scholarly journals Powstanie Warszawskie i obóz Durchgangslager 121 w Pruszkowie widziane oczami wysiedlonych mieszkańców Warszawy i okolic. Doświadczenia indywidualne a współczesna pamięć społeczna

10.24917/3920 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Praga
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Public History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Childhood Memories ◽  
War Narratives ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
War Memories

Warsaw Uprising and Durchgangslager 121 in Pruszków as seen by deported citizens. Individual experiences vs contemporary public history Warsaw Uprising 70th anniversary is a time to remember that the events which took place in 1944 should be considered in full context, without skipping any aspects. So far forgotten were the civilians of the Warsaw uprising and what happened to them; however their fate did not stop at the signing of capitulation. What people mainly remember from the Warsaw uprising is Durchgangslager 121 in Pruszków, the transition camp to which all the inhabitants of the burning capital city were sent. This paper presents and analyzes sample protocols, relationships, testimonies, memories and documented and archived diaries since August 1944 to today. The image emerging from them, even though the facts, people and events concur, isn’t a homogeneous one. It’s composed of many bits of memories – individual memories, collective memory, childhood memories, or the memories of the residents of particular neighborhoods in Warsaw. What characterizes these documents? When did they appear? What makes war narratives created over the period of 70 years different? How is the third generation’s contemporary collective memory being shaped? The attempt to answer these questions is the starting point for future large-scale interdisciplinary researches.Key words: The Warsaw uprising; deportation of the people of Warsaw; transition camp Durchgangslager (Dulag) 121 in Pruszków; historical memory; war memories;

5TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1812. PRACTICES OF COMMEMORATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
Philipp I. Ulanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Press

This article examines the commemoration practices in marking 5th anniversary of the Patriotic war of 1812. Those celebrations became actually the first commemorative event dedicated to that war. A historical analysis is based on the material of mass media and memoirs of contemporaries. The focal point of the article is the collective memory formation process: what ceremonies were carried out and what goals were pursued by the state, what were the narratives of historical memory that existed in the press. The study of historical memory and its formation means, and specifically with regard to the anniversaries of the Patriotic war of 1812, has become widely prevalent in modern Russian historiography. However, historians rarely focus their attention on the 5th jubilee of the war. The study of that event from the point of view of the memorial history problematic will reveal not only the emerging of the narratives of historical memory, but also will be the starting point in the further study of their evolution and changes. The study of that dynamics is extremely important, because using the memory of the Patriotic war of 1812 has contributed to forming the national identity and self-consciousness of the Russian population over the past two centuries.

scholarly journals Historia y representación de la guerra en el espacio público valenciano = History and representation of war in the Valencian public spaces

2020 ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Rafael Zurita Aldeguer
Keyword(s):  
Public History ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
War Memory ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Peninsular War ◽  
War Memories ◽  
Historical Heritage

Resumen: La Guerra de la Independencia española sigue presente en el espacio público de la Comunidad Valenciana. Monumentos, esculturas, pinturas, placas conmemorativas, nombres de calles y plazas, espacios museográficos y recreaciones históricas son una prueba de ello. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es señalar los elementos de la memoria histórica que están visibles en la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos del siglo XXI y ofrecer una interpretación sobre el significado que se da a estos lugares de la memoria de la guerra. Además, se constata que apenas existe una política para la puesta en valor del patrimonio histórico relacionado con la guerra ni una promoción del turismo cultural sobre esta época histórica.Palabras clave: Historia pública, Guerra de la Independencia, Memoria de la guerra, Conmemoraciones, Turismo cultural.Abstract: The Peninsular War is still present in the public spaces of the Valencian Community. Monuments, sculptures, paintings, commemorative plates, names of streets and squares, museums and re-enactments provide  proof of this. The   objective of this work is to point out the elements of historical memory that are visible in the everyday life of 21st century citizens, and to offer an interpretation of the meaning given to those places in war memories. Additionally, there is hardly any policy for the enhancement of historical heritage related to the war nor some kind of promotion of cultural tourism on those  historical times.Keywords: Public history, Peninsular War, War Memory, Commemorations, Cultural tourism.

scholarly journals Colonialism, Collective Memory, and Memory Politics: Critical Reflections on Narratives and Public Archives of the Algerian War

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Edad Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Public History ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Algerian War ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Public Archives ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose: The article examines the trial of French General Paul Aussaresses (b. 1918, d. 2013) in the 2000s for war crimes committed during the Algerian War (1954 to 1962). Approach/Methodology/Design: A historiographical analysis covering topics such as colonialism, public memory, collective memory, counter-narratives, education, forgetting, and authenticity. Findings: Public history without individual memories or lived experiences of communities that have survived historical events can be viewed as inauthentic. It might even be called propaganda to present only state state-sanctioned accounts of historical events. Many governments will consequently enact laws to distinguish between what constitutes official national narratives—and what remains peripheral, or perhaps extremist individual, historical accounts. Practical Implications: This paper contributes to the scholarly literature examining oral testimonials in political and war crime tribunals, and the ethics of conducting public history research using media archives. Originality/value: Towards a greater understanding of collective memory processes, the case of the Algerian War reveals the constant negotiations, formal networks, and informal channels used to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate sources of historical memory—and the consequences on culture, law, and society.

