scholarly journals Biomass and waste incineration CHP: the co-benefits of primary energy savings, reduced emissions and costs

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Levihn ◽  
C. Nuur
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Reduced Emissions

Saving Primary Energy Consumption Through Exergy Analysis of Combine Distillation and Power Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Alhassan Salami Tijani ◽  
Nazri Mohammed ◽  
Werner Witt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption

Industrial heat pumps are heat-recovery systems that allow the temperature ofwaste-heat stream to be increased to a higher, more efficient temperature. Consequently, heat pumps can improve energy efficiency in industrial processes as well as energy savings when conventional passive-heat recovery is not possible. In this paper, possible ways of saving energy in the chemical industry are considered, the objective is to reduce the primary energy (such as coal) consumption of power plant. Particularly the thermodynamic analyses ofintegrating backpressure turbine ofa power plant with distillation units have been considered. Some practical examples such as conventional distillation unit and heat pump are used as a means of reducing primary energy consumption with tangible indications of energy savings. The heat pump distillation is operated via electrical power from the power plant. The exergy efficiency ofthe primary fuel is calculated for different operating range ofthe heat pump distillation. This is then compared with a conventional distillation unit that depends on saturated steam from a power plant as the source of energy. The results obtained show that heat pump distillation is an economic way to save energy if the temperaturedifference between the overhead and the bottom is small. Based on the result, the energy saved by the application of a heat pump distillation is improved compared to conventional distillation unit.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modelling of LNG Powered Combined Energy Systems in Port Areas

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3640
Author(s):  
Davide Borelli ◽  
Francesco Devia ◽  
Corrado Schenone ◽  
Federico Silenzi ◽  
Luca A. Tagliafico
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle ◽  
Integrated Energy System ◽  
Energy Share

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a crucial resource to reduce the environmental impact of fossil-fueled vehicles, especially with regards to maritime transport, where LNG is increasingly used for ship bunkering. The present paper gives insights on how the installation of LNG tanks inside harbors can be capitalized to increase the energy efficiency of port cities and reduce GHG emissions. To this purpose, a novel integrated energy system is introduced. The Boil Off Gas (BOG) from LNG tanks is exploited in a combined plant, where heat and power are produced by a regenerated gas turbine cycle; at the same time, cold exergy from LNG regasification contributes to an increase in the efficiency of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. In the paper, the integrated energy system is simulated by means of dynamic modeling under daily variable working conditions. Results confirm that the model is stable and able to determine the time behavior of the integrated plant. Energy saving is evaluated, and daily trends of key thermophysical parameters are reported and discussed. The analysis of thermal recovering from the flue gases shows that it is possible to recover a large energy share from the turbine exhausts. Hence, the system can generate electricity for port cold ironing and, through a secondary brine loop, cold exergy for a refrigeration plant. Overall, the proposed solution allows primary energy savings up to 22% when compared with equivalent standard technologies with the same final user needs. The exploitation of an LNG regasification process through smart integration of energy systems and implementation of efficient energy grids can contribute to greener energy management in harbors.

Environmental and energy performances of the Italian municipal solid waste incineration system in a life cycle perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110039
Author(s):  
Federico Sisani ◽  
Amani Maalouf ◽  
Francesco Di Maria
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽  
Recovery Scheme ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Average Quantity

The environmental and energy performances of the Italian municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) system was investigated by a life cycle assessment approach. On average the 39 MSWIs operating in Italy in 2018 treated about 6,000,000 Mg of residual municipal solid waste (RMSW) recovering on average from 448 kWh Mg−1 RMSW to 762 kWh Mg−1 RMSW of electricity and from 732 kWh Mg−1 RMSW to 1102 kWh Mg−1 RMSW of heat. The average quantity of CO2eq Mg−1 RMSW emitted ranged from about 800 up to about 1000 depending on the size and on the energy recovery scheme of the facility. Avoided impacts (i.e., negative values) were detected for the kg PM2,5eq Mg−1 RMSW and for human health (disability-adjusted life year Mg−1 RMSW). The determination of the hybrid primary energy index (MJ Mg−1 RMSW) indicated that mainly large size facilities and those operating according to a power and heat energy recovery scheme are effectively able to replace other primary energies by the exploitation of the lower heating values of the RMSW.

scholarly journals Multi-Country Analysis on Energy Savings in Buildings by Means of a Micro-Solar Organic Rankine Cycle System: A Simulation Study

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Arteconi ◽  
Luca Del Zotto ◽  
Roberto Tascioni ◽  
Khamid Mahkamov ◽  
Chris Underwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
The North

In this paper, the smart management of buildings energy use by means of an innovative renewable micro-cogeneration system is investigated. The system consists of a concentrated linear Fresnel reflectors solar field coupled with a phase change material thermal energy storage tank and a 2 kWe/18 kWth organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system. The microsolar ORC was designed to supply both electricity and thermal energy demand to residential dwellings to reduce their primary energy use. In this analysis, the achievable energy and operational cost savings through the proposed plant with respect to traditional technologies (i.e., condensing boilers and electricity grid) were assessed by means of simulations. The influence of the climate and latitude of the installation was taken into account to assess the performance and the potential of such system across Europe and specifically in Spain, Italy, France, Germany, U.K., and Sweden. Results show that the proposed plant can satisfy about 80% of the overall energy demand of a 100 m2 dwelling in southern Europe, while the energy demand coverage drops to 34% in the worst scenario in northern Europe. The corresponding operational cost savings amount to 87% for a dwelling in the south and at 33% for one in the north.

