scholarly journals INTEGRATED METHODOLOGY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTANTS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO SCHIAVON ◽  
ELENA CRISTINA RADA ◽  
LUCA ADAMI ◽  
FEDERICA FOX ◽  
MARCO RAGAZZI
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Integrated Methodology

Human exposure to indoor air pollutants in sleep microenvironments: A literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 528-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon E. Boor ◽  
Michal P. Spilak ◽  
Jelle Laverge ◽  
Atila Novoselac ◽  
Ying Xu
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Indoor Air Pollutants

scholarly journals Monitoring human exposure to urban air pollutants

1993 ◽  
Vol 101 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Barale ◽  
I. Barrai ◽  
I. Sbrana ◽  
L. Migliore ◽  
A. Marrazzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Urban Air

scholarly journals Human Exposure Assessment in Air Pollution Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 497-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfeng (Jim) Zhang ◽  
Paul J. Lioy
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Contact Boundary ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Human Exposure Assessment

The air pollution problem can be depicted as a system consisting of several basic components: source, concentration, exposure, dose, and adverse effects. Exposure, the contact between an agent (e.g., an air pollutant) and a target (e.g., a human respiratory tract), is the key to linking the pollution source and health effects. Human exposure to air pollutants depends on exposure concentration and exposure duration. Exposure concentration is the concentration of a pollutant at a contact boundary, which usually refers to the human breathing zone. However, ambient concentrations of regulated pollutants at monitoring sites have been measured in practice to represent actual exposure. This can be a valid practice if the pollutants are ones that are predominantly generated outdoors and if the monitoring sites are appropriately selected to reflect where people are. Results from many exposure studies indicate that people are very likely to receive the greatest exposure to many toxic air pollutants not outside but inside places such as homes, offices, and automobiles. For many of these pollutants, major sources of exposure can be quite different from major sources of emission. This is because a large emission source can have a very small value of exposure effectiveness, i.e., the fraction of pollutant released from a source that actually reaches the human breathing zone. Exposure data are crucial to risk management decisions for setting priorities, selecting cost-effective approaches to preventing or reducing risks, and evaluating risk mitigation efforts. Measurement or estimate of exposure is essential but often inadequately addressed in environmental epidemiologic studies. Exposure can be quantified using direct or indirect measurement methods, depending upon the purpose of exposure assessment and the availability of relevant data. The rapidly developing battery and electronic technologies as well as advancements in molecular biology are expected to accelerate the improvement of current methods and the development of new methods for future exposure assessment.

scholarly journals Are BBQs Significantly Polluting Air in Poland? A Simple Comparison of Barbecues vs. Domestic Stoves and Boilers Emissions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6245
Author(s):  
Artur Badyda ◽  
Piotr Krawczyk ◽  
Jan Stefan Bihałowicz ◽  
Karolina Bralewska ◽  
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Domestic Heating ◽  
Ecological Values ◽  
Exhaust Stream ◽  
Concentration Of Air Pollutants

The study attempts to compare the total annual emissions of selected air pollutants emitted during occasional grilling and the emission of the same pollutants from small domestic heating installations. For this purpose, in the absence of any data on the emission of pollutants during grilling processes, tests were carried out consisting of measuring the concentration of air pollutants in exhaust streams from two types of grills (solid fuel grill powered by charcoal briquette and gas grill powered by liquid propane), using popularly prepared dishes (previously marinated meat and raw, seasoned mixed vegetables). The concentrations of PM2.5, CH4, CO, CO2, H2O, NH3, N2O, NO, NO2, SO2 were measured in the exhaust stream from both grills using a particulate matter (PM) measuring device and a portable spectrometer, separately while grilling the same portions of meat and vegetables. Then, considering the available data on Poles’ barbecue habits, the emissions that are released into the air during occasional grilling were estimated. The calculated emissions were compared with the data on emissions from domestic heating installations used in Poland. It has been shown that during grilling, as much as 2.30, 92.07, 4.11, 3.83, 2.96, and 9.81 Gg of PM2.5, CO, NOx, SO2, NH3, and CH4 may be released into the atmosphere in Poland, respectively. In the case of PM, the amount of the pollutant emitted to the air is over 100 times lower than the emissions caused by the operation of small heating installations. In the case of other pollutants, the differences are smaller. Nevertheless, emissions from grills should not be underestimated as, in certain periods of the year, these sources may be responsible for not meeting the air quality standards in selected areas of the country, and thus the excessive exposure of people to pollutants resulting in negative health consequences. Therefore, attention was paid to the legitimacy of abandoning the use of charcoal and charcoal briquette grills and replacing them with gas-powered grills or electric ones, not only due to the health benefits of food and lower human exposure, but also by the reason of ecological values.

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