scholarly journals Ground-level ozone and its potential impacts on human health in the Czech Republic

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hůnová ◽  
H. Livorová ◽  
J. Ostatnická
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Ground Level Ozone

Compound heat and ozone pollution events relevant for human health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Hertig ◽  
Ana Russo ◽  
Ricardo Trigo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
South Europe

<p>Temperature extremes and air pollution pose a significant threat to human health. A specific concern applies to heat events and elevated ground-level ozone concentrations, due to the physical relationships between these variables, the single and combined effects of both variables on human health and the anticipated substantial changes in the scope of climate change.</p><p>The present contribution addresses relationships between air temperature and ground-level ozone, the association of these variables with atmospheric circulation patterns, the anticipated changes under future climate change as well as their association with human morbidity (i.e. myocardial infarction frequencies, Hertig et al. 2019) and mortality. The focus is on two climatically different regions in Europe, i.e., Bavaria (Central Europe) and Portugal (South Europe).</p><p>In general, a strong relationship between air temperature and ozone formation became evident. Due to the non-linear nature of the relationship, higher temperatures usually led to substantially enhanced ozone concentrations. In the scope of climate change, considerable increases of maximum temperatures were assessed for Bavaria until the end of the century. Also, future ozone concentrations were projected to rise (Hertig 2020). With respect to spell-length related extremes (heat waves and/ or ozone pollution waves), heat waves were identified as the most frequent wave type for the two European regions under investigation. Waves were associated with in-situ built-up as well as with advection of air masses. Despite different climate settings, a comparable exposure to heat and ozone waves was found in Central and South Europe. In view of excess mortality, the most severe impacts were always associated with compound heat-ozone waves (Hertig et al. 2020).</p><p>Research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under project number 408057478.</p><p>Hertig, E., Russo, A., Trigo, R. (2020): Heat and ozone pollution waves in Central and South Europe- characteristics, weather types, and association with mortality. Atmosphere. doi: 10.3390/atmos11121271</p><p>Hertig, E. (2020): Health-relevant ground-level ozone and temperature events under future climate change using the example of Bavaria, Southern Germany. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00811-z</p><p>Hertig, E., Schneider, A., Peters, A., von Scheidt, W., Kuch, B., Meisinger, Ch. (2019): Association of ground-level ozone, meteorological factors and weather types with daily myocardial infarction frequencies in Augsburg, Southern Germany. Atmos. Environment. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116975</p>

Surveillance on Emission of Herbal Woods and Cow Dung for Refinement of Atmosphere with Vedic Mantra

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Pm 10

Earth's atmosphere is made of two gases Nitrogen and Oxygen. Five major air pollutants are Ground level Ozone, Airborne particles or aerosols, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide. Air pollutants risky to human health are Ground level Ozone and Aerosols. They are the main ingredients of Smog . The ground level ozone is formed when sunlight reacts with certain chemical emissions like nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide or methane These chemicals are emitted from industrial waste, car exhaust, gasoline vapors etc. Air quality is measured with the Air Quality Index. An AQI under 50 is considered as good air quality however as the AQI number increases , it becomes a concern for human health . Researcher measured the PM level (PM 2.5 and PM 10), temperature, Humidity and other related parameters continuously on different woods in different times in a fixed size room and constrained environment to establish that Yagya is a reliable source to reduce environment pollution .

Trends in ambient ozone concentrations at twelve sites of the Czech Republic over the past three decades

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Hunova ◽  
Marek Brabec ◽  
Marek Malý
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Semiparametric Regression ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Data Series ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Measuring Period