scholarly journals Historical, collective, institutional and market memory (Development of emergent phenomena)

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Janusz Dworak
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Emergent Phenomena ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Scientific Achievements

Abstract The article is of interdisciplinary nature with its emphasis laid on sociology. Its aim is to present some considerations on the way in which emergent phenomena1 are created. The question whether the reasoning based on analogy fosters phenomena related to the emergence of new notions comes as the research problem that the author tries to solve. The research hypothesis is formulated as the following statement: applying analogy,2 considerations which refer to historical memory allow additional notions, such as collective, institutional and market memory, to emerge. In the article, the research method applied in order to achieve the assumed aim is the grounded theory3 because it allows us to generate knowledge in numerous fields. During the articulation of theoretical annotations,4 new emerging notions come as a good starting point for further studies on various types of memory, and consequently, they determine their usability in practice. In the article, the annotations are placed in the footnotes and they present the author’s thoughts and reflections presented by people who have been consulted with regard to the discussed problems. Presented in the theoretical part of the article, the reference to scientific achievements in the field of marketing memory is actually very difficult because they are extremely scarce. Historical memory may be seen as knowledge resources recorded in some past stories, diaries and specialist publications; it also refers to artefacts collected in museums and to historical monuments that represent the culture of a particular society. Collective memory refers to historical awareness that is manifested by the cultivation of traditions and customs, reconstruction of buildings in which previous generations used to live. The concept of institutional memory is related to a specific vector that provides collective memory with magnitude and direction in the form of interpretation of events; it can be considered as a resultant of exogenous and endogenous processes taking place in a society. On the basis of those considerations, another type of memory appears: market memory as a new category of knowledge. The essence of market memory comes down reminding various communities about products the consumption of which is supposed to satisfy their needs at a specific level, but it will also lead to the replacement of currently operating devices with new and more advanced ones.

scholarly journals Water Harvesting and Water Management: A Discussion of the Implications of Scale in Artificial Irrigation: the Sri Lankan Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-96
Author(s):  
Eva Myrdal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
State Control ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Dry Zone

The pre-colonial, large-scale, irrigation systems of the dry zone of Sri Lanka have been used as examples of large-scale undertakings with given social consequences of centralisation and state control. A close reading of a given cultura! landscape and a focus on chronology give possibilities for an alternative approach, one in which artificial irrigation does not have an independent role. The starting point for the discussion is the archaeologically comparatively well-explored uplands of the capital city Sigiriya, which dates to the 5th century AD.

Audience Fragmentation and Journalism in the U.S. Context

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Audience Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Audience Fragmentation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Democratic Societies ◽  
Media Reports

The association between audience fragmentation and journalism is an intricate one. On the one hand, the word “audience” refers to an assembly of a group of consumers, such as book or magazine readers, moviegoers, radio or podcast listeners, television viewers, and website visitors, and they are primarily distinguished by the particular media product, genre, or outlet that they choose to consume. Webster stated in 2016 that oftentimes the purpose and consequence of audience research are financial—i.e., book publishers tend to break down their market by readers of different genres, which allows them to better tailor their content and promotions to relevant audiences in order to maximize book sales—and thus the goal of audience research in such contexts lies in finding the balance between capturing the largest number of media users who share similar consumption patterns and the narrowest content clusters—i.e., those separated by topic or genres. On the other hand, whereas the purpose of audience conceptualization fundamentally revolves around fragmentation, the motivation for journalism in democratic societies is arguably the opposite. That is, if one were to believe, as Kovach and Rosenstiel posited in 2007, that the purpose of journalism is to inform and educate the people so they can self-govern and make better civil decisions in democratic societies, then it follows that the primary objective of journalism lies in serving as many citizens with the same information as possible. In short, the purpose of audience fragmentation and journalism is—in many ways—ontologically contradictory, with the former being more pluralistic in nature. The topic of audience fragmentation is approached primarily from a commercial perspective, and in the context of the US market. It should be acknowledged, however, that this topic can and has been approached differently, via critical studies and across other markets. The end of this article offers a cursory comparative analysis between the USA and other Western countries to help contextualize findings from the USA in a global context. For those with deeper interest in such other inquiries, the recommended readings provided at the end of this article may offer a good starting point. It should be noted that one of the biggest obstacles in the study of audience fragmentation, at least in the USA, lies in the fact that large-scale media reports of such data (e.g., those published by the Pew Research Center) often compare apples and oranges (e.g., either using survey questions with different operationalizations as the basis for comparison or reporting on different facets of audience fragmentation in its longitudinal studies, as this article will explain). To this end, this article is a first step in offering a baseline cross-sectional overview of how American audiences are consuming the news in 2018 via analysis of select Pew data files with comparable sampling method and survey instruments.

