FEASIBILITY OF UTILIZATION OF CHARCOAL AND ASHES FROM BIOMASS-ENERGY PROCESSES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Substantial increases in global energy consumption and depletion o f fossil energy resources demand for development o f alternative energy resources. The more significant part (74%) of renewable energy sources has been planned for biomass energy in European Union. Substitution of fossil feedstocks for energy and materials by biomass is important measure for GHG emission mitigation. Development o f biodegradable polymers, construction materials and organic fertilizers from biomass let us challenge economy to a more sustainable way.Naturally biomass is material of low density therefore new mobile equipment and technologies for biomass communition and densification have to be worked out. Compacted biomass has higher volumetric energy density and can be easier transported and stored than natural biomass.Wheat straw biomass densification experiments have been carried out. Chopped straw with moisture content less 10% has been used for densification. Fine chopping significantly influence compacting density and is more preferable as heating. Cold compacting of fine chopped wheat stalk material with addition o f molasses more than 9% and sapropel more than 18% provide density lg/cm3 without any heating. The same density (Ig/cm3) has been obtained in compacting o f straw and peat composition. These results are useful for briquetting technology design.

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Biomass Energy Processes Involved in Heating: Morocco Case Study

10.1109/ciem52821.2021.9614865 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Berrissoul ◽

Reda El Makroum ◽

Yassine Salih Alj

Keyword(s):

Biomass Energy ◽

Energy Processes

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Corrosion monitoring and root cause identification in high solids concentrators

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj15.7.467 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 467-477

Author(s):

PASI NIEMELAINEN ◽

MARTTI PULLIAINEN ◽

JARMO KAHALA ◽

SAMPO LUUKKAINEN

Keyword(s):

Paper Industry ◽

Black Liquor ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Potential Range ◽

Corrosion Monitoring ◽

General Corrosion ◽

High Solids ◽

Passive Area

Black liquor high solids (about 80%) concentrators have often been found to suffer from aggressive corrosion. In particular, the first and second effect bodies are susceptible to corrosion attacks resulting in tube leaks and wall thinning, which limit the availability and lifetime of evaporator lines. Corrosion dynamics and construction materials have been studied extensively within the pulp and paper industry to understand the corrosion process. However, it has been challenging to identify root causes for corrosion, which has limited proactive measures to minimize corrosion damage. Corrosion of the first phase concentrator was studied by defining the potential regions for passive area, stress corrosion cracking, pitting corrosion, and general corrosion. This was achieved by using a technique called polarization scan that reveals ranges for the passive area in which the equipment is naturally protected against corrosion. The open circuit potential, also known as corrosion potential, and linear polarization resistance of the metal were monitored online, which allowed for definition of corrosion risks for stainless steel 304L and duplex stainless steels 2205 and SAF 2906. An online temperature measurement added insight to the analysis. A process diagnostics tool was used to identify root causes of the corrosion attacks. Many of the root causes were related to process conditions triggering corrosion. Once the metal surface was activated, it was difficult to repassivate the metal naturally unless a sufficient potential range was reached.

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Housing Inflation: Policy Guidelines from Shariah Perspective

The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research ◽

10.33102/jmifr.v16i1.209 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 70-81

Author(s):

Azrul Azlan Iskandar Mirza ◽

Asmaddy Haris ◽

Ainulashikin Marzuki ◽

Ummi Salwa Ahmad Bustamam ◽

Hamdi Hakiem Mudasir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Housing Prices ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Housing Price ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Control Element ◽

Recent Issue ◽

Analysis Methodology ◽

The Government ◽

Developing And Developed Countries

The soaring housing prices in Malaysia is not a recent issue. It is a global phenomenon especially in developing and developed countries, driven by factors including land price, location, construction materials cost, demand, and speculation. This issue demands immediate attention as it affects the younger generation, most of whom could not afford to buy their own house. The government has taken many initiatives and introduced regulations to ensure that housing prices are within the affordable range. This article aims to introduce a housing price control element from the Shariah perspective, as an alternative solution for all parties involved in this issue. It adopts content analysis methodology on policy from Shariah approved sources.

