scholarly journals Book Review: Ryan Gingeras, Eternal Dawn: Turkey in the Age of Atatürk, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
Evren Altinkas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
The People ◽  
Turkish Nationalism ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman

This book analyses the transformation from the late Ottoman period to the modern Republic of Turkey with a focus on Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the reforms implemented during the early years of the republic. The book familiarizes the readers with the political, social and economic transformation of the country by focusing on specific cases and examples with a comprehensive historical background. Gingeras focuses on the historical background of major topics (e.g. Reforms, Kurdish Revolts, Turkish Nationalism etc.) in the early Republic of Turkey and connects them with the developments in the late Ottoman Empire. This book is different from previous works because it emphasizes the relations between the new state and the people in Anatolia.

Education and Change in the Late Ottoman Empire and Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-62
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Fortna
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman

This article addresses the interrelated changes taking place in education during the transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In particular, it focuses on the ways in which schools altered their approach to space, time, and economic priorities in order to align themselves with the shifting conditions of the period. It proceeds by examining a series of tensions between the desiderata of state and society, the collective and the individual, the secular and the religious, the national and the supranational, before assessing the diverse range of responses they elicited.

Ottoman Muslim and Turkish women in an international context

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLE A. N. M. VAN OS
Keyword(s):  
Women's Movements ◽  
Turkish Women ◽  
Feminist Activism ◽  
International Context ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman

Women's movements in the late Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey are explored in an international context. The international contacts of individual and organized women in both the first and the second waves of ‘feminist’ activism are considered. It is necessary to determine the influence, on the one hand, of Turkish women on the international scene of the women's movement and, on the other hand, the influence of the international organizations on Turkish policies vis-à-vis women. In this way a little light can be shed on the indirect ways Turkish women, through international networks, were and are able to exert influence on the changing policies of the Turkish government regarding the position of women in their society.

A “YOUNG TURK” ISLAMIC INTELLECTUAL: FILIBELI AHMED HILMI AND THE DIVERSE INTELLECTUAL LEGACIES OF THE LATE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Bein
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
Political Works ◽  
The One ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman

Among the late Ottoman thinkers and writers who laid the foundations of intellectual life in modern Turkey, Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi (1865–1914) is a prominent figure. His intellectual legacy survived the destruction of the Ottoman Empire and the founding of the Republic of Turkey. Virtually all his books have been republished in recent years in simplified modern Turkish versions accessible to present-day readers, and some have also been the subject of academic studies. His oeuvre includes dozens of historical, philosophical, theological, and political works, as well as novels, poems, satirical pieces, and plays. All were produced in a six-year period, between the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 and his death by poisoning in 1914. The overtly modernist underpinnings of his works on the one hand, and his Sufi piety and firm rejection of materialism and positivism on the other, have earned him recognition as an early exponent of a modernist, nonliteralist Islamic agenda of a kind that has been conspicuous in a variety of Turkish-Islamic movements in recent decades. His untimely death, later attributed to a Freemason–Zionist conspiracy, added further to his mystique in some Islamic circles. Modernist yet deeply devout, Islamist yet uninterested in scripturalist paths of religious revival, Ahmed Hilmi stands out as a representative of an important intellectual trend that has often been overlooked in studies of the late Ottoman period.

Medieval Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-172
Author(s):  
Scott Redford
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Islamic Archaeology ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman ◽  
Historical Periods

In this chapter, Islamic archaeology of the medieval (11th–14th centuries) period in Turkey is related to international as well as national developments in the late Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey in areas like cultural policy, economic development, and tourism. These and other factors directly impacted the choice of sites to be excavated, thereby affecting the archaeological record. The author also examines Islamic archaeology in Turkey in relation to that of other historical periods there and raises cases in which the archaeology of this period can address the cultural and economic shift that accompanied the establishment of Turco-Islamic states in former Byzantine lands.

Eternal Dawn

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Gingeras
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

In the first years after its founding, the Republic of Turkey was widely praised as a model state governed by an enlightened elite. In contrast to the Soviet Union or Nazi Germany, Turkey was viewed as politically moderate, stable, and friendly to the West. It instead appeared to be a state that had radically transformed itself into a strong, united, and progressive nation unburdened by its past. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was held to be the chief architect and engineer of this feat and was placed by many among the greatest reforming statesmen in world history. These perceptions of Atatürk and his revolutionary rule have endured to this day. As a study grounded in untapped archival and scholarly sources, Eternal Dawn presents a definitive look inside the development and evolution of Atatürk’s Turkey. Ryan Gingeras presents Turkey’s early years as the culmination of a variety of social and political forces dating back to the late Ottoman Empire. Eternal Dawn presses beyond the reigning mythology that still envelops this period and challenges many of the standing assumptions about the limits, successes, and consequences of the reforms of Mustafa Kemal. Through a detailed survey of the social and political conditions that defined life in Turkey’s diverse provinces, Ryan Gingeras lays bare many of the harsh realities and bitter legacies of the republic’s founding. Atatürk’s revolution destroyed as much as it built and established precedents that strengthened and undermined the country’s long-term stability.