INTERPRETATION OF SINO-RUSSIAN CULTURE AND HUMANITIES COOPERATION IN THE NEW ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
REN YANYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
New Era ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cooperative Partnership ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The friendship between nations lies in the mutual affinity of the people, and the people’s affinity lies in the communion of hearts. The cultural and humanities cooperation between China and Russia has a long history. In recent years, under the role of the“Belt and Road” initiative, the SCO, and the Sino-Russian Humanities Cooperation Committee, Sino-Russian culture and humanities cooperation has continued to deepen. Entering a new era, taking the opportunity to promote Sino-Russian relations into a “new era China-Russia comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership”, the development of human relations between the two countries has entered a new historical starting point, while also facing a series of problems and challenges. This article is based on the current status of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, interprets the characteristics of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, analyzes the problems and challenges of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, and tries to propose solutions and solutions with a view to further developing Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era. It is a useful reference, and provides a reference for future related research, and ultimately helps the Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era to be stable and far-reaching.

Etude de l'aménagement d'une forêt classée au Mali avec la participation des populations riveraines - Données du problème et éléments de méthodologie | A Study of the Management of a State-Owned Forest in Mali with the Participation of the Population Living nearby - Issue under Investigation and Elements of Methodology

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Pascal Schneider ◽  
Jean-Pierre Sorg
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The People

In and around the state-owned forest of Farako in the region of Sikasso, Mali, a large-scale study focused on finding a compromise allowing the existential and legitimate needs of the population to be met and at the same time conserving the forest resources in the long term. The first step in research was to sketch out the rural socio-economic context and determine the needs for natural resources for autoconsumption and commercial use as well as the demand for non-material forest services. Simultaneously, the environmental context of the forest and the resources available were evaluated by means of inventories with regard to quality and quantity. According to an in-depth comparison between demand and potential, there is a differentiated view of the suitability of the forest to meet the needs of the people living nearby. Propositions for a multipurpose management of the forest were drawn up. This contribution deals with some basic elements of research methodology as well as with results of the study.

Identification of N-Substituted Triazolo-azetidines as Novel Antibacterials using pDualrep2 HTS Platform

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Yan A. Ivanenkov ◽  
Renat S. Yamidanov ◽  
Ilya A. Osterman ◽  
Petr V. Sergiev ◽  
Vladimir A. Aladinskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mic Value

Aim and Objective: Antibiotic resistance is a serious constraint to the development of new effective antibacterials. Therefore, the discovery of the new antibacterials remains one of the main challenges in modern medicinal chemistry. This study was undertaken to identify novel molecules with antibacterial activity. Materials and Methods: Using our unique double-reporter system, in-house large-scale HTS campaign was conducted for the identification of antibacterial potency of small-molecule compounds. The construction allows us to visually assess the underlying mechanism of action. After the initial HTS and rescreen procedure, luciferase assay, C14-test, determination of MIC value and PrestoBlue test were carried out. Results: HTS rounds and rescreen campaign have revealed the antibacterial activity of a series of Nsubstituted triazolo-azetidines and their isosteric derivatives that has not been reported previously. Primary hit-molecule demonstrated a MIC value of 12.5 µg/mL against E. coli Δ tolC with signs of translation blockage and no SOS-response. Translation inhibition (26%, luciferase assay) was achieved at high concentrations up to 160 µg/mL, while no activity was found using C14-test. The compound did not demonstrate cytotoxicity in the PrestoBlue assay against a panel of eukaryotic cells. Within a series of direct structural analogues bearing the same or bioisosteric scaffold, compound 2 was found to have an improved antibacterial potency (MIC=6.25 µg/mL) close to Erythromycin (MIC=2.5-5 µg/mL) against the same strain. In contrast to the parent hit, this compound was more active and selective, and provided a robust IP position. Conclusion: N-substituted triazolo-azetidine scaffold may be used as a versatile starting point for the development of novel active and selective antibacterial compounds.

Popular Resource Sovereignty

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Wenar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
The People ◽  
Rich Countries

Article 1 of both of the major human rights covenants declares that the people of each country “shall freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources.” This chapter considers what conditions would have to hold for the people of a country to exercise this right—and why public accountability over natural resources is the only realistic solution to the “resource curse,” which makes resource-rich countries more prone to authoritarianism, civil conflict, and large-scale corruption. It also discusses why cosmopolitans, who have often been highly critical of prerogatives of state sovereignty, have good reason to endorse popular sovereignty over natural resources. Those who hope for more cosmopolitan institutions should see strengthening popular resource sovereignty as the most responsible path to achieving their own goals.

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