scholarly journals Analyzing the efficiency of the national project "Labor Productivity and Support to Employment" implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-415
Author(s):  
Tat'yana A. FEDOROVA ◽  
Dmitrii A. LOMOVTSEV ◽  
Artem I. POTVOROV
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
National Project ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
Technological Value ◽  
High Level ◽  
Local Nature

Subject. The article investigates approaches to labor productivity within the national project "Labor Productivity and Support to Employment". Objectives. Our aim is to identify the most efficient approaches to shaping a strategy to implement the national project "Labor Productivity and Support to Employment". Methods. The hypothesis of the study rests on the assumption that high level of labor productivity in the country (region) is determined by a set of measures at the State and regional levels, as well as at the level of enterprises and organizations. Meanwhile, at the State and regional level, certain conditions for labor productivity growth should be provided, and at the enterprise and organization level, it is important to develop and implement measures to create highly efficient production and effectively use various resources, including labor. Results. We performed an analysis and developed recommendations aimed at adjusting the national project "Labor Productivity and Support to Employment" to improve its feasibility and efficiency of implementation. Conclusions. To improve the effectiveness of national projects implementation, it is crucial to have an integrated and consistent strategy. The local nature of setting goals in individual projects prevents from achieving the synergistic effect, which is required for meeting the ambitious objectives and enhancing the efficiency of budgetary funds utilization. The problem of productivity growth cannot be solved in isolation from the problems of industries’ development and through creation of modern technological value chains.

scholarly journals Assessment of the state of social and labor sphere of rural areas in the Ural Federal District

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 06006
Author(s):  
Victoria Kalitskaya ◽  
Andrey Pustuev ◽  
Olga Rykalina ◽  
Irina Perminova ◽  
Olga Mustafina
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Wage Growth ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The State ◽  
Number Of Factors

The article presents the author’s calculations of the labor sphere state of rural areas of the Ural Federal District (Russia). It is substantiated that labor (human) capital is the most important element of ensuring the functioning of the entire agrarian sphere. The estimation of labor productivity in the agricultural sector, the rate of wage growth, as well as relative social and labor indicators of the agricultural direction to the general economic is conducted. The authors consider the ratio of agrolabor productivity growth and decrease in the number of workers in this sphere, which is associated with a number of factors, resulting in the construction of a system of sociolabor factors interaction contributing to the development of rural areas, based on analytical data

scholarly journals Ensuring of labor productivity growth in the context of investment and innovation activity intensification

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia V. Dykha ◽  
Nataliia P. Tanasiienko ◽  
Galina M. Kolisnyk
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
State Investment

Labor productivity determines the level and quality of life of society. The technical and technological level of production determines the level of labor productivity in the country. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to substantiate the basic theoretical principles and practical recommendations for intensification of investment and innovation activity. The object of research is the processes of the intensification of the investment and innovation activity in the system of ensuring of productivity growth. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the scientific works of domestic and foreign authors on labor productivity and ways of its increasing. As a result of the research, the level and dynamics of labor productivity in the countries of the world have been analyzed. The level of labor productivity in Ukraine in comparison with other countries has been determined. The introduction of innovations has been determined among the key factors in the growth of labor productivity. Therefore, the strategy of the investment and innovation development has been proposed. The basic principles of effective implementation of the investment-innovation strategy and the state investment-innovation policy for ensuring labor productivity growth have been substantiated. In order to achieve the goals of state investment and innovation policy and obtain the results on the growth of labor productivity, the priorities of allocation of public finance, as well as measures to enhance the development of venture capital and to stimulate the production of high-tech production have been proposed. The combination of changes from the implementation of the investment and innovation strategy, the state investment and innovation policy will result in the growth of labor productivity, ensure the competitiveness of the economy and sustainable socio-economic development of Ukraine.

Labor productivity in the non-resource sectors of the Russian economy: What determines firm-level growth?

