scholarly journals Toxicity assessment of agrochemical Almix in Heteropneustes fossilis through histopathological alterations

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palas Samanta ◽  
Rituparna Das ◽  
Sandipan Pal ◽  
Aloke Kumar Mukherjee ◽  
Tarakeshwar Senapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuolation ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract The present study was designed to assess the adverse effects of the agrochemical Almix on comparative basis in gill, liver and kidney of Heteropneustes fossilis through histological and ultrastructural observations under field (8 g/acre) and laboratory (66.67 mg/L) conditions. Exposure duration of both experiments was 30 days. Gill showed atrophy in secondary lamellae, hypertrophied gill epithelium, damage in chloride and pillar cells, and detachment of chloride cells from gill epithelium under laboratory condition, but hypertrophy in gill epithelium and fusion in secondary lamellae were seen under field condition. In gill, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed fragmentation in microridges, hyper-secretion of mucus and loss of normal array in microridges, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) displayed dilated mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), abnormal sized vacuolation in chloride cells under laboratory condition. In liver, hypertrophied and pyknotic nuclei, disarrangement of hepatic cords, and cytoplasmic vacuolation were prominent under laboratory study but in field condition the liver showed little alterations. TEM study showed severe degeneration in RER and mitochondria and cytoplasmic vacuolation under laboratory condition but dilated mitochondria were prominent in field observation. Kidney showed severe nephropathic effects including degenerative changes in proximal and distal convolute tubule, damage in glomerulus under light microscopy, while deformity in nucleus, fragmentation in RER, severe vacuolation and necrosis in kidney were prominent under TEM study. The results clearly demonstrated that responses were more prominent in laboratory than field study. Thus the responses displayed by different tissues of concerned fish species exposed to Almix could be considered as indications of herbicide toxicity in aquatic ecosystem.

Analysis of Gill Structure from a Fresh Water Fish (Heteropneustes fossilis) Exposed to Bleached Sulfite Pulp Mill Effluents

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Dey ◽  
Utpal Rajguru ◽  
Dinesh Chandra Pathak ◽  
Umesh C. Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sulfite Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe present communication reports toxic effects of bleached sulfite pulp mill effluents in fish (Heteropneustes fossilis) gills, with optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. The general adverse effects include dilation of the primary lamellar wall, curling of secondary lamellar terminals, displacement of epithelial cell layers, degeneration of secondary lamella, deposition of mucous, and severe congestion in the gill arch. The significant shortening of secondary lamellae, widening of lamellar tips, and significant decrease in the number of mitochondria in chloride cells as compared to controls are some specific effects of bleached sulfite pulp mill effluents. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated tearing of tissues in gill lamellae and arches. Transmission electron microscopy revealed membrane distortion of mitochondria in chloride cells, loss of uniformity of microvilli in pavement cells, and abnormalities in nuclear shape in different cells of effluent-exposed fish gills. Toxicity of the bleached sulfite pulp mill effluents and its impact on fish are discussed in the light of existing literature. Further, the importance of microscopy in toxicological evaluation of environmental pollutants is emphasized in view of its specific application potential.

Changes in the apical surface of chloride cells following acclimation of lampreys to seawater

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. R125-R133 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bartels ◽  
A. Moldenhauer ◽  
I. C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Paracellular Permeability ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Full Width ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Pavement Cells ◽  
Paracellular Shunt ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the changes that occur in the morphological relationships between chloride and pavement cells in the gills during acclimation of young adult lampreys to seawater. Because chloride cells are located predominantly between lamellae and are thus obscured from view, the lamellae were removed with the use of a micromanipulator installed in a SEM. In gills of animals maintained in river water, chloride cells could then be seen to be dislike and typically to form single rows between successive lamellae. After acclimation to seawater, the apical surfaces of chloride cells lose their microvilli and change in shape from small circles to rectangles that extend the full width between successive lamellae. These changes result in an increase in the length of the paracellular pathway between chloride cells. Previous work has shown that the number of strands of the zonulae occludentes sealing this pathway declines under these conditions. This presumably leads to an increase in paracellular permeability of the gill epithelium, thereby providing the low-resistance paracellular shunt required for the passive movement of sodium into the environment during osmoregulation in seawater. The above changes are reversed by transfer of lampreys downward to 10% seawater.

scholarly journals Área mitocondrial relativa nos epitélios branquial e renal do baiacu estuarino tropical Sphoeroides testudineus após aclimatação a água do mar isosmótica

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Prodocimo ◽  
Carolina A. Freire
Keyword(s):  
Gill Filament ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Tubular System ◽  
Lamellar Region ◽  
Apical Vesicles ◽  
Junctional Complexes

The gills of teleost fishes are responsible both for gas exchangein respiration and salt transport in osmoregulation (JOBLING,  1995; ZADUNAISKY, 1996; PERRY, 1997; VAN DER HEIJDEN et al., 1997; EVANS et al., 1999; EVANS et al., 2005). In marine teleosts the gill epithelium secretes salt mainly through chloride cells (JOBLING, 1995; ZADUNAISKY, 1996; PERRY, 1997; VAN DER HEIJDEN et al., 1997; FERNANDES et al., 1998; EVANS et al., 2005). These cells are typically located between secondary lamellae at their insertion in the gill filament (inter-lamellar region) or in the gill filament itself (LAURENT & DUNEL, 1980; PERRY, 1997; FERNANDES et al., 1998; EVANS et al., 2005). These cells are rounded, display abundant mitochondria, a tubular system of endomembranes, sub-apical vesicles, and extensive intercellular junctional complexes (LAURENT & DUNEL, 1980; JOBLING, 1995; ZADUNAISKY, 1996; PERRy, 1997; EVANS et al., 2005).