Investigation of the Down-Scaling Effects on the Low Swirl Burner and its Application to Microturbines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Frank ◽  
Peter Therkelsen ◽  
Miguel Sierra Aznar ◽  
Vi H. Rapp ◽  
Robert K. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
Swirl Burner

About 75% of the electric power generated by centralized power plants feeds the energy needs from the residential and commercial sectors. These power plants waste about 67% of primary energy as heat emitting 2 billion tons of CO2 per year in the process (∼ 38% of total US CO2 generated per year) [1]. A study conducted by the United States Department of Energy indicated that developing small-scale combined heat and power systems to serve the commercial and residential sectors could have a significant impact on both energy savings and CO2 emissions. However, systems of this scale historically suffer from low efficiencies for a variety of reasons. From a combustion perspective, at these small scales, few systems can achieve the balance between low emissions and high efficiencies due in part to the increasing sensitivity of the system to hydrodynamic and heat transfer effects. Addressing the hydrodynamic impact, the effects of downscaling on the flowfield evolution were studied on the low swirl burner (LSB) to understand if it could be adapted to systems at smaller scales. Utilizing particle image velocimetry (PIV), three different swirlers were studied ranging from 12 mm to 25.4 mm representing an output range of less than 1 kW to over 23 kW. Results have shown that the small-scale burners tested exhibited similar flowfield characteristics to their larger-scale counterparts in the non-reacting cases studied. Utilizing this data, as a proof of concept, a 14 mm diameter LSB with an output of 3.33 kW was developed for use in microturbine operating on a recuperated Brayton cycle. Emissions results from this burner proved the feasibility of the system at sufficiently lean mixtures. Furthermore, integration of the newly developed LSB into a can style combustor for a microturbine application was successfully completed and comfortably meet the stringent emissions targets. While the analysis of the non-reacting cases was successful, the reacting cases were less conclusive and further investigation is required to gain an understanding of the flowfield evolution which is the subject of future work.

scholarly journals KAJIAN SUMBER ENERGI PADA PENGOLAHAN KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) DI PT. ALNO AGRO UTAMA SUMINDO OIL MILL, BENGKULU UTARA

AGROINTEK ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Lukman Hidayat ◽  
Fitri Electrika Dewi Surawan ◽  
Arga Harianda Lumban Raja
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Energy Needs

Increasing demand for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) as the vegetable oil was causing the industry to cultivate palm oil increased, so that the energy required to produce CPO also increased. The purpose of this study is to identify the type, source and calculate the amount of energy needs, calculate the level of efficiency and energy savings opportunities. Stages of the research are  initial energy analysis, a detailed energy, and energy analysis in processing systems. Based on the research results, to produce each kg of CPO processing capacity of 60 ton TBS / hour with a recovery rate of 20.59% of primary energy needs of 16.200679 MJ / kg. Real boiler efficiency of 45.69%, the real efficiency of the turbine was 94, 86%. Turbine efficiency  to generate electrical energy by 1.09%, the technical efficiency of 66.80% turbines, diesel generators technical efficiency of 47.25%, the technical efficiency of electric motors by 59.37%.  The total efficiency  of  electricity  use by 4,75%, the efficiency of diesel estate of 1.379% and the efficiency of the use of steam at 93.77%. Energy can be saved by 0.0442 MJ / kg with a description of human powered energy of 0.0004316 MJ / kg, energy electrical energy by .04372 MJ / kg. While energy can be stored on the excess energy to fuel biomass boiler was 1.45 MJ / kg

scholarly journals Humidity-Sensitive Demand-Controlled Ventilation Applied to Multi-Unit Residential Building – Performance and Energy Consumption in Dfb Continental Climate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Sowa ◽  
Maciej Mijakowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Demand Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Continental Climate

A humidity-sensitive demand-controlled ventilation system is known for many years. It has been developed and commonly applied in regions with an oceanic climate. Some attempts were made to introduce this solution in Poland in a much severe continental climate. The article evaluates this system's performance and energy consumption applied in an 8-floor multi-unit residential building, virtual reference building described by the National Energy Conservation Agency NAPE, Poland. The simulations using the computer program CONTAM were performed for the whole hating season for Warsaw's climate. Besides passive stack ventilation that worked as a reference, two versions of humidity-sensitive demand-controlled ventilation were checked. The difference between them lies in applying the additional roof fans that convert the system to hybrid. The study confirmed that the application of demand-controlled ventilation in multi-unit residential buildings in a continental climate with warm summer (Dfb) leads to significant energy savings. However, the efforts to ensure acceptable indoor air quality require hybrid ventilation, which reduces the energy benefits. It is especially visible when primary energy use is analyzed.

scholarly journals Transformation of an Office Building into a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB): Implications for Thermal and Visual Comfort and Energy Performance

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Ballarini ◽  
Giovanna De Luca ◽  
Argun Paragamyan ◽  
Anna Pellegrino ◽  
Vincenzo Corrado
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Efficiency Measures

Directive 2010/31/EU promotes the refurbishment of existing buildings to change them into nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEBs). Within this framework, it is of crucial importance to guarantee the best trade-off between energy performance and indoor environmental quality (IEQ). The implications of a global refurbishment scenario on thermal and visual comfort are assessed in this paper pertaining to an existing office building. The retrofit actions applied to achieve the nZEB target consist of a combination of envelope and technical building systems refurbishment measures, involving both HVAC and lighting. Energy and comfort calculations were carried out through dynamic simulation using Energy Plus and DIVA, for the thermal and visual performance assessments, respectively. The results point out that energy retrofit actions on the building envelope would lead to significant improvements in the thermal performance, regarding both energy savings (−37% of the annual primary energy for heating) and thermal comfort. However, a daylighting reduction would occur with a consequent higher electricity demand for lighting (36%). The research presents a detailed approach applicable to further analyses aimed at optimizing the energy efficiency measures in order to reduce the imbalance between visual and thermal comfort and to ensure the best performance in both domains.

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