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-67
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Simachev ◽  
M. G. Kuzyk ◽  
A. A. Fedyunina ◽  
A. A. Zaytsev ◽  
M. A. Yurevich
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
High Level

The study discusses underlying factors of labor productivity in firms of basic non-resource industries of the Russian economy and considers the role of innovation and investment activity, human capital development, competitive environment and government support. The data is based on the results of a survey of managers of 713 companies in basic non-resource industries (manufacturing, agriculture, transport, construction). We find high level of divergence of firm productivity at the industry level. We show that higher level of productivity is accompanied with investments in human capital, in fixed assets, as well as the use of digital technologies, but we do not find that higher productivity is accompanied by innovations and expenditures on research and development. We show that productivity growth is combined not only with investment, but also with innovative activity (process innovations) and R&D expenditures. The driver of productivity growth is the private sector: the increase in productivity is driven by firms serving the demand of private medium and large companies. Competitive environment is another factor: moderate competition with import (which acts as a stimulus for innovations of Russian companies) is a condition for the productivity growth.

scholarly journals The Productivity Gap between Europe and the United States: Trends and Causes

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart van Ark ◽  
Mary O'Mahony ◽  
Marcel P Timmer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
High Level ◽  
Productivity Gap

Since the mid-1990s, labor productivity growth in Europe has significantly slowed compared to earlier decades. In contrast, labor productivity growth in the United States accelerated, so that a new productivity gap has opened up. This paper shows that this development is attributable to the slower emergence of the knowledge economy in Europe. We consider various explanations which are not mutually exclusive. These include lower growth contributions from investment in information and communication technology; the small share of information and communications technology–producing industries in Europe; and slower multifactor productivity growth, which proxies for advances in technology and innovation. Underlying these are issues related to the functioning of European labor markets and the high level of product market regulation in Europe. The paper emphasizes the key role of market service sectors in accounting for the productivity growth divergence between the two regions. We argue that improved productivity growth in Europe's market services will be needed to avoid a further widening of the productivity gap.

Labor productivity growth strategy and support for employment in industrial enterprises

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
A.N. Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Lean Production ◽  
Structural Reform ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
National Project ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Employment Support ◽  
Main Components

The article examines the main components of the strategy for increasing labor productivity in industrial enterprises, reflected in the materials of the national project "Labor productivity and employment support" and specified in the formulas for calculating productivity for enterprises of various industries. The role of lean production as one of the most important tools for productivity growth in the context of structural reform of enterprises based on the principles of shopless management is shown. Particular attention is paid to the criterion of the number of personnel in ensuring the growth of productivity and the prospects for reducing the number in the conditions of shopless production.

scholarly journals Growth of labor productivity in Vietnam: Approach by shift - share analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Chuong Ngoc Huynh ◽  
My Nhan Le
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
High Level ◽  
Growth Quality

In 1990s, the economic growth rate of Vietnam reached a high level and was stable. The labor productivity growth is one of the most important indicators of economic growth quality. Using shift-share analysis approach on data obtained from GSO and worldbank, the authors find that the quality of the labor productivity growth depends on within-sector effect in Vietnam economy. However, the quality of labor productivity growth has been low in recent years. We therefore offer suggestions to improve the quality of labor productivity growth based on enhancing capital - technology intensive.

scholarly journals Russian Resource-Extraction Companies: Conservation of Enclaves of Wealth VS. Movement Toward Integrated Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 076-094
Author(s):  
Kirill S. Sablin ◽  
◽  
Elena S. Kagan ◽  
Alexandr A. Sharov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
State Participation ◽  
High Level