scholarly journals Understanding the exclusionary politics of early Turkish nationalism: an ethnic boundary-making approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Goalwin
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
National Community ◽  
Ethnic Boundary ◽  
Turkish Nationalism ◽  
Boundary Making ◽  
The Republic ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Ethnic Divide ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

Turkish nationalism has long presented a study in contrasts. The nationalist movement that created the Republic of Turkey sought to define the nation in explicitly civic and inclusive terms, promoting a variety of integrationist reforms. Those same nationalist politicians, however, endorsed other policies that were far more exclusionary, expelling many religious and ethnic minorities from the new nation and imposing harsh restrictions on those who remained. The seemingly contradictory nature of Turkish nationalist policies has been mirrored by much of the scholarship on Turkish nationalism, which has often viewed Turkish nationality through the lens of the “civic/ethnic divide,” with various scholars arguing that the Turkish nation is exclusively civic or ethnic. This article seeks to transcend this dichotomous way of looking at Turkish nationalism. I argue that the policies previously seen as being exclusively civic or ethnic are in fact both examples of boundary-making processes, designed to forge a cohesive nationalist community. Seen through a boundary-making perspective, the seemingly contradictory nature of Turkish nationalist policies in its early years is not paradoxical at all, but represents a multidimensional effort to construct a cohesive national community that could replace the defunct Ottoman state.

scholarly journals Understanding the Exclusionary Politics of Early Turkish Nationalism: An Ethnic Boundary-Making Approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Goalwin
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
National Community ◽  
Ethnic Boundary ◽  
Turkish Nationalism ◽  
Boundary Making ◽  
The Republic ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Ethnic Divide ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

* Final published version available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1315394 * Turkish nationalism has long presented a study in contrasts. The nationalist movement that created the Republic of Turkey sought to define the nation in explicitly civic and inclusive terms, promoting a variety of integrationist reforms. At the same time, however, those same nationalist politicians endorsed other policies that were far more exclusionary, expelling many religious and ethnic minorities from the new nation and imposing harsh restrictions on those who remained. The seemingly contradictory nature of Turkish nationalist policies has been mirrored by much of the scholarship on Turkish nationalism, which has often viewed Turkish nationality through the lens of the “civic/ethnic divide,” with various scholars arguing that the Turkish nation is exclusively civic or ethnic. This article seeks to transcend this dichotomous way of looking at Turkish nationalism. I argue that the policies previously seen as being exclusively civic or ethnic are in fact both examples of boundary-making processes, designed to forge a cohesive nationalist community. Seen through a boundary-making perspective, the seemingly contradictory nature of Turkish nationalist policies in its early years are not paradoxical at all, but represent a multi-dimensional effort to construct a cohesive national community that could replace the defunct Ottoman state.

scholarly journals Fatma Aliye Hanım: Gender Debates in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-716
Author(s):  
Zeynep Direk
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman

Abstract This essay explores the late nineteenth and early twentieth Century gender debates in the late Ottoman Empire, and the early Republic of Turkey with a focus on Fatma Aliye’s presence in the public space, as the first Ottoman woman philosopher, novelist, and public intellectual. I choose to concentrate on her because of the important stakes of the gender debates of that period, and the ways in which they are echoed in the present can be effectively discussed by reflecting on the ways in which Fatma Aliye is read, presented, and received. In the first part of this paper, I talk about Fatma Aliye’s life and experience of her gender as a woman, and point to her key interests as a writer and philosopher. In the second part, I situate her in the political history of feminism during the Rearrangement Period (Tanzimat), the Second Constitutional Era (II. Meşrutiyet), and the institution of the modern Republic of Turkey. Lastly, in the third part, I discuss the diverse ways in which she is interpreted in contemporary Turkey. I explore the political impact of the reception of Fatma Aliye as an intellectual figure on the current gender debates in Turkey.

The Commission for the Preservation of Antiquities and its role in the appropriation of İstanbul’s diverse heritage as national heritage (1939–1953)

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 75-99
Author(s):  
Pınar Aykaç
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Significant Aspect ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Turkish Nationalism ◽  
National Monuments ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Early Republican ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
The City

AbstractThis paper argues that the early Republican attempts to reintegrate the Ottoman past into nationalist narratives later found their reflections in discussions regarding the preservation of İstanbul’s diverse heritage, coinciding with the redefinition of Turkish nationalism in the 1940s, incorporating Islam and marking a departure from the foundation ideology of the Republic of Turkey. In 1939, the Republican authorities decided to celebrate the 500th anniversary of the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1953. The Commission for the Preservation of Antiquities (Muhafaza-ı Asar-ı Atika Encümeni)—the body responsible for the preservation of historic monuments in İstanbul—was tasked with conducting restoration and repair works for the celebrations. Although the celebrations did not receive much attention in the following years, the annual celebrations in the city have now become a significant aspect of present-day İstanbul, which glorify its Ottoman-Islamic past. By presenting its negotiations and contestations with other state actors in the context of these preparations, this paper explores the role of the Preservation Commission in appropriating the inherited remnants of İstanbul’s multifaceted past as “national monuments.”

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