scholarly journals On Dr. Stockmann’s Parrhesia: Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People in the Light of Foucault

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Javad Haj’jari ◽  
Noorbakhsh Hooti

Abstract An honest intellectual dutifully standing with truth against lies and treacheries of his society is a parrhesiastic figure in Foucault’s terminology. Foucault takes parrhesia as the fearless and frank speech regarding the truth of something or a situation before truthmongering and public deception and he takes the parrhesiastic as the spokesperson for truth. In this light, Dr. Stockmann in Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People occupies a unique position within Ibsen’s political philosophy. Dutifully criticizing what the majority blindly take for granted from their liar leaders in the name of democracy, Dr. Stockmann fulfills the role of a parrhesiastic figure that stands against socio-political corruption. He enters a parrhesiastic game with both the majority and the officialdom to fulfill his democratic parrhesia as a truthful citizen before the duped community, while covertly preparing for his own philosophic parrhesia or self-care within the conformist community. However, his final failure lies in his confrontation with democracy itself, which wrongly gives the right of speaking even to the liars. This article thus aims at analyzing Ibsen’s play through a Foucauldian perspective regarding the concept of parrhesia and its relation to democracy. It is to reveal Ibsen’s satire on the fake ideology of democracy and highlight the necessity of humanity’s parrhesiastic self-care for the well-being of the self and the others.

Author(s):  
Irina V. Bogdashina

The article reveals the measures undertaken by the Soviet state during the “thaw” in the fi eld of reproductive behaviour, the protection of motherhood and childhood. Compilations, manuals and magazines intended for women were the most important regulators of behaviour, determining acceptable norms and rules. Materials from sources of personal origin and oral history make it possible to clearly demonstrate the real feelings of women. The study of women’s everyday and daily life in the aspect related to pregnancy planning, bearing and raising children will allow us to compare the real situation and the course of implementation of tasks in the fi eld of maternal and child health. The demographic surge in the conditions of the economy reviving after the war, the lack of preschool institutions, as well as the low material wealth of most families, forced women to adapt to the situation. In the conditions of combining the roles of mother, wife and female worker, women entrusted themselves with almost overwork, which affected the health and well-being of the family. The procedure for legalising abortion gave women not only the right to decide the issue of motherhood themselves, but also made open the already necessary, but harmful to health, habitual way of birth control. Maternal care in diffi cult material and housing conditions became the concern of women and the older generation, who helped young women to combine the role of a working mother, which the country’s leadership confi dently assigned to women.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacretia Dye ◽  
Monica Galloway Burke ◽  
Cheryl Wolf

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Pedro ◽  
Ana Gama ◽  
Patrícia Soares ◽  
Marta Moniz ◽  
Pedro A. Laires ◽  
...  

The COVID-19 pandemic brought new challenges to the global community, reinforcing the role of public health in society. The main measures to combat it had (and still have) a huge impact on the daily lives of citizens. This investigation aimed to identify and monitor the population’s perceptions about how it faced this period and the impact on health, well-being, and daily life. In this study, we describe the main trends observed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mental health status, confidence in the capacity of the health services to respond to the pandemic, and the use of health services by participants. The online survey collected responses from 171,947 individuals ≥16 years of age in Portugal, over a period of 15 weeks that started on 21 March 2020. Participants could fill the questionnaire once or weekly, which enabled us to analyse trends and variations in responses. Overall, 81% of the respondents reported having felt agitated, anxious, or sad during the COVID-19 pandemic; 19% did not experience these feelings. During the confinement period, the proportion of participants feeling agitated, anxious, or sad every day/almost every day ranged between 20 and 30%, but since the deconfinement this proportion decreased. Around 30% reported having more difficulty getting to sleep or to sleep all night; 28.4% felt more agitated; 25.5% felt sadder, discouraged, or cried more easily; and 24.7% felt unable to do everything they had to do, women more frequently than men. Overall, 65.8% of the participants reported feeling confident or very confident in the health services’ capacity to respond to the challenges associated with the pandemic, and this confidence increased over time. Concerning the people who needed a consultation, 35.6% had one in person and 20.8% had one remotely, but almost 44% did not have one due to cancellation by the service (27.2%) or their own decision not to go (16.3%). At this unusual time in which we find ourselves and based on our findings, it is essential to continue monitoring how the population is facing the different phases of the pandemic until it officially ends. Analysing the effects of the pandemic from the point of view of citizens allows for anticipating critical trends and can contribute to preventative action.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Dewi Sukmaningsih

Indonesia is a country of law, and one of the characteristics of a state of law is the guarantee and protection of human rights, one of which is the right to obtain information, including the legal information that is information about the legislation both national and local. The principle of fiction (fictie) law states that any person considered to determine the existence of a legislation after its enactment, the ignorance of the people on the legislation, can not be excused. To that end, legislation information should be easily accessible. Issuance of Presidential Decree No. 33 of 2012 on Information and Documentation Network of National Law (JDIHN) isin order to fulfill the right to obtain legal information, especially information legislation. Management of Legal Documentation and Information Network by utilizing information and communication technology (ICT) makes legal information can be accessed quickly, easily, complete and accurate, thereby supporting the fulfillment of human rights, namely the right to obtain legal information properly.Keywords: Documentation and Legal Information Network, Efforts, Fulfillment, Human Rights


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Yanti ◽  
Nunung Krisnawati

The background of this thesis is an increasing number of legislators Batam from Chinese citizens, at the 1999 elections, there were two people who passed to the DPRD Kota Batam, in the elections of 2004 increased to four Chinese citizens who become legislators Batam. It is not independent of their role during the sitting in the legislature as a representative of the people. This study aims to clarify the role of Chinese citizens who sat as a legislative member in Batam 1999-2009This research is a qualitative research, the historical method with the approach of political science. Steps historical research include: first heuristic, there are two sources of data are primary data and secondary data, primary data in this study is a member of the legislative representatives of the Chinese community, Chinese people, community leaders and members of the Commission, the secondary data taken from any books , newspapers and other documents, the authors do critique source consisting of external criticism and internal criticism, the three researchers to interpret, fourth historiography.The results in this study explained that the role of the Chinese community as a member of the legislature in Batam years 1999-2009, the first legislative function is set statutorily in the form of local regulations (Perda), the second control function or supervise the activities of local government in implementing legislation has been agreed , of these control functions legislators have the right to ask questions, interpellation, questionnaires and motions, the three other functions related to the budget or APBD that has been agreed with the local governments when the plenary session.  Keywords: legislative member, chinese societyLatar belakang penelitian ini adalah terjadinya peningkatan jumlah anggota DPRD Kota Batam dari warga Tionghoa, dimana pada pemilu tahun 1999 terdapat dua orang yang lolos menjadi anggota DPRD Kota Batam dan  pada pemilu tahun 2004 mengalami peningkatan menjadi empat orang. Hal ini tentunya tidak terlepas dari peran mereka selama duduk di legislatif sebagai wakil rakyat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peran warga Tionghoa yang duduk menjadi anggota legislatif di Kota Batam tahun 1999-2009.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif historis dengan pendekatan ilmu politik.Adapunlangkah-langkah penelitian historis meliputi: pertama heuristik, di dalamnya terdapat dua sumber data yaitu data primer dan data sekunder, data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota legislatif dari perwakilan masyarakat Tionghoa, masyarakat keturunan Tionghoa, tokoh masyarakat dan anggota KPU, data sekunder diambil dari buku-buku, koran dan dokumