scholarly journals Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and diagnostic methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
T. Hailu ◽  
E. Nibret ◽  
A. Amor ◽  
A. Munshea
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Random Effect Analysis

Summary Strongyloides stercoralis is a helminthic intestinal parasite that causes the disease strongyloidiasis. Its prevalence is high in tropics and sub-tropics due to poor sanitation and hygiene. However, its true prevalence is not well known in Ethiopia as most health institutions use low sensitive diagnostic methods. This review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of S. stercoralis at country, and regional state levels. Papers published on S. stercoralis in Ethiopia from 2010 to 2020 were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar and Science direct databases and Addis Ababa repository. Identification, screening, checking the eligibility, and inclusion of the relevant literatures were done. Articles with S. stercoralis positive results from Ethiopian populations were included. Articles which focused on Strongyloides infection in foreigners, and other than stool samples were excluded. The pooled prevalence of S. stercoralis and heterogeneity between studies and across regions were computed. From the 43 articles, the overall prevalence of S. stercoralis in Ethiopia was 1.82 %. Across regions, relatively high prevalence of S. stercoralis (8.78 %) was recorded in Addis Ababa city. High prevalence of S. stercoralis was found to be 44.02 % with a combination of formol ether concentration, Baermann concentration, and molecular methods. Low prevalence of 0.26 %, 0.31 %, and 1.20 % was evidenced respectively with Kato-Katz, direct saline microscopy, and formol ether concentration methods. Using random effect analysis, the pooled prevalence of S. stercoralis in Ethiopia, across regions and across diagnostic methods was 2.1 % (95 %CI: 1.20 – 3.60), 2.6 % (95 %CI: 0.80 – 8.20) and 3.7 % (95 %CI: 1.10 – 11.70), respectively. The heterogeneity was high (P<0.001). This review revealed that Strongyloides infection is probably underreported and its prevalence could be higher than the reported in Ethiopia. Therefore, a revision of the best combination of diagnostic methods could be advisable as it gives better diagnostic results in routine diagnosis of Strongyloides infection in Ethiopia.

Meta-analysis and Random Effect Analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Ton J. Cleophas ◽  
Aeilko H. Zwinderman
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Random Effect Analysis

scholarly journals A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of characterization of canine parvoviruses 2 prevalent in mainland China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Dong ◽  
Gaoqiang Zhang ◽  
Jiajia Zhang ◽  
Junyu Bai ◽  
Weiming Lin
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a pathogenic virus that infects dogs, causing a highly infectious disease. Monitoring CPV-2 spread is an important part of prevention; however, the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of CPV-2 have not been systematically evaluated and analyzed in mainland China. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of CPV-2 in domestic dogs in mainland China. Methods In this study, Chinese and English literature on CPV-2 epidemiology published between January 2006 and December 2019 was evaluated. Regarding meta-analysis, the random-effect model was employed by forest plot with 95% of confidence interval. The number of CPV-2 infections was identified and the pooled prevalence of infection, as well as the epidemiological characteristics, was calculated using meta-analysis. Results A total of 39 studies (data from 137,844 dogs) met the evaluation criteria and were used in our study. The pooled prevalence of CPV-2 infection in mainland China was 36%. CPV-2 infection were associated with age, breed, sampling season and immunization status, but not with gender, publication time and diagnostic methods. Conclusions Our results indicated that CPV-2 is prevalent among dogs in China. It is therefore necessary to carry out continuous surveillance and epidemiological studies of CPV-2. In addition, accordingly, effective measures should be taken to prevent the transmission and spread of CPV-2 among the Chinese dog population.

scholarly journals 465. Comparative Efficacy of Double vs. Single Antibiotic Regimens for the Empiric Treatment of MRSA-Induced Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S227-S228
Author(s):  
Abdullah A Alhifany ◽  
Nisrin Bifari ◽  
Yasser Alatawi ◽  
Saad Ullah Malik ◽  
Thamer Almangour
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Skin Structure Infection ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Structure Infection ◽  
Random Effect Analysis