Development of apical pits in chloride cells of the gills of Pimephales promelas after chronic exposure to acid water

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
Richard L. Leino ◽  
Jon G. Anderson ◽  
J. Howard McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Flow Through

Groups of 12 fathead minnows were exposed for 129 days to Lake Superior water acidified (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 or 6.5) with reagent grade H2SO4 by means of a multichannel toxicant system for flow-through bioassays. Untreated water (pH 7.5) had the following properties: hardness 45.3 ± 0.3 (95% confidence interval) mg/1 as CaCO3; alkalinity 42.6 ± 0.2 mg/1; Cl- 0.03 meq/1; Na+ 0.05 meq/1; K+ 0.01 meq/1; Ca2+ 0.68 meq/1; Mg2+ 0.26 meq/1; dissolved O2 5.8 ± 0.3 mg/1; free CO2 3.2 ± 0.4 mg/1; T= 24.3 ± 0.1°C. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd gills were subsequently processed for LM (methacrylate), TEM and SEM respectively.Three changes involving chloride cells were correlated with increasing acidity: 1) the appearance of apical pits (figs. 2,5 as compared to figs. 1, 3,4) in chloride cells (about 22% of the chloride cells had pits at pH 5.0); 2) increases in their numbers and 3) increases in the % of these cells in the epithelium of the secondary lamellae.

Assessment of oxidative DNA damage, oxidative stress responses and histopathological alterations in gill and liver tissues of Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with linuron

2020 ◽  
pp. 096032712098420
Author(s):  
Ahmet Topal ◽  
Arzu Gergit ◽  
Mustafa Özkaraca
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Oxidative Stress Responses

We investigated changes in 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) activity which is a product of oxidative DNA damage, histopathological changes and antioxidant responses in liver and gill tissues of rainbow trout, following a 21-day exposure to three different concentrations of linuron (30 µg/L, 120 µg/L and 240 µg/L). Our results indicated that linuron concentrations caused an increase in LPO levels of liver and gill tissues ( p < 0.05). While linuron induced both increases and decreases in GSH levels and SOD activity, CAT activity was decreased by all concentrations of linuron ( p < 0.05). The immunopositivity of 8-OHdG was detected in the hepatocytes of liver and in the epithelial and chloride cells of the secondary lamellae of the gill tissues. Our results suggested that linuron could cause oxidative DNA damage by causing an increase in 8-OHdG activity in tissues, and it induces histopathological damage and alterations in the antioxidant parameters of the tissues.

An X-Linked Recessive Cardiomyopathy with Abnormal Mitochondria

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry B. Neustein ◽  
Paul R. Lurie ◽  
Beverly Dahms ◽  
Masato Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Endomyocardial Biopsy ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Chronic Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Family Pedigree ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Abnormal Mitochondria

A transvascular endomyocardial biopsy from an infant with cardiomyopathy and chronic congestive heart failure showed abnormal mitochondria when examined by electron microscopy. At necropsy, similar abnormal mitochondria were seen in skeletal muscles, liver, and kidney. The patient's family pedigree revealed several male babies who had cardiac disease and died in infancy. Myocardium obtained at necropsy from three cousins contained mitochondria with abnormalities similar to those from the proband. An X-linked recessive cardiomyopathy seems likely in this family.

scholarly journals Residual effect of two insecticides and neem oil against epilachna beetle, Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fab.) on bitter gourd

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
M Mala ◽  
M M U Islam ◽  
K S Islam
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Field Laboratory ◽  
Epilachna Vigintioctopunctata

Experiments were conducted in the Laboratory and Entomology Field Laboratory to determine the residual effect of two insecticides (viz. Siperin 10EC, Malathion 57EC) and a botanical (Neem oil) against Epilachna beetle, Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fab.) during the period from February to May 2009. To evaluate the residual effect of one synthetic and one organophosphors pesticides and one botanical pesticide on the mortality of Epilachna beetle, different concentrations of the insecticides (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0% of Neem oil, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.5% of Malathion and 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of Siperin.) was used. The mortality of the beetles was recorded at 4, 5, 6 and 7 days after treatments. After 7 days the highest mortality was found on first instar larvae (70.0 in laboratory condition and 65.0 in field condition) treated by Siperin 10EC (1.5% conc.) and the lowest mortality was found on adults Epilachna beetle (17.5 in laboratory condition and 15.0 in field condition) treated by Neem oil (1.0% conc.) The results indicated that Siperin 10EC has longer residual effect than Malathion 57EC and Neem oil. The effectivity ranked: Siperin > Malathion > Neem oil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12034 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 21–25, 2012  

Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Observations of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Gill

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1072-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Kendall ◽  
James E. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Raker

The rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) gill was examined with scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopic techniques as well as an improved glycol methacrylate embedding procedure for light microscopy. The gill epithelium on primary and secondary lamellae contained distinctive surface features consisting of whorled patterns of ridges (microfolds) with intervening grooves, measurements of which were correlated with measurements obtained from TEM tissue sections. The SEM and TEM data complimented each other concerning physical measurements and presence of lamellar ridges and grooves. The microfolds consisted of cellular membrane evaginations with furrows (grooves) between adjacent microfolds. The ridges and grooves on the primary lamellar surface were quite regular in their architecture whereas the ridges of secondary lamellae were farther apart and discontinuous. The gill raker surface also contained low ridges in a whorled pattern with wide intervening grooves. Small pores of variable diameter were observed on the secondary lamellar surface and much larger pores occurred on the primary lamellar and gill raker surface. TEM sections revealed the presence of chloride, pillar I and II, and epithelial cells and the fine structure of their relationship to the capillary bed. These observations were discussed with reference to their possible adaptive value to the trout. Key words: rainbow trout, branchial epithelium, primary lamella, secondary lamella, pillar cell, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy

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