<p>Ambient ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) remains a serious air pollution problem (O<sub>3</sub>) of Northern Hemisphere, and still represents a considerable threat both for human health and ecosystems. In Europe, the critical levels of O<sub>3</sub> are permanently exceeded over vast areas (EEA, 2019). In the Czech Republic (CR), monitoring of O<sub>3</sub> has been operated since 1993, currently at 50 sites, including both rural and urban stations covering the country (CHMU, 2019). O<sub>3</sub> exposures in the CR are relatively high (Hůnová, Schreiberová, 2012; Hůnová et al., 2016), and may result in negative endpoints, both regarding human health (Hůnová et al. 2013) and vegetation (Hůnová et al., 2011). O<sub>3</sub> is highly meteorology dependent and shows considerable year-to-year variations (Hůnová et al., 2019 a, b). Two to three-decade time series allows for a sound trend analysis, hence O<sub>3 </sub>concentrations for trends at Czech long-term monitoring sites were already analysed using Mann-Kendall non-parametric test (Hůnová, Bäumelt, 2018).</p><p>This time, however, our approach for time analysis was different. We applied a generalized additive model, GAM (Wood, 2017; Hastie & Tibshirani, 1990) framework as a flexible, semiparametric regression approach to address nonlinear trend shapes in a formalized and unified way. In particular, we employed penalized spline approach with cross-validated penalty coefficient estimation.  We have examined daily mean O<sub>3</sub> concentrations measured at twelve Czech sites representing different environments, geographical areas, and altitudes across the country; four urban, for rural and four mountain sites. We used long-term data series from the time period of 1994–2018.</p><p>Our results show inconsistent behaviour of sites before 1998 when the strict emission limits were introduced with an immediate consequence of substantial decrease in O<sub>3</sub> precursor emissions. The highest concentrations and the most dynamic O<sub>3</sub> decrease in this time period was recorded at the Praha 4-Libus urban background site, the lowest concentrations and the steepest increase in O<sub>3</sub> were recorded at the Rudolice mountain site in the former Black Triangle Area. Two local maxima – around 2003 for some sites and 2006 for other sites – and a local minimum around 2013 are indicated. Steady increase in O<sub>3</sub> concentrations for all sites is evident after 2014 up to now, most likely due to recent five hot and dry summer seasons. Seasonal O<sub>3</sub> course averaged for the entire measuring period is similar for all sites, with clear maximum in May-June. The highest O<sub>3</sub> in summer and lowest in winter were observed at the Usti nad Labem-Kockov site, relatively most flat curve, with the least differences between summer and winter was recorded at the Churanov site, in the Sumava Mts. More interesting is to compare the seasonal O<sub>3</sub> curves for individual years.</p><p>In contrast with Mann-Kendall test standardly used for this kind of analysis, the GAM approach offers a detailed view on both time trend and seasonality curve and facilitates the analysis and interpretation of the results.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

Past, present and future concentrations of ground-level ozone and potential impacts on ecosystems and human health in northern Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 22-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Erik Karlsson ◽  
Jenny Klingberg ◽  
Magnuz Engardt ◽  
Camilla Andersson ◽  
Joakim Langner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Ground Level Ozone

scholarly journals Ambient Air Quality in the Czech Republic

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 770
Author(s):  
Iva Hůnová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Consequences

Ambient air quality in the present-day Czech Republic (CR), one of the two succession countries of Czechoslovakia post-1993, was perceived as a major problem with severe human health and environmental consequences, particularly between the 1970s and 1990s [...]

Regulating oxygen vacancy in ultrathin δ-MnO2 nanosheets with superior activity for gaseous ozone decomposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranran Cao ◽  
Lianxin Li ◽  
Pengyi Zhang ◽  
Lele Gao ◽  
Shaopeng Rong
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Vacancy ◽  
Human Health ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Ozone Decomposition ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Mno2 Nanosheets ◽  
Ground Level Ozone

Ground-level ozone pollution is an environmental problem worldwide, which is hazardous to human health, especially the elderly, the children and the sensitive. It is a tough challenge to develop high-performance...

scholarly journals Toxicity of plastics in a fire and its dangerous properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Martin Hrinko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Volunteer Firefighters

The article describes and analyses toxic substances produced during the combustion of plastics which affect human health. Accidents and emergencies resulting from the combustion of plastic materials frequently occur in industrial production and technological processes. The authors illustrate this fact using the most recent example - the fire in the manufacturing and logistics premises in Chropyně, the Czech Republic, with an intervention of professional, as well as volunteer firefighters and specialized fire and rescue units.

scholarly journals Organs of slaughter pigs as a source of potential risk for human health in the Czech Republic during the years 1995–2002

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vecerek ◽  
A. Kozak ◽  
M. Malena ◽  
P. Chloupek ◽  
V. Pistekova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Porcine Lungs ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Level Of Risk

The level of risk for human health originating from organs of slaughter pigs was determined on the basis of carcass inspection classification at slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic during the period of 1995–2002. The following pig’s organs were included in the study: the lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, stomach, and intestines. A potential level of risk relating to food safety of different organs was determined according to the numbers of the organs condemned by official veterinarians. At the same time total number of slaughtered animals was also considered. The trend of the development of potential risk was determined as an index equal to the ratio of the occurrence of condemned organs during the period of 1999–2002 to the same figures from the period of 1995–1998. The highest level of potential risk was found in porcine lungs (at the level of 66.30%) followed by kidneys (18.14%), liver (17.20%) and heart (5.15%). Increasing trend in the development of risk was found for the lungs (index 1.19), spleen (1.16) and heart (1.15). The trends were confirmed as highly significant (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The results indicating high levels of potential risk for food safety and increasing trends in the aforementioned organs of pigs confirmed the importance of veterinary inspection at slaughterhouses and classification of organs of slaughter pigs by official veterinarians. This way the risks for food safety are eliminated.