Abstract Background The initial management of Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection (ABSSSI) is burdensome. It requires empirical antibiotic therapy that covers both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Vancomycin plus aztreonam are the most commonly used antibiotic combination, nonetheless, they have many limitations which limits their use. Hence, many new single agents with MRSA and gram-negative coverage, oral options, and/or good safety profile have been developed to be a potential alternative such as: ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, tigecycline and the recent FDA approved antibiotic (delafloxacin). In the absence of head-to-head trials comparing these agents, we decided to conduct a network meta-analysis for these therapeutic regimens. Methods A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials identified in PubMed/Medline and Embase databases was conducted. We performed both fixed and random effect models for clinical cure as the primary outcome of interest. Additionally, rankograms were generated using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) to obtain the treatment ranking probabilities in relation to their relative effect. Results We identified 10 eligible studies involving 4,914 patients. The indirect comparison demonstrated that delafloxacin showed no difference in terms of clinical cure compared with ceftaroline (OR, 0.82, 95% Cr.I 0.39–1.8), ceftobiprole (OR, 0.79, 95% Cr.I 0.32–1.9), SOC (OR, 1.2, 95% Cr.I 0.62–2.4) and tigecycline (OR, 1.0, 95% Cr.I 0.45–2.2) in the fixed effect analysis, nor in the random-effect analysis (OR, 0.8, 95% Cr.I 0.26–2.2; OR, 0.78, 95% Cr.I 0.2–3.0; OR, 1.2, 95% Cr.I 0.51–3.1; and OR, 0.96, 95% Cr.I 0.30–3.0), respectively. Furthermore, the ranking probabilities in the fixed-effect and random-effect analysis showed that ceftaroline was ranked the first in terms of clinical cure (SUCRA, 40.02%) followed by ceftobiprole (SUCRA, 22.80%), delafloxacin (SUCRA, 16.60%), SOC (SUCRA, 13.80%), and then tigecycline (SUCRA, 6.70%). Conclusion Ceftaroline, ceftbiprole, delafoxacin, SOC and tigecycline are similarly effective. However, delafloxacin provides better convenience. Further comparative studies regarding their safety are needed. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Current global Status and the Epidemiology of Entamoeba gingivalis in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Badri ◽  
Aida Vafae Eslahi ◽  
Meysam Olfatifar
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Global Status

Abstract Purpose Entamoeba gingivalis (E. gingivalis) is one of the members of the wide range of oral resident pathogens in humans, particularly found in dental plaques, surfaces of gingiva or teeth, interdental spaces and carious lesions. The purpose of the current review and meta-analysis was to determine the global prevalence of E. gingivalis infection and its association with oral diseases based on published literatures. Methods Multiple English databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were explored for papers published until August 2020. A total of 52 studies (including 7596 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Results The overall prevalence of E. gingivalis was estimated to be 37% (95% CI: 29% - 46%). With regard to different countries, the highest and lowest pooled prevalence of E. gingivalis infection were related to Jordan with 87% (95% CI: 81% - 92%) and Portugal with 3% (95% CI: 0% - 10%), respectively. Based on WHO regions, the highest prevalence was related to the region of the Americas with 56% (95% CI: 31%-79%). The infection was most prevalent in 46-55 mean age groups [61% (95% CI: 21% - 94%)]. Among different diagnostic methods, the highest rate of the pooled prevalence was related to the molecular [53% (95% CI: 24% - 81%)] and the direct methods [36% (95% CI: 25% - 47%)], respectively. Our analyses revealed that E. gingivalis infection was associated with 4.34-fold increased risk of oral diseases (P < 0.05).Conclusion Our findings revealed a high prevalence rate of the infection among periodontal disease patients with 37% (95% CI: 20% - 57%). To conclude, it must be considered that E. gingivalis can be a risk factor associated with oral diseases and a wide range of research is needed to specify its role in the pathogenesis of these disorders.

scholarly journals Strongyloidiasis in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Prevalence, Diagnostic Methods, and Study Settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tadesse Hailu ◽  
Endalkachew Nibret ◽  
Arancha Amor ◽  
Abaineh Munshea
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Background. Strongyloidiasis is an intestinal parasitic infection mainly caused by Strongyloides stercoralis. Although it is a predominant parasite in tropics and subtropics where sanitation and hygiene are poorly practiced, the true prevalence of strongyloidiasis is not known due to low-sensitivity diagnostic methods. Objective. This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at determining the pooled prevalence of strongyloidiasis in African countries, stratified by diagnostic methods, study settings, and patients. Methods. Cross-sectional studies on strongyloidiasis published in African countries from the year 2008 up to 2018 in PubMed and Google Scholar databases and which reported at least one Strongyloides spp. infection were included. Identification and screening of eligible articles were also done. Articles whose focus was on strongyloidiasis in animals, soil, and foreigners infected by Strongyloides spp. in Africa were excluded. The random effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of strongyloidiasis across African countries as well as by diagnostic methods and study settings. The heterogeneity between studies was also computed. Result. A total of 82 studies were included. The overall pooled prevalence of strongyloidiasis was 2.7%. By individual techniques, the pooled prevalence of strongyloidiasis was 0.4%, 1.0%, 3.4%, 9.3%, 9.6%, and 19.4% by the respective direct saline microscopy, Kato-Katz, formol ether concentration, polymerase chain reaction, Baermann concentration, and culture diagnostic techniques. The prevalence rates of strongyloidiasis among rural community, school, and health institution studies were 6.8%, 6.4%, and 0.9%, respectively. The variation on the effect size comparing African countries, diagnostic methods, study settings, and patients was significant ( P ≤ 0.001 ). Conclusions. This review shows that strongyloidiasis is overlooked and its prevalence is estimated to be low in Africa due to the use of diagnostic methods with low sensitivity. Therefore, there is a need for using a combination of appropriate diagnostic methods to approach the actual strongyloidiasis rates in Africa.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection Among School-Aged Children of Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863372096281
Author(s):  
Tamirat Hailegebriel ◽  
Endalkachew Nibret ◽  
Abaineh Munshea
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Control And Prevention

