scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of Bio-Oil Transformation from Thistle in the Italian Context: An LCA Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-446
Author(s):  
Samuele Tortoioli ◽  
Luisa Paolotti ◽  
Francesco Romagnoli ◽  
Antonio Boggia ◽  
Lucia Rocchi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Umbria Region

AbstractThe present study is a cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment of a hypothetical production process of rigid polyurethane foam obtained from thistle seed oil, grown on the marginal soils of the Umbria region, Italy. Thistle is a particularly rustic crop, suitable for difficult soil and climatic conditions that allow its cultivation in the Mediterranean area on marginal lands and with only the water supply of the autumn-spring rains. Life Cycle Inventory was built on up-to-date inventory for thistle production, while experimental data for polyol and synthesis were obtained from literature, with reference to a pilot scale reactor. Energy recovery of lignocellulosic biomass and sensitivity analysis were also included in the study. Life Cycle Assessment was performed using SimaPro 9.0 and impacts were evaluated with the Impact2000+ method. Results show the overall impact of thistle oil including its final use for the production of polyurethane foam, and underline the important contribution as environmental benefit of the use of biomass leftovers in the agricultural phase. Moreover, results show that the major impacts of the rigid polyurethane foam production process were related to the synthesis of the foam itself. Among the previous phases constituting the process of synthesis of the polyol, the most impactful one was the cultivation; the oil processing stage, on the other hand, had a small global impact. The synthesis of the foam, taken individually, generated a greater impact than the entire synthesis process of the vegetable polyol starting from the cultivation of thistle.

Analysis of Production Process Improvement with Life Cycle Assessment Technology˜ Example of HDPE Pipe Manufacturing

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-56
Author(s):  
Shiaw‐Wen Tien ◽  
Chung‐Ching Chiu ◽  
Yi‐Chan Chung ◽  
Chih‐Hung Tsai ◽  
Chin‐Fa Chang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Process Improvement ◽  
Hdpe Pipe ◽  
Assessment Technology ◽  
Pipe Manufacturing

scholarly journals Application of Life Cycle Assessment and Machine Learning for High-Throughput Screening of Green Chemical Substitutes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinzhe Zhu ◽  
Chi-Hung Ho ◽  
Xiaonan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Molecular Descriptors ◽  
Trifluoroacetic Anhydride ◽  
Chemical Materials

<p><a></a><a>The production process of many active pharmaceutical ingredients such as sitagliptin could cause severe environmental problems due to the use of toxic chemical materials and production infrastructure, energy consumption and wastes treatment. The environmental impacts of sitagliptin production process were estimated with life cycle assessment (LCA) method, which suggested that the use of chemical materials provided the major environmental impacts. Both methods of Eco-indicator 99 and ReCiPe endpoints confirmed that chemical feedstock accounted 83% and 70% of life-cycle impact, respectively. Among all the chemical materials used in the sitagliptin production process, </a><a>trifluoroacetic anhydride </a>was identified as the largest influential factor in most impact categories according to the results of ReCiPe midpoints method. Therefore, high-throughput screening was performed to seek for green chemical substitutes to replace the target chemical (i.e. trifluoroacetic anhydride) by the following three steps. Firstly, thirty most similar chemicals were obtained from two million candidate alternatives in PubChem database based on their molecular descriptors. Thereafter, deep learning neural network models were developed to predict life-cycle impact according to the chemicals in Ecoinvent v3.5 database with known LCA values and corresponding molecular descriptors. Finally, 1,2-ethanediyl ester was proved to be one of the potential greener substitutes after the LCA data of these similar chemicals were predicted using the well-trained machine learning models. The case study demonstrated the applicability of the novel framework to screen green chemical substitutes and optimize the pharmaceutical manufacturing process.</p>

Evaluating the Environmental Impact Score of a Residential Building Using Life Cycle Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-159
Author(s):  
Manish Sakhlecha ◽  
Samir Bajpai ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Growing Economy