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CREDO RADON UA – INFORMATION MODEL FOR CALCULATION OF ROAD CONSTRACTION

Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny ◽

10.33868/0365-8392-2019-3-259-34-42 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 34-42

Author(s):

Volodymyr Karedin ◽

Nadiya Pavlenko

Keyword(s):

Design Process ◽

Static Loading ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Residual Deformation ◽

Road Construction ◽

Information Support ◽

Existing Structures ◽

Road Pavement

CREDO RADON UA software provides an automated calculation of the strength of the pavement structures of non-rigid and rigid types, as well as the calculation of the strengthening of existing structures. In the article, one can see the main features and functionality of the CREDO RADON UA software, the main points in the calculations according to the new regulations. Information support of the design process includes necessary databases, informational and helping materials that make up the full support of the pavement design process. The concept of CREDO RADON UA 1.0 software is made on the use of elasticity theory methods in calculations of initial information models of pavements. Performing optimization calculations, the roadwear in CREDO RADON UA is designed in such a way that no unacceptable residual deformation occurs under the influence of short-term dynamic or static loading in the working layer of the earth bed and in the structural layers during the lifetime of the structure. The calculation algorithms were made in accordance with the current regulatory documents of Ukraine. CREDO RADON UA software allows user to create information bases on road construction materials and vehicles as part of the traffic flow for calculations. The presented system of automated modeling makes it easier for the customer to control the quality of design solutions, to reasonably assign designs to layers of reinforcement, to quickly make comparisons of calculations of different designs for the optimal use of allocated funds. Prospects for further improvement of the program should be the results of theoretical and experimental studies on filling the databases, which are used as information support for automated design of road structures. Keywords: CREDO RADON UA, road, computer-aided design, repair project, road pavement, strengthening, construction, rigid pavement, elasticity module, a transport stream, calculation method, information support, dynamic or static loading.

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Renewable Energy on Tribal Lands: A Feasibility Study for a Biomass-to-Energy Plant on the Cocopah Reservation in Arizona

Case Studies in the Environment ◽

10.1525/cse.2018.001792 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Lauren K. D’Souza ◽

William L. Ascher ◽

Tanja Srebotnjak

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

The United States ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Policy Support ◽

Small Scale ◽

Energy Plant ◽

Energy Projects ◽

Alternative Investment

Native American reservations are among the most economically disadvantaged regions in the United States; lacking access to economic and educational opportunities that are exacerbated by “energy insecurity” due to insufficient connectivity to the electric grid and power outages. Local renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and biomass offer energy alternatives but their implementation encounters barriers such as lack of financing, infrastructure, and expertise, as well as divergent attitudes among tribal leaders. Biomass, in particular, could be a source of stable base-load power that is abundant and scalable in many rural communities. This case study examines the feasibility of a biomass energy plant on the Cocopah reservation in southwestern Arizona. It considers feedstock availability, cost and energy content, technology options, nameplate capacity, discount and interest rates, construction, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, and alternative investment options. This study finds that at current electricity prices and based on typical costs for fuel, O&M over 30 years, none of the tested scenarios is presently cost-effective on a net present value (NPV) basis when compared with an alternative investment yielding annual returns of 3% or higher. The technology most likely to be economically viable and suitable for remote, rural contexts—a combustion stoker—resulted in a levelized costs of energy (LCOE) ranging from US$0.056 to 0.147/kWh. The most favorable scenario is a combustion stoker with an estimated NPV of US$4,791,243. The NPV of the corresponding alternative investment is US$7,123,380. However, if the tribes were able to secure a zero-interest loan to finance the plant’s installation cost, the project would be on par with the alternative investment. Even if this were the case, the scenario still relies on some of the most optimistic assumptions for the biomass-to-power plant and excludes abatement costs for air emissions. The study thus concludes that at present small-scale, biomass-to-energy projects require a mix of favorable market and local conditions as well as appropriate policy support to make biomass energy projects a cost-competitive source of stable, alternative energy for remote rural tribal communities that can provide greater tribal sovereignty and economic opportunities.

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