Determining the Optimal Interval Exercise Intensity Dose for Improving Exercise Performance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norah MacMillan
Keyword(s):  
Interval Training ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Optimal Interval ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Type Of Exercise

Short duration interval training is a time-efficient exercise strategy that can improve fitness through changes in metabolic, cardiovascular and performance related variables. Studies have examined the positive effects of maximal intensity exercise (≥100% VO2max) on metabolic and performance variables in recreationally active individuals and trained athletes. The intensity of interval training required to cause improvements in aerobic fitness is unknown. This study will look at the performance related adaptations that occur with three different exercise intensities of interval training matched in terms of duration, frequency and type of exercise. Sixteen recreationally active individuals, both males (n=9, age = 23.3±3.3, VO2max = 44.2±6.5) and females (n=6, age = 21.5±0.7, VO2max = 39.7±5.4) were randomly assigned to one of three groups who trained using intervals at 120% VO2max (n=5), 90% VO2max (n=4) or 65% VO2max (n=7). The participants performed 14 days of training spread over 4 weeks that consisted of 8-12 repeats of 1-minute cycling at the prescribed intensity with 1-minute active recovery between intervals. Training increased time to fatigue in the 90% VO2max and 120% VO2max group however not in the 65% VO2max group. The changes in VO2max before and after training were significant in the 90% VO2max group and the 120% VO2max group, however not between the 120% VO2max and 90% VO2max group (p≤0.05). Interval training at 90% and 120% VO2max stimulates analogous improvements in fitness. These results may be important for diseased or sedentary populations where very high-intensity and long duration exercise may not be well tolerated.

scholarly journals The Effect of Iron Deficiency and Supplementation on Players Performance: In Case of Lemo and Ambericho Super League Football Clubs.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Getu
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Result Show ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Super League

Abstract This study was aimed to examine the effect of iron deficiency and supplementation on player’s performance: in case of lemo and Ambericho super league football clubs. Experimental study design was employed. Sampling size determination and sampling technique was used purposive sampling technique method and sampling size was determined by classifying player’s age level. The instrument of data collection were anthropometric (age, height, weight and BMI) measured by meter and kilogram, cardiovascular endurance test measured by 12 minute run test and Astrand tridmile test resting heart rate measured by counting heart beat after interval training. The analyses were carried out by using paired sample T test to analyze player’s hematological change and performance change before and after supplementations by using. The result show that there is significant change was scored on hematological and performance efficiency after supplementation of Iron and 12 week training. Based on the result football players in addition to daily food menu they should have supplement iron with managed training intensity.

scholarly journals Comparison of Thoracic and Lumbar Erector Spinae Muscle Activation Before and After a Golf Practice Session

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme G. Sorbie ◽  
Fergal M. Grace ◽  
Yaodong Gu ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
Ukadike C. Ugbolue
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Practice Session ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Erector Spinae Muscle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance

Lower back pain is commonly associated with golfers. The study aimed: to determine whether thoracic- and lumbar-erector-spinae muscle display signs of muscular fatigue after completing a golf practice session, and to examine the effect of the completed practice session on club head speed, ball speed and absolute carry distance performance variables. Fourteen right-handed male golfers participated in the laboratory-based-study. Surface electromyography (EMG) data was collected from the lead and trail sides of the thoracic- and lumbar-erector-spinae muscle. Normalized root mean squared (RMS) EMG activation levels and performance variables for the golf swings were compared before and after the session. Fatigue was assessed using median frequency (MDF) and RMS during the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) performed before and after the session. No significant differences were observed in RMS thoracic- and lumbar-erector-spinae muscle activation levels during the five phases of the golf swing and performance variables before and after the session (p > .05). Significant changes were displayed in MDF and RMS when comparing the MVC performed before and after the session (p < .05). Fatigue was evident in the trail side of the erector-spinae muscle after the session.

Implementation of a Progressive Mobilization Program in a Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Messer ◽  
Linda Comer ◽  
Steve Forst
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Nurses ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Implementing Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mobility Protocols ◽  
And Performance

BackgroundCurrent literature supports implementation of progressive mobility protocols in intensive care units. Education can help nurses overcome barriers to mobility and increase knowledge about the positive effects of mobility.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of education for a progressive mobilization program for intensive care nurses on knowledge and performance.MethodsA pretest-posttest evaluation was conducted for 41 nurses, and a chart review was performed before and after implementation of the educational intervention to evaluate changes in knowledge and mobilization.ResultsScores after the educational intervention were significantly higher than scores before the intervention (t = 2.02; P &lt; .001). Overall mobilization (P = .04) and dangling (P = .01) increased significantly after the education. No significant increases occurred in ambulating or getting patients up to a chair.ConclusionsMobilization education was effective and increased nurses’ knowledge about the benefits of mobility for critically ill patients. The educational program also affected how nurses performed mobility interventions. Although provision of education had positive effects on patients’ mobility, leadership and coaching are still important components in implementing change.

scholarly journals Opposite response of blood vessels in the retina to 6° head-down tilt and long-duration microgravity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Taibbi ◽  
Millennia Young ◽  
Ruchi J. Vyas ◽  
Matthew C. Murray ◽  
Shiyin Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Vascular Response ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Fluid Shifts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One