Buildings consume major amount of energy as well as natural resources leading to negative environmental impacts like resource depletion and pollution. The current task for the construction sector is to develop an evaluation tool for rating of buildings based on their environmental impacts. There are various assessment tools and models developed by different agencies in different countries to evaluate building's effect on environment. Although these tools have been successfully used and implemented in the respective regions of their origin, the problems of application occur, especially during regional adaptation in other countries due to peculiarities associated with the specific geographic location, climatic conditions, construction methods and materials. India is a rapidly growing economy with exponential increase in housing sector. Impact assessment model for a residential building has been developed based on life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. The life cycle impact assessment score was obtained for a sample house considering fifteen combinations of materials paired with 100% thermal electricity and 70%-30% thermal-solar combination, applying normalization and weighting to the LCA results. The LCA score of portland slag cement with burnt clay red brick and 70%-30% thermal-solar combination (PSC+TS+RB) was found to have the best score and ordinary Portland cement with flyash brick and 100% thermal power (OPC+T+FAB) had the worst score, showing the scope for further improvement in LCA model to include positive scores for substitution of natural resources with industrial waste otherwise polluting the environment.

scholarly journals Energy Balance Calculation with Life Cycle Assessment for Production of Palm Biodiesel in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 10005
Author(s):  
Yoyon Wahyono ◽  
H. Hadiyanto ◽  
Mochamad Arief Budihardjo ◽  
Widayat
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Balance Analysis ◽  
Energy Surplus

Energy balance analysis study for the production process of biodiesel needs to be done to find out whether a production process of biodiesel activity has a surplus energy or minus energy. This study aims to analyse the balance of energy of the plantation of palm, production of palm oil, and production process units of biodiesel with the life cycle assessment in Banyuasin - Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the largest energy input in the plantation of palm, production of palm oil, and production process units of biodiesel sequentially is the use of urea as N-fertilizer, electricity, and methanol. The value of NEB and NER in the production process of palm biodiesel sequentially is 5871 MJ and 1.17. Finally, the production process of palm biodiesel in Banyuasin area has a positive energy balance. The activity of production of palm biodiesel is proper to operate because it produces an energy surplus.

scholarly journals Eco-efficiency Level of Production Process of Waste Cooking Oil to be Biodiesel with Life Cycle Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 10004
Author(s):  
Sri Hartini ◽  
Diana Puspitasari ◽  
Nabila Roudhatul Aisy ◽  
Yusuf Widharto
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cooking Oil

Lack of awareness and knowledge of environmental protection, many people discard cooking oil waste. According to several studies, cooking oil waste can be processed into more valuable products through certain processes that require energy and material. Biodiesel is an example. Beside biodiesel, the production process also produces non-product output. Thus, efforts to utilize cooking oil waste into more valuable products also have a negative impact on the environment. This study aims to measure the environmental impact of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil and compare it if it is discharged to landfill without the recycling process. Measurement of environmental impacts is carried out using a Life Cycle Assessment. Measurement of the environmental impact of biodiesel processing from cooking oil waste is based on a process carried out at a research institute. The measurement results state that the disposal of cooking oil waste has an adverse effect on the ecotoxicity category. Whereas the processing of cooking oil waste into biodiesel has advantages in the categories of climate change, the formation of photochemical oxidants, fine dust, oil and gas depletion, and water pressure indicators. the level of eco efficiency from processing waste cooking oil to biodiesel produces a value close to one which means that the production process is affordable but not yet sustainable.

scholarly journals On the life-cycle of ameles spallanzania (Rossi, 1792) (Insecta, Mantodea)

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Roberto Battiston ◽  
Carlo Galliani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Continental Area ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

The recent find of an <em>Ameles spallanzania</em> population in a continental area of northern Italy permitted to redraw the northernmost edge of the distribution of this species and to study its life cycle in extreme climatic conditions. A comparison with collecting records of adult specimens from the Mediterranean area has been performed to put in evidence how this species adapts its life-cycle timings in different latitudes: hatching earlier or using nymphs to overwinter in warmer localities or oothecae in colder ones. Overwintering strategies of <em>Ameles spallanzania</em> have been compared with strategies of other genera of mantids that share the same habitat but have different life-cycle strategies and general distribution. Different developing times in mantids seem to be linked to behavioural strategies more than physiological attitudes.

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