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are still major health problems in resource-poor countries. Despite several epidemiological studies were available in Ethiopia, summarized data on the prevalence of STH among school-aged children (SAC) is lacking in the country. Objective: This study was aimed to summarize the existing published studies of STH among SAC children in Ethiopia. Methods: The search was carried out in open access databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed Central which reported STH in Ethiopia. Open access articles published between 2000 and 2019 were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence was determined using a random-effect model while heterogeneities between studies were evaluated by I2 test. Results: A total of 46 338 children (Male = 23 374 and Female = 22 964) were included in the 70 eligible studies for this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of STH among SAC was 33.4%; 95% CI, 29.3% to 37.7% in Ethiopia. Ascaris lumbricoides (19.9%; 95% CI, 17.2%-22.6%) was the most prevalent STH followed by Trichuris trichiura (12.4%; 95% CI, 10.6%-14.1%), and hookworm (7.9%; 95% CI, 6.9%-8.9%) infection in the country. High prevalence of STH was observed in Oromia (42.5%; 95% CI, 31.6%-53.4%) followed by SNNPR (38.3%; 95% CI, 27.7%-48.8%) and Amhara (32.9%; 95% CI, 27.0%-38.8%) regional states. High heterogeneity on the prevalence of STH was observed across studies within and among regions ( I2 > 96% and P < .001). Conclusion: This review showed that more than one-third of the Ethiopian SAC were infected with STH. The high prevalence of STH observed in this review highlight the needs of improved control and prevention strategies in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Prevalence of hypercortisolism in type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 175 (6) ◽  
pp. R247-R253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Steffensen ◽  
Alberto M Pereira ◽  
Olaf M Dekkers ◽  
Jens Otto L Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Adrenal Tumors ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence

Objective Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Cushing’s syndrome (CS) share clinical characteristics, and several small studies have recorded a high prevalence of hypercortisolism in T2D, which could have therapeutic implications. We aimed to assess the prevalence of endogenous hypercortisolism in T2D patients. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Methods A search was performed in SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and EMBASE for original articles assessing the prevalence of endogenous hypercortisolism and CS in T2D. Data were pooled in a random-effect logistic regression model and reported with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results Fourteen articles were included, with a total of 2827 T2D patients. The pooled prevalence of hypercortisolism and CS was 3.4% (95% CI: 1.5–5.9) and 1.4% (95 CI: 0.4–2.9) respectively. The prevalence did not differ between studies of unselected patients and patients selected based on the presence of metabolic features such as obesity or poor glycemic control (P = 0.41 from meta-regression). Imaging in patients with hypercortisolism (n = 102) revealed adrenal tumors and pituitary tumors in 52 and 14% respectively. Conclusions Endogenous hypercortisolism is a relatively frequent finding in T2D, which may have therapeutic implications.

