Coastal cities: a discussion of the flooding potential of coastal cities in this century

The final disposal of sewage using submarine outfalls has become an actual solution for coastal cities all over the world. In order to get the best results it is necessary to carry out specific studies for the proper design of the outfall. Dilution and decrease in bacterial concentrations are two key aspects for the design. Radioisotope tracers have been used extensively in studies performed in some Brazilian waterbodies where outfall systems exist or are to be installed. As far as dilution measurement is concerned, both point and continuous radiotracer injections can provide useful results. The T90 measurements can be better accomplished using a combined tracer technique for sampling the sewage field, using the radiotracer for dilution measurement and rhodamine B as a visual aid. Typical results of dilution measurement using both techniques mentioned, as well as a summary of T 90 results obtained for the Santos, Fortaleza and Maceió outfalls are presented.

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The Translation of Polder

The Oxford Handbook of Translation and Social Practices ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190067205.013.11 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 221-242

Author(s):

Simon Richter

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Sea Level ◽

Urban Design ◽

Social Resilience ◽

Translation Process ◽

World Languages ◽

Coastal Cities ◽

Close Analysis ◽

Asian Cities

Polder is a Dutch word that occurs in many world languages. As sea level rises and coastal cities subside, the polder is a preferred way to protect land from flooding. Because polder combines infrastructure with governance and social resilience, the translation of polder involves more than finding a linguistic equivalent. Successful translation of polder as both a term and an approach to water management depends on the openness of the translation process to adaptations called for by the local language, culture, climate, and terrain. This chapter begins with cultural histories of the polder in The Netherlands and Indonesia and concludes with close analysis of the translation process as it played out in Water as Leverage for Asian Cities, a Dutch urban design initiative that took place in Semarang, Indonesia in 2018–2019.

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Multi-Criteria Framework for Selection of City-Wide Sanitation Solutions in Coastal Towns in Northern Angola

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13105627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 5627

Author(s):

Rita Ventura Matos ◽

Filipa Ferreira ◽

Liliana Alves ◽

Elsa Ramos ◽

Lucrécio Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Analysis ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Planning Stage ◽

Multi Criteria Decision Analysis ◽

Sanitation Services ◽

Decision Aiding ◽

Coastal Cities ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Multi Stakeholder ◽

Treatment Alternatives

In this paper, an expedited multi-criteria decision analysis framework, capable of tackling several dimensions for the choice of sanitation services, at an early planning stage is presented. The approach combines geographic information systems aided analysis for onsite solutions, with a multi-criteria decision analysis tool capable of suggesting and ranking several viable offsite treatment alternatives, according to the desired criteria. The framework was applied to four coastal cities in Northern Angola, one of the sub-Saharan countries of the west coast of Africa, thus obtaining an indication for city-wide solutions, as an aid to achieve the goal of ensuring full sanitation coverage in those four locations. It included possible onsite collection and storage interfaces, namely Ventilated Improved Pit latrines, fossa alterna, septic tanks or conventional sewer systems. The study also contributed to an informed decision regarding optimal offsite treatment facility type, namely based on dedicated or combined wastewater and faecal sludge treatment (co-treatment), as well as different options for locations and sanitation technologies. Alternatives were compared and ranked according to ten main criteria concerning social, economic, technological and environmental aspects. This work helped demonstrate the usefulness of decision-aiding tools in the multi-stakeholder and complex context of sanitation in a developing country.

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