scholarly journals Considering on Lightning Electric Fields in Presence of Ground Reflection at Non-Perfect Ground

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
Mahdi Izadi ◽  
M. Z. A. Ab Kadir ◽  
Maryam Hajikhani
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Base Current ◽  
Triggered Lightning ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Ground Conductivity

Abstract In this paper, general electric field expressions are proposed to consider the effect of channel base ground reflections and ground conductivity on the electric field components due to lightning. The proposed method can support different current models and functions directly in the time domain without the need to apply any extra conversions. The proposed method is applied on a sample of measured channel base current from triggered lightning experiment and the results are discussed accordingly. The results show that the ground reflection and ground conductivity can have an effect on the peak values of the electric fields whereby the electric field components have a great effect on the widely used coupling models.

scholarly journals Reconstruction algorithm for tunneling ionization with a perturbation for the time-domain observation of an electric-field

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wosik Cho ◽  
Jeong-uk Shin ◽  
Kyung Taec Kim
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
High Order ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Tunneling Ionization ◽  
Order Contribution ◽  
High Order Contribution ◽  
The Time Domain

AbstractWe present a reconstruction algorithm developed for the temporal characterization method called tunneling ionization with a perturbation for the time-domain observation of an electric field (TIPTOE). The reconstruction algorithm considers the high-order contribution of an additional laser pulse to ionization, enabling the use of an intense additional laser pulse. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio of the TIPTOE measurement is improved by at least one order of magnitude compared to the first-order approximation. In addition, the high-order contribution provides additional information regarding the pulse envelope. The reconstruction algorithm was tested with ionization yields obtained by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The optimal conditions for accurate reconstruction were analyzed. The reconstruction algorithm was also tested using experimental data obtained using few-cycle laser pulses. The reconstructed pulses obtained under different dispersion conditions exhibited good consistency. These results confirm the validity and accuracy of the reconstruction process.

scholarly journals Lightning Channel-Base Current Identification as Solution of a Volterralike Integral Equation

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Delfino ◽  
Renato Procopio ◽  
Mansueto Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equation ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Measurement Noise ◽  
Induction Field ◽  
Base Current ◽  
Lightning Channel ◽  
Regularization Techniques ◽  
Ill Conditioning ◽  
The Time Domain

In this paper, a novel procedure to reconstruct the lightning channel-base current starting from the measurement of the induction field generated by it is presented. The procedure is based on a suitable mathematical manipulation of the equation expressing the induction field in the time domain, in order to transform it into a Volterra-like integral equation. Such kind of equations can be easily numerically solved without resorting to any sort of regularization techniques as they are not affected by the typical ill-conditioning of the inverse problems. The developed algorithm has been validated by means of several numerical simulations, which have shown its effectiveness also in presence of measurement noise on the induction field values.

Time- and Frequency- Domain Analysis of Transient Electroosmotic Flow Induced by Sinusoidal AC Electric Field in a Curved Microtube

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Win-Jet Luo ◽  
Jia-Kun Chen ◽  
Ruey-Jen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Electroosmotic Flow ◽  
Sustained Oscillation ◽  
Sustained Oscillations ◽  
Ac Electric Field ◽  
Velocity Response ◽  
The Time Domain

A backwards-Euler time-stepping numerical method is applied to simulate the transient response of electroosmotic flow in a curved microtube. The velocity responses of the flow fields induced by applied sinusoidal AC electric fields of different frequencies are investigated. The transient response of the system is fundamentally important since both the amplitude and the time duration of the transient response must be maintained within tolerable or prescribed limits. When a sinusoidal AC electric field is applied, the transient response of the output velocity oscillates in the time-domain. However, after a certain settling time, the output velocity attains a sustained oscillation with the same amplitude as the driving field. In this study, the transient response of the electroosmotic flow is characterized by the time taken by the velocity response to reach the first peak, the peak of the sustained oscillation, the maximum overshoot, the settling time, and the bandwidth of the sustained oscillations in the time-domain. Meanwhile, the performance of the system is identified by plotting the output velocity response and the output velocity phase-shift against the frequency of the applied signal. A finite time is required for the momentum to diffuse fully from the walls to the center of the curved microtube cross-section. As the applied frequency is increased, the maximum overshoot and the bandwidth and peak of the sustained oscillations gradually decrease since insufficient time exists for the momentum to diffuse fully to the center of the microtube. Additionally, the phase-shift between the applied electric field and the output velocity response gradually increases as the frequency of the applied signal is increased.

Coherent electric field characterization of molecular chirality in the time domain

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 4457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanju Rhee ◽  
Intae Eom ◽  
Sung-Hyun Ahn ◽  
Minhaeng Cho
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Molecular Chirality ◽  
The Time Domain
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