AbstractThe Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS), associated with the headward fluid shifts incurred in microgravity during long-duration missions, remains a high-priority health and performance risk for human space exploration. To help characterize the pathophysiology of SANS, NASA’s VESsel GENeration Analysis (VESGEN) software was used to map and quantify vascular adaptations in the retina before and after 70 days of bed rest at 6-degree Head-Down Tilt (HDT), a well-studied microgravity analog. Results were compared to the retinal vascular response of astronauts following 6-month missions to the International Space Station (ISS). By mixed effects modeling, the trends of vascular response were opposite. Vascular density decreased significantly in the 16 retinas of eight astronauts and in contrast, increased slightly in the ten retinas of five subjects after HDT (although with limited significance). The one astronaut retina diagnosed with SANS displayed the greatest vascular loss. Results suggest that microgravity is a major variable in the retinal mediation of fluid shifts that is not reproduced in this HDT bed rest model.

Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning: Cognitive Effects of a Peer Mediation Intervention

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina Shamir ◽  
David Tzuriel ◽  
Ronit Guy
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Peer Mediation ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Computer Supported Collaborative Learning ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cognitive Modifiability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

The Peer Mediation with Young Children (PMYC) was investigated in computerized versus noncomputerized environments using process (e.g., mediation strategies) and performance variables (e.g., cognitive modifiability) as outcome measures. The sample consisted of 108 pupils drawn from fourth- (tutors) and first-grade (tutored) classes randomly assigned to experimental (n = 27) and control (n = 27) dyads. Dyads in each group were randomly assigned to either computerized or noncomputerized learning environments. Experimental tutors received training in the PMYC program whereas control tutors received general preparation for peer tutoring. Following the PMYC program, each dyad was assigned to a collaborative learning situation in which the older child taught his/her partner a problem solving task. All children were tested on a set of cognitive measures before and after the PMYC program. The findings showed that the experimental tutors used significantly higher levels of mediation strategies and achieved higher cognitive modifiability than did the control children in both learning environments. Children tutored in the computerized environment achieved higher cognitive modifiability than children tutored in the noncomputerized environment. The findings are discussed in light of Vygotsky and Feuerstein’s theories and recent research on peer-assisted learning.

High-intensity interval training with long duration intervals is more effective than short duration intervals for improving glycolytic capacity in the rats’ gastrocnemius muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Akmali ◽  
Marziyeh Saghebjoo
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract Background There is little data regarding the ability of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to increase of glycolytic capacity and intramuscular metabolic adaptations. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of HIIT (8 weeks, 5 times/week) with short (HIIT1 min: 16 × 1 min work and active recovery at 80–95% and 50–60% VO2max, respectively) and long (HIIT4 min: 4 × 4 min work and active recovery at 80–95% and 50–60% VO2max, respectively) duration intervals and 4 weeks detraining on the levels of phosphofructokinase (PFK), glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1), monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the rats’ gastrocnemius muscle. Materials and methods Fifty-four male Wistar rats were assigned into three groups, including HIIT1 min, HIIT4 min and control (Ctrl). After 48 h of the last training session and after 4 weeks of detraining, the rats were sacrificed, and the gastrocnemius muscles were isolated. Results The PFK levels in the HIIT4 min group was significantly higher than in the HIIT1 min and Ctrl groups, and after the detraining period in the HIIT4 minDT group significantly decreased compared to the HIIT4 min group. The LDH activity in the HIIT4 min and HIIT1 min groups were significantly higher than the Ctrl group and the increasing trend in the HIIT4 min group was more than the HIIT1 min group. There was no significant change in LDH activity after detraining compared to training. No significant changes were observed in the level of GYS1 and MCT4 after HIIT. Conclusions Eight weeks of HIIT with long duration intervals induced more improvements in intramuscular glycolytic capacity than a short duration. After short-term detraining, some of these adaptations have remained.

scholarly journals Accuracy of the Dexcom G6 Glucose Sensor during Aerobic, Resistance, and Interval Exercise in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Florian H. Guillot ◽  
Peter G. Jacobs ◽  
Leah M. Wilson ◽  
Joseph El Youssef ◽  
Virginia B. Gabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Impact

The accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors may be significantly impacted by exercise. We evaluated the impact of three different types of exercise on the accuracy of the Dexcom G6 sensor. Twenty-four adults with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injections wore a G6 sensor. Participants were randomized to aerobic, resistance, or high intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise. Each participant completed two in-clinic 30-min exercise sessions. The sensors were applied on average 5.3 days prior to the in-clinic visits (range 0.6–9.9). Capillary blood glucose (CBG) measurements with a Contour Next meter were performed before and after exercise as well as every 10 min during exercise. No CGM calibrations were performed. The median absolute relative difference (MARD) and median relative difference (MRD) of the CGM as compared with the reference CBG did not differ significantly from the start of exercise to the end exercise across all exercise types (ranges for aerobic MARD: 8.9 to 13.9% and MRD: −6.4 to 0.5%, resistance MARD: 7.7 to 14.5% and MRD: −8.3 to −2.9%, HIIT MARD: 12.1 to 16.8% and MRD: −14.3 to −9.1%). The accuracy of the no-calibration Dexcom G6 CGM was not significantly impacted by aerobic, resistance, or HIIT exercise.