The article is devoted to the comprehensive assessment of the Russian resource-extraction companies’ readiness for the development of the domestic markets, which is an important condition for the formation of an integrated national economy. Currently, Russian economy development is mainly due to the functioning of the export and raw materials sector. This phenomenon leads to the emergence of enclaves of wealth, which do not have any impact on the development of the rest of the economy, and they are connected through short vertical value chains with global markets of raw materials and low added value commodities. Methodological approaches of the study are represented with the concept of dual enclave economy, the concept of global value chains and the concept of discrete structural alternatives. Annual reports of companies and business groups are the primary sources of data. Apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets and the algorithm of fuzzy inference of Sugeno-0 order were chosen as research methods. The fulfilled analyses show that State-owned enterprises and companies that affiliated closely with the State are characterized with high level of readiness for the development of domestic markets. At the same time, private resource-extraction companies demonstrate medium and low levels. It is concluded that high level of readiness of State-owned enterprises is linked with the implementation of the «coercion to innovations» public policy. This policy consists in the need for companies with state participation to adopt innovation development programs, which included increasing the budget resources for R&D, implementation of innovation activities and the modernization of industries. Furthermore, companies/business groups with state participation invest significant resources in fulfilling quasi-public obligations to the population in the regions of economic activities. This is one of the conditions to obtain various privileges and benefits provided by the State (for instance, exclusive access to new hydrocarbon deposits). At the same time, the question about «soft» methods to involve Russian resource-extraction companies/business groups into innovation process on the domestic markets is still open.

INTRODUSING OF EFFICIENT PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT IN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Khalimova А.А. ◽  
Kovalenko A.V. ◽  
Ugolnikov V.V.
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Lean Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production

The article analyzes the possibilities of applying the concepts of lean manufacturing, kaizen and 6 sigma in pharmaceutical production. The number of companies that use one or another productivity improvement system is increasing annually. The pharmaceutical sector is also actively involved in this process. Foreign companies such as Merck, Pfizer, Baxter and others have adopted various concepts of efficient production management since the beginning of the 21st century. In Russia, not only pharmaceutical companies, but also the state realized the need to implement such systems. Since 2010, many government programs and projects have been implemented to improve the efficiency of enterprises, expand them and increase exports. Some projects are focused only on the pharmaceutical industry (anti-epidemic projects, drug labeling, etc.), others - on certain industries (SPIC, labor productivity, labor productivity with RFRP). The "Labor Productivity" project is the only one that directly related to the implementation of lean production; in the rest, lean production can be implemented along with the implementation of the project's tasks. So, for example, the company AstraZeneca Industries Ltd did it, having carried out the localization of production in the Kaluga region under the SPIC project according to the Lean production principles. The article analyzes the activities of Russian companies that implement lean manufacturing tools under the national project "Labor productivity". The project participants are distributed in accordance with the types of products produced, by geography and the type of participation in the state program. The experience of the Werteks company, which introduced lean manufacturing tools with the participation of the Japan Association for Trade with Russia and Newly Independent States, was also studied.

Evolution and Sectoral Competitiveness of the Brazilian Manufacturing Industry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo César Morceiro
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Wage Increases ◽  
Technological Intensity ◽  
Credit Boom

Production and employment in the Brazilian manufacturing industry grew significantly in the decade from 2004 to 2013, but the technological intensity of production activities declined. Growth was driven by domestic demand, which performed well due to the significant job creation, real minimum wage increases, and the credit boom. However, Brazilian manufacturing lost competitiveness, presented a negative labor productivity growth, and registered trade deficits in most sectors, including those traditionally associated with surpluses. The chapter also shows that the manufacturing sector is integrated into the global value chains by imports, but not by exports—which is a case of introverted fragmentation.

Opportunities for accelerating labor productivity growth: The role of small and medium enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-114
Author(s):  
Evguenia V. Bessonova ◽  
Alexander G. Morozov ◽  
Natalia A. Turdyeva ◽  
Anna N. Tsvetkova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Firms

The paper considers necessary conditions for acceleration of labor productivity growth in Russia. Based on micro data, as well as aggregate data, the paper quantifies the contribution of small and medium firms to labor productivity growth. It shows that mere increase of the number of small and medium enterprises is not as important for positive effects of these programs, as qualitative improvements: development of favorable environment for growth, which is largely determined by business climate. Accelerating productivity growth involves redistribution of labor and capital from inefficient to efficient enterprises. In particular, it is necessary to create conditions, which allow a firm to grow after it enters the market instead of stagnating as a small firm with low efficiency. At the same time, it is necessary for ineffective firms, which exhausted their growth potential, to have an opportunity to exit the market easily leaving resources including labor to fast-growing companies.

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