scholarly journals A Computer simulation of noise of construction machinery operating in parallel

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (3) ◽  
pp. 032055
Author(s):  
Radka Kantová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Safety And Health

Abstract Prolonged, repeated or very intense noise exposure can damage human health. To reduce any dangerous effects of noise on human health, policies and restrictions are enshrined in national law and legislative regulations. In the Czech Republic, this issue is subject to the Ministry of Health. In other states it can be the Ministry of Health or more often the Ministry of the Environment. The protection of human health against noise and vibration is enshrined in Act No. 258/2000 Coll., on Protection of Public Health, specifically in şş 30-34 of this Act. Other restrictions are described in Act No. 309/2006 Coll., which regulates other requirements for safety and health protection at work in labour relations and on ensuring safety and health protection in activities or the provision of services outside of labour relations. Furthermore, hygienic limits for workplaces, protected indoor areas of buildings and protected outdoor areas are set in the new Regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic, No. 272/2011 Coll. as amended. This Regulation also sets limits for construction noise. They set limitations in so-called outdoor protected areas and the so-called outdoor protected areas of buildings. The hygienic limit of the equivalent sound pressure level A for noise from construction activities is set here by adding a correction of 5dB or 15dB according to the type of protected space to the basic value of the equivalent sound pressure level A 50dB. This limit must be adhered to. For buildings nearby, the term „protected facades“ is used, i.e. „protected façades“ include the nearest buildings that are inhabited and their occupants could be exposed to noise for a long period of time. We can measure the intensity of noise in these places if we have a "sound level meter". Predicting the intensity of noise and its longevity for future construction is more challenging. The computational evaluation of the noise load of the outdoor area of the monitored territory is based on the recommended theoretical acoustic relations for the transmission of sound from stationary noise sources according to ČSN ISO 9613/1-2. One of the possibilities of calculating the intensity of noise is the application of software programmes used for determining traffic noise, which, in contrast to construction noise, is handled very carefully and predicted in detail during the construction of transport infrastructure. Because here are the values and methodologies for the calculation of noise indicators set correctly and in detail, it is possible to use them also, provided that we work well with the background and input data. The calculation indicators are the values of the equivalent sound pressure level falling in front of the façade, on which we determine various measuring points. If the noise sources and acoustically significant elements are entered correctly, we obtain both correct values and also the possibility of displaying a map of the area with colour isophone bands, which expresses the level of noise in the construction site and its surroundings.

scholarly journals SAMIRA-SAtellite Based Monitoring Initiative for Regional Air Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2219
Author(s):  
Kerstin Stebel ◽  
Iwona S. Stachlewska ◽  
Anca Nemuc ◽  
Jan Horálek ◽  
Philipp Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Regional Air Quality ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

The satellite based monitoring initiative for regional air quality (SAMIRA) initiative was set up to demonstrate the exploitation of existing satellite data for monitoring regional and urban scale air quality. The project was carried out between May 2016 and December 2019 and focused on aerosol optical depth (AOD), particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). SAMIRA was built around several research tasks: 1. The spinning enhanced visible and infrared imager (SEVIRI) AOD optimal estimation algorithm was improved and geographically extended from Poland to Romania, the Czech Republic and Southern Norway. A near real-time retrieval was implemented and is currently operational. Correlation coefficients of 0.61 and 0.62 were found between SEVIRI AOD and ground-based sun-photometer for Romania and Poland, respectively. 2. A retrieval for ground-level concentrations of PM2.5 was implemented using the SEVIRI AOD in combination with WRF-Chem output. For representative sites a correlation of 0.56 and 0.49 between satellite-based PM2.5 and in situ PM2.5 was found for Poland and the Czech Republic, respectively. 3. An operational algorithm for data fusion was extended to make use of various satellite-based air quality products (NO2, SO2, AOD, PM2.5 and PM10). For the Czech Republic inclusion of satellite data improved mapping of NO2 in rural areas and on an annual basis in urban background areas. It slightly improved mapping of rural and urban background SO2. The use of satellites based AOD or PM2.5 improved mapping results for PM2.5 and PM10. 4. A geostatistical downscaling algorithm for satellite-based air quality products was developed to bridge the gap towards urban-scale applications. Initial testing using synthetic data was followed by applying the algorithm to OMI NO2 data with a direct comparison against high-resolution TROPOMI NO2 as a reference, thus allowing for a quantitative assessment of the algorithm performance and demonstrating significant accuracy improvements after downscaling. We can conclude that SAMIRA demonstrated the added value of using satellite data for regional- and urban-scale air quality monitoring.

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