BLUFF EROSION HAZARDS AND CONSTRUCTION SETBACKS ON THE GREAT LAKES COASTS OF THE UNITED STATES: A REVIEW

Abstract:While Africans are generally satisfied that a person of African descent was reelected to the White House following a campaign in which vicious and racist attacks were made against him, the U.S. Africa policy under President Barack Obama will continue to be guided by the strategic interests of the United States, which are not necessarily compatible with the popular aspirations for democracy, peace, and prosperity in Africa. Obama’s policy in the Great Lakes region provides an excellent illustration of this point. Since Rwanda and Uganda are Washington’s allies in the “war against terror” in Darfur and Somalia, respectively, the Obama administration has done little to stop Kigali and Kampala from destabilizing the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and looting its natural resources, either directly or through proxies. Rwanda and Uganda have even been included in an international oversight mechanism that is supposed to guide governance and security sector reforms in the DRC, but whose real objective is to facilitate Western access to the enormous natural wealth of the Congo and the Great Lakes region.

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The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreements

Sustaining Lake Superior ◽

10.12987/yale/9780300212983.003.0008 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nancy Langston

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Water Quality ◽

Great Lakes ◽

The United States ◽

Joint Commission ◽

International Joint Commission ◽

International Joint ◽

The 1960S

By the 1960s, the failures of research and cooperative pragmatism to control Great Lakes pollution were becoming painfully evident. In 1972 Canada and the United States signed the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. The agreement was groundbreaking in its focus on cleaning up existing pollution and preventing new pollutants, but the International Joint Commission has no authority to force the two nations to implement recommendations. Therefore, when Canada or the United States refuses to abide by the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (in its various revisions), very little happens in response—besides calls for more research.

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From the Gulf to the Courts

A Different Shade of Justice ◽

10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633695.003.0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Hinnershitz

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Civil Rights ◽

Gulf Of Mexico ◽

Great Lakes ◽

Vietnam War ◽

West Coast ◽

The United States ◽

District Court ◽

The West ◽

Family Connections

The wreckage of the Vietnam War and new American polices geared toward resettling refugees brought thousands of Vietnamese to the United States. Although many Vietnamese settled on the West Coast and in the Great Lakes region, thousands more came to the Gulf of Mexico through sponsors or established family connections seeking work in the shrimping or oil industries of Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. But, as the Vietnamese soon discovered, they were not welcomed by the largely white population who feared competition and distrusted racial outsiders. The Vietnamese fought back in the Houston District Court, filing a civil rights suit against the Klan with the assistance of the Southern Poverty Law Center.

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4. A Constabulary Navy

American Naval History: A Very Short Introduction ◽

10.1093/actrade/9780199394760.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 34-44

Author(s):

Craig L. Symonds

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Great Lakes ◽

United States Navy ◽

West Indies ◽

Slave Trade ◽

Manifest Destiny ◽

The United States ◽

The West ◽

The Pacific ◽

Southern Border

After 1820, the day-to-day duties of the United States Navy involved dealing with smugglers, pirates, and the illegal slave trade and so deploying the large ships of the line was deemed unnecessary. Also, the successful completion of treaties with both England and Spain demilitarized the Great Lakes and stabilized the country’s southern border, easing concerns about a future foreign war. ‘A constabulary navy: pirates, slavers, and manifest destiny (1820–1850)’ describes the peacetime navy activities carried out by small squadrons of sloops and schooners acting as a constabulary force on distant stations abroad, mainly in the Mediterranean, but also in the West Indies, off Africa, in the Pacific, off Brazil, and in the East.

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