scholarly journals Study on the size-segregated distribution of 37 species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban atmospheric fine particles of Japan

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Wang ◽  
K. Kobayashi ◽  
M. Zhou ◽  
S. Lu ◽  
S. Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Size distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban atmosphere: sorption mechanism and source contributions to respiratory deposition

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 20811-20850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lv ◽  
X. Li ◽  
T. T. Xu ◽  
T. T. Cheng ◽  
X. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Fine Mode

Abstract. Current knowledge on atmospheric particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) size distribution remains incomplete. Information is missing on sorption mechanisms and the influence of the PAHs' sources on their transport in human respiratory system. Here we present the studies systematically investigating the modal distribution characteristics of the size-fractioned PAHs and calculating the source contribution to adverse health effects through inhalation. Aerosol samples with nine size fractions were collected from Shanghai urban air over one year period 2012–2013. A high correlation coefficient existed between measured and predicted values (R2= 0.87), indicated that the data worked very well in current study. Most PAHs were observed on the small particles followed with seasonality differences. When normalized by PAHs across particle diameters, the size distribution of PAHs exhibited bimodal patterns, with a peak (0.4–2.1 μm) in fine mode and another peak (3.3–9.0 μm) in coarse mode, respectively. Along with the increasing ring number of PAHs, the intensity of the fine mode peak increased, while coarse mode peak decreased. Plotting of log(PAH/PM) against log(Dp) showed that all slope values were above −1 with the increase towards less-ring PAHs, suggesting that multiple mechanisms, i.e. adsorption and absorption controlled the PAHs on particles, but adsorption played a much stronger role for 5- and 6-ring than 3- and 4-ring PAHs. The mode distribution behavior of PAHs showed that fine particles were major carriers for the more-ring PAHs. Further calculations using inhaling PAHs data showed the total deposition fluxes in respiratory tract were 8.8 ± 2.0 ng h-1. Specifically, fine particles contributed 10–40 % of PAHs deposition fluxes to the alveolar region, while coarse particles contributed 80–95 % of ones to the head region. Estimated lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for people exercised in haze days (1.5 × 10-6) was bigger than the cancer risk guideline value (10-6). The largest PAHs contribution for LCR mainly came from the accumulation particles. Based on source apportionment results generated by positive matrix factorization (PMF), it was found that the cancer risk caused in accumulated mode mainly resulted from biomass burning (24 %), coal combustion (25 %) and vehicular emission (27 %). The present results contribute to a mechanistic understanding of PAHs size distribution causing adverse health effects and will help develop some source control strategies or policies by relying on respiratory assessment data.

scholarly journals The impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fine particles on pregnancy outcome.

2000 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 1159-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Dejmek ◽  
I Solanský ◽  
I Benes ◽  
J Lenícek ◽  
R J Srám
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

Wheezing and lung function measured in subjects exposed to various levels of fine particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Open Medicine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieslaw Jedrychowski ◽  
Frederica Perera ◽  
Robin Whyatt ◽  
Elzbieta Mroz ◽  
Elzbieta Flak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Bronchial Inflammation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

AbstractThe main purpose of the study was to assess the occurrence of wheezing and lung function in non-smoking women exposed to various levels of fine particulate matter(FP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Out of the total study group, 152 women were included in the lower exposed group (PM2.5 ≤34.3μg/m3 or PAHs ≤ 22.9ng/ m3) and 96 persons in higher concentrations of both air pollutants (PM2.5>34.3μg/m3 and PAHs > 22.9ng/ m3). Except for FVC and FEV1, all lung forced ventilatory flows (PEFR, FEF25% FEF50%, FEF75%, FEF25−75%) were significantly lower in the higher exposed group. The findings suggest bronchoconstriction within the respiratory tract, which may be related to the exposure under study. This was consistent with a higher prevalence of wheezing in more exposed subjects. It was shown that higher levels of both pollutants increased the risk of wheezing by factor 5.6 (95% CI: 1.77–17.8) after accounting for potential confounders such as allergic diseases and exposure to ETS. This study suggests that pollutants in question may have the capacity to promote broncho-constriction and asthmatic symptoms, possibly by bronchial inflammation resulting from the exposure.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fine and coarse particles

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Short Time

<p>About 140 samplings of fine and coarse particles were gathered during the year 2006 in Kozani that represent an urban area surrounded by opencast coal mining. A low volume dichotomus sampler has been used to trap suspended particles. The filters used were teflon, which are ideal for analysis in the determination of PAHs. The determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been carried out by the use of the analytic technique of large volume injection and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (LVI - GC/MS). The extraction of substances has been made in a two stage procedure, firstly with agitation in a magnetic shaker and secondly by the use of ultrasonic bath. This technique has given high recoveries of PAHs, in short time intervals. The mean daily concentrations of fine particles varied from 4 to 48 μg m-3 and annual mean was 16 μg m-3. The mean daily concentrations of coarse particles respectively varied from 2 to 67 μg m-3 with 23 μg m-3 annual mean concentration. The ΣPAH concentrations for fine samples were 4.80 ± 7.06 ng m-3 and for coarse samples were 1.36 ± 1.59 ng m-3. The mean B[a]Py concentration for fine particles was 0.38 ng m-3. Finally, diagnostic ratios were used to characterize and identify PAHs emission source in this study.</p>

Spatio-Temporal Exposure to Fine Particles and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Short Term Effects on Mortality in Rome, 2011-2012 - the EXPAH Project

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 1873
Author(s):  
Massimo Stafoggia* ◽  
Francesco Forastiere ◽  
Angelo Cecinato ◽  
Giulia Cesaroni ◽  
Annunziata Faustini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Short Term Effects
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