scholarly journals USING AIR QUALITY MODELLING AND EMISSION PROJECTIONS AS A SUPPORT TO THE FIRST AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM UNDER NEC DIRECTIVE TARGETS FOR 2030

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOANA FERREIRA ◽  
DIOGO LOPES ◽  
SÍLVIA COELHO ◽  
ALEXANDRA MONTEIRO ◽  
MYRIAM LOPES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Air Quality Modelling ◽  
Emission Projections

scholarly journals Benefit Analysis of the 1st Spaish Air Pollution Control Program on Health Impacts and Associated Externalities

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ana R. Gamarra ◽  
Yolanda Lechón ◽  
Marta G. Vivanco ◽  
Juan Luis Garrido ◽  
Fernando Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Air Pollution Control

This paper aims to provide scientific support for decision-making in the field of improving air quality by evaluating pollution reduction measures included in the current Spanish policy framework of the 1st National Air Pollution Control Program (NAPCP). First, the health impacts of air quality are estimated by using the concentrations estimated by multiscale air quality modeling and the recommended concentration–response functions (CRF), specifically as a result of exposure to particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3). Second, the associated external costs are calculated by monetization techniques. Two scenarios are analyzed: a package including existing measures (WM2030) and a package with additional measures (WAM2030). Compared with the baseline scenario, an improvement was found in the health effects of NO2, PM10, and PM2.5, while for O3 there was a slight worsening, mainly due to the increase in the O3 metric used (SOMO35), which increases over some urban areas. Despite this, the monetary valuation of the total effects on health as a whole shows external benefits due to the adoption of measures (WM2030), compared with the reference scenario (no measures) of more than € 17.5 billion and, when considering the additional measures (WAM2030), benefits of about € 58.1 billion.

scholarly journals Using Costs and Health Benefits to Estimate the Priority of Air Pollution Control Action Plan: A Case Study in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5970
Author(s):  
Hsin-Chih Lai ◽  
Min-Chuan Hsiao ◽  
Je-Liang Liou ◽  
Li-Wei Lai ◽  
Pei-Chih Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Kriging Method ◽  
Quality Modeling

A comparative analysis was conducted between the costs and health benefits of the Air Pollution Control Action Plan (APCAP), which can be implemented in any country to improve air quality and human health. In this study, air quality modeling was used to simulate several scenarios and implement the Kriging method to describe the PM2.5 reduction concentration instantly. Then, health benefits were estimated using the environmental benefit mapping and analysis program (BenMAP) with results from the air quality modeling and Kriging method. To estimate the priority of APCAP, 14 pollution control measures that cover point, mobile, and area sources of air pollution in Taiwan were analyzed. The results indicate that the health benefits of the Taiwan APCAP (TAPCAP) are generally greater than the technical costs. Thus, the implementation of this strategy may result in net benefits. In addition, the benefit-to-control cost ratio for health for the 14 pollution control measures was calculated. The results provide evidence to prioritize the implementation of air quality policies with a higher benefit-cost ratio.

scholarly journals Effects of air pollution control measures on air quality improvement in Guangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meifang Yu ◽  
Yun Zhu ◽  
Che-Jen Lin ◽  
Shuxiao Wang ◽  
Jia Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Air Quality Improvement

scholarly journals Evaluation and Treatment Analysis of Air Quality Including Particulate Pollutants: A Case Study of Shandong Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9476
Author(s):  
Bowen Jiang ◽  
Yuangang Li ◽  
Weixin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

At present, China’s air pollution and its treatment effect are issues of general concern in the academic circles. Based on the analysis of the development stages of air pollution in China and the development history of China’s air quality standards, we selected 17 cities of Shandong Province, China as the research objects. By expanding China’s existing Air Quality Index System, the air quality of six major pollutants including PM2.5 and PM10 in 17 cities from February 2017 to January 2020 is comprehensively evaluated. Then, with a forecast model, the air quality of the above cities in the absence of air pollution control policies since June 2018 was simulated. The results of the error test show that the model has a maximum error of 4.67% when simulating monthly assessment scores, and the maximum mean error of the four months is 3.17%. Through the comparison between the simulation results and the real evaluation results of air quality, we found that since June 2018, the air pollution control policies of six cities have achieved more than 10% improvement, while the air quality of the other 11 cities declined. The different characteristics of pollutants and the implementation of governance policies are perhaps the main reasons for the above differences. Finally, policy recommendations for the future air pollution control in Shandong and China were provided.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effect of the Three-Year Action Plan to Fight Air Pollution on Air Quality and Associated Health Benefits in Sichuan Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10968
Author(s):  
Juihui Chen ◽  
Xiaoqiong Feng ◽  
Yonghui Zhu ◽  
Ling Huang ◽  
Min He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