scholarly journals Stillbirth Among Patients With Diabetes in Pregnancy in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demeke Mesfin Belay ◽  
Wubet Alebachew Bayih ◽  
Abebaw Yeshambel Alemu ◽  
Amare Simegn Ayele ◽  
Demewoz Kefale Mekonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Purpose: Maternal diabetes mellitus and the resulting adverse fetal outcomes including stillbirth in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are high. Thus, setting specific evidence is pivotal to plan, evaluate, and improve national preventive measures and to achieve international sustainable development goals. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was the first of its kind to estimate the pooled prevalence of stillbirth and its determinants among diabetic mothers in Ethiopia.Methods: Primary studies were exhaustively searched using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases, and gray literature found in Addis Ababa and Haramaya University online repositories was accessed. Eligible studies were selected and critically appraised for quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal checklist. The overall prevalence of stillbirth among diabetic mothers was estimated using a weighted inverse random-effect model. I2 statistic was used for evidence of heterogeneity. Egger's test and funnel plot were used to check the presence of publication bias.Results: The pooled prevalence of stillbirth among diabetic mothers was 2.39 [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.20, 4.97]. Being a housewife [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.23], maternal age of &lt;30 years [AOR = 2.08 (95% CI: 1.02, 3.13)], and gestational age of &lt;37 completed weeks [AOR = 9.76 (95% CI: 7.83, 11.70)] increased the risk of stillbirth among diabetic mothers.Conclusions: The national pooled prevalence of stillbirth among diabetic mothers was 2.39%. Maternal age of &lt;30 years, gestational age of &lt;37 completed weeks, and being a housewife were significantly associated with stillbirth.Trial registration: PROSPERO 2020: CRD4202016774.

Efficacy of olanzapine for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21692-e21692
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Naina Singh ◽  
Romy Jose Thekkekara ◽  
Sunny R K Singh ◽  
Sarah Elizabeth Harrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Antiemetic Therapy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Random Effect Analysis

e21692 Background: Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication which has shown efficacy in prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in multiple trials. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of Olanzapine to prevent CINV with an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A literature search of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane library was performed to identify randomized controlled trials of olanzapine compared to other antiemetic therapy (5HT3 and/or NK1 antagonist with or without steroids) for prevention of CINV in patients age >=18 years up until December 2016. The primary endpoint was no emesis or nausea episodes in acute (0-24hrs), delayed (24-120hrs) and overall (0-120hrs) period in patients receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC or MEC). Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan 5.3). The Mantel–Haenszel method was applied and random effect analysis model was used to calculate risk ratios. Results: From the literature, 12 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The age range of patients was 18-89 years. Seven trials included only patients who received HEC while 5 trials included patients receiving either HEC or MEC in various proportions. Olanzapine was statistically superior for 5 primary endpoints except for no nausea in acute period (Table 1). In the non-steroids cohort, olanzapine was superior for no emesis in all 3 periods but statistically significant only for delayed period. Conclusions: Olanzapine is superior to other antiemetic therapy for prevention of CINV. It is less expensive and can improve patient’s quality of life and chemotherapy adherence. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Global prevalence and epidemiology of Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Vafae Eslahi ◽  
Sima Hashemipour ◽  
Meysam Olfatifar ◽  
Elham Houshmand ◽  
Elham Hajialilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Global Prevalence ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Shelter Dogs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Strongyloides stercoralis, a soil-transmitted helminth, occurs in humans, non-human primates, dogs, cats and wild canids. The zoonotic potential between these hosts is not well understood with data available on prevalence primarily focused on humans. To increase knowledge on prevalence, this review and meta-analysis was performed to estimate the global status of S. stercoralis infections in dogs. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, online literature published prior to November 2020 was obtained from multiple databases (Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar). Prevalence was calculated on a global and country level, by country income and climate, and in stray/animal shelter dogs versus owned dogs. Statistical analyses were conducted using R-software (version 3.6.1). Results From 9428 articles, 61 met the inclusion criteria. The estimated pooled global prevalence of S. stercoralis in dogs was 6% (95% CI 3–9%). Infection was found to be the most prevalent in low-income countries with pooled prevalence of 22% (95% CI 10–36%). The highest pooled prevalence of S. stercoralis in dogs was related to regions with average temperature of 10–20 °C (6%; 95% CI 3–11%), an annual rainfall of 1001–1500 mm (9%; 95% CI 4–15%) and humidity of 40–75% (8%; 95% CI 4–13%). Prevalence was higher in stray and shelter dogs (11%; 95% CI 1–26%) than in owned dogs (3%; 95% CI 1–7%). Conclusions As with S. stercoralis in humans, higher prevalence in dogs is found in subtropical and tropical regions and lower-income countries, locations which also can have high dog populations. While this study presents the first estimated global prevalence of S. stercoralis in dogs, it is potentially an underestimation with 15 of 61 studies relying on diagnostic methods of lower sensitivity and a paucity of data from most locations. Standardized protocols (e.g. quantity of feces and number of samples for a Baermann) in future studies could improve reliability of results. More prevalence studies and raising veterinary awareness of S. stercoralis are needed for a One Health approach to protect humans and dogs from the impact of the infection. Graphical Abstract

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