scholarly journals Differentiating Endurance-and Speed-Adapted Types of Elite and World Class Milers According to Biomechanical, Pacing and Perceptual Responses during a Sprint Interval Session

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2448
Author(s):  
Arturo Casado ◽  
Andrew Renfree ◽  
José Carlos Jaenes-Sánchez ◽  
Víctor Cuadrado-Peñafiel ◽  
Pedro Jiménez-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Repetition Time ◽  
Biomechanical Responses ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

The aim was to compare pacing, biomechanical and perceptual responses between elite speed-and endurance-adapted milers during a sprint interval training session (SIT). Twenty elite and world-class middle-distance runners (male: n = 16, female: n = 4; 24.95 ± 5.18 years; 60.89 ± 7 kg) were classified as either speed- or endurance-adapted milers according to their recent performances at 800 m or longer races than 1500 m (10 subjects per group). Participants performed 10 repetitions of 100 m sprints with 2 min of active recovery between each, and performance, perceptual and biomechanical responses were collected. The difference between accumulated times of the last and the first five repetitions was higher in speed-adapted milers (ES = 1.07) displaying a more positive pacing strategy. A higher coefficient of variation (CV%) was displayed across the session by speed-adapted milers in average repetition time, contact time, and affective valence (ES ≥ 1.15). Speed-adapted milers experienced lower rates of valence after the 4th repetition excepting at the 8th repetition (ES ≥ 0.99). Speed-adapted milers may need to display a more positive pacing profile than endurance-adapted milers and, therefore, would experience lower levels of affective valence and a more rapid increase of ground contact time during a SIT.

Effects of recovery type on blood lactate and performance in repeated Wingate tests in females

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
M.L. Kirkpatrick ◽  
B.M. Burrus
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Lactate Clearance ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Cell Contractility ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Lactate Levels

The optimal type of recovery to maximise performance and regain homeostasis after maximal exercise in sport has mixed results. There is a lack of research on the effect of active recovery protocols between anaerobic bouts in females. To determine if prolonged active recovery is more beneficial for subsequent anaerobic performance than passive recovery by analysing blood lactate and anaerobic performance variables across Wingate tests. Peak power output was determined from an incremental cycle test, and 50% of peak power was used as the intensity for the active recovery trial. 15 min recovery was used between Wingate tests. Blood lactate measurements were collected after the first Wingate, at 5 min increments of the recovery protocol, and after the second Wingate. Blood lactate levels were significantly lower for the active recovery trial at all time points of recovery (P=0.000), but no difference in performance variables existed between the active and passive trials. The lower lactate values and performance might not be as connected as previously thought. However, the lower lactate levels can still be beneficial to recovery after intense exercise and repeated attempts, but there may be no effect of blood lactate clearance on performance when implementing the current recovery protocol. It is possible that a build-up of hydrogen ions decreases muscle cell contractility enough for both recovery types that differences in performance between the two conditions are miniscule and therefore may be negligible when using the current parameters.

Repeatability of the Individual Response to the Use of Active Recovery the Day After High-Intensity Interval Training: A Double-Crossover Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Thimo Wiewelhove ◽  
Constantin Thase ◽  
Marcel Glahn ◽  
Anthony Hessel ◽  
Christoph Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Measure Analysis ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Individual

Purpose: To identify whether the use of active recovery (ACT) the day after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) benefits recovery and to assess whether individual responses to ACT are repeatable. Methods: Eleven well-trained, male intermittent-sport athletes (age: 25.5 ± 1.8 y) completed 4 HIIT sessions, each separated by a 2-week washout period. Of the 4 sessions, 2 were followed by passive recovery (PAS) and 2 by 60 minutes of moderate biking (ACT) 24 hours postexercise in the following sequences: ACT→PAS→ACT→PAS or PAS→ACT→PAS→ACT. Before and after HIIT and after 24 and 48 hours of recovery, maximal voluntary isometric strength (MVIC), countermovement jump height (CMJ), tensiomyographic markers of muscle fatigue (TMG), serum concentration of creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness (MS), and perceived stress state (PS) were determined. Results: A 3-way repeated-measure analysis of variance with a triple-nested random effects model revealed a significant (P < .05) fatigue-related time effect of HIIT on markers of fatigue (MVIC↓; CMJ↓; TMG↑; CK↑; MS↑; PS↑). No significant (P > .05) main effect of recovery strategy was detected. In 9 subjects, the individual results revealed inconsistent and nonrepeatable responses to ACT, while a consistent and repeatable positive or negative response to ACT was found in 2 individuals. Conclusions: The repeated failure of ACT to limit the severity of fatigue was found both at the group level and with most individuals. However, a small percentage of athletes may be more likely to benefit repeatedly from either ACT or PAS. Therefore, the use of ACT should be individualized.

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