To continuously improve air quality, after implementation of the “Clean Air Action Plan, 2013–2017” (CAAP), the “Three-year Action Plan to Fight Air Pollution” (TYP) was further conducted from 2018 to 2020. However, the effectiveness of the TYP remains unclear in one of the major city-clusters of China, the Sichuan Basin. In this study, the bottom-up method was used to quantify the emission reduction during TYP based on the emissions inventory in Sichuan Basin in 2017 and the air pollution control measures adopted from 2018 to 2020 in each city. The reduction of PM2.5 concentration and the avoided premature deaths due to implementation of air pollution control measures were assessed by using an integrated meteorology and air quality modeling system and a concentration-response algorithm. Emissions of SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and VOCs in the Sichuan Basin have been reduced by 42.6, 105.2, 40.2, and 136.6 Gg, respectively. The control of non-electricity industry contributed significantly to the emission reduction of all pollutants, accounting for 26–49%. In addition, the control of mobile sources contributes the most to NOx reductions, accounting for 57%. The results illustrate that the focus of air pollution control in Sichuan Basin is still industrial sources. We also found that the emission reduction of NOx, PM2.5, and VOCs in Chengdu is significantly higher than that of other cities, which were about 3.4~15.4 times, 2.2~40.1 times, and 4.3~24.4 times that of other cities, respectively. In Sichuan Basin, the average reduction rate of PM2.5 concentration due to air pollution control measures was 5% on average, with the highest contributions from industry, mobile source, and dust emission control. The decrease rate in each city ranges between 1~10%, and the decreasing ratios in Dazhou (10%), Chengdu (8%), and Zigong (7%) are relatively higher. The number of premature deaths avoided due to air pollution control measures in Sichuan Basin is estimated to be 22,934. Chengdu and Dazhou have benefitted most from the air pollution control measures, with 6043 and 2713 premature deaths avoided, respectively. Our results indicate that the implementation of TYP has achieved remarkable environmental and health benefits.

scholarly journals Estimativas de poluentes atmosféricos do Sistema de Transportes em Manaus a partir da abordagem Bottom-Up

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2108
Author(s):  
Jurandir Moura Dutra ◽  
Helder Relvas ◽  
João Rodrigues ◽  
Geise Canalez ◽  
Kátia Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
The City

Foram estimadas as emissões antrópicas de gases de efeito estufa e poluentes atmosféricos para cidade de Manaus oriundas da mobilidade urbana, adotando as orientações do IPCC e as recomendações do governo brasileiro, no que tange ao uso de biomassa na matriz energética, assim como as experiências relatadas por outros grandes centros brasileiros que já publicaram seus inventários. A cidade apresentou crescimento demográfico vertiginoso nos últimos 50 anos graças à edição do Decreto 288/67 que instituiu o modelo econômico Zona Franca de Manaus com incentivos fiscais ao setor industrial. Neste período a população saltou de 314.197 habitantes em 1970 para 2.094.391 em 2016. Com uma frota de veículos de 710.586, a cidade apresenta uma série de problemas, seja de infraestrutura pela quase ausência de planejamento urbano, seja pela precariedade dos serviços públicos. As emissões são representativas da frota e, muito embora, venham reduzindo nas últimas décadas, sobretudo, em face da implementação de diversas fases do Programa de Controle da Poluição do Ar por Veículos Automotores – PROCONVE e Programa de Controle da Poluição do Ar por Motocicletas e Veículos Similares - PROMAT, os resultados são de ordem preocupante e precisam fomentar o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas de transporte e saúde inerentes à qualidade do ar. Analysis of the Displacement of Emissions Pollutants in the Manaus city, Brazil A B S T R A C TThe anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and atmospheric pollutants to the city of Manaus from urban mobility were estimated by adopting the IPCC guidelines and recommendations of the Brazilian government regarding the use of biomass in the energy matrix, as well as the reported experiences by other major Brazilian centers that have already published their inventories. The city has experienced rapid growth in the last 50 years thanks to the publication of Decree 288/67, which established the economic model of the Free Zone of Manaus with tax incentives for the industrial sector. In this period the population jumped from 314,197 inhabitants in 1970 to 2,094,391 in 2016. With a fleet of 710,586 vehicles, the city presents a series of problems, be it infrastructure due to the almost absence of urban planning or the precariousness of public services. The estimates were elaborated from the Bottom-Up approach, whose methodology is most recommended when the volume of data and information is more robust. Were considered the stratified circulating fleet by thermodynamic cycle, the intensity of use and emission factors as suggested by the IPCC (2006) and guided by the Brazilian government (Brazil, 2011). The emissions are representative of the fleet and, although they have been reducing in the last decades, mainly, due to the implementation of several phases of the Air Pollution Control Program for Motor Vehicles - PROCONVE and Air Pollution Control Program for Motorcycles and Similar vehicles - PROMAT, the results are of concern and must foster the development of public transport and health policies related to air quality. Likewise, the adoption of a standard methodology with recommendations and clear definitions for border conditions is the major challenge required to demonstrate the comparability of emissions between different urban centers, in historical scenarios, in order to contribute to the construction of Municipal Mobility Plans Urban. Key words: Urban mobility; Greenhouse gases; Atmospheric pollutants; Inventories; low carbon technologies.

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