai is unidirectional, i.e., the growth of economy will promote the quantity of emitted CO2.However, CO2 emission is not the Granger cause of economic growth. But in the short run, they constitute no cause-and-effect relationship. Therefore, some suggestions regarding the energy conservation and emission reduction policies of Shanghai are presented based on an empirical analysis.
In this contemporary era, environmental problems spread at different levels in all countries of the world. Economic growth does not just depend on prioritizing the environment or improving the environmental situation. If the foreign direct investment is directed to the polluting industries, they will increase pollution and damage the environment. The purpose of the study is to consider the relationship between foreign direct investment in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and economic growth and renewable energy consumption. The study is based on data obtained from 1992 to 2018. The results show that there is a two-way link between foreign direct investment and renewable energy consumption in the considered two countries. The Granger causality test approach is applied to explore the causal relationship between the variables. The Johansen co-integration test approach is also employed to test for a relationship. The empirical results verify the existence of co-integration between the series. The main factors influencing renewable energy are economic growth and electricity consumption. To reduce dependence on fuel-based energy sources, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan need to attract energy to renewable energy sources and implement energy efficiency based on rapid progress. This is because renewable energy sources play the role of an engine that stimulates the production process in the economy for all countries.
The Relationship between Economic Growth and Pollution in Some New European Union Member States: A Dynamic Panel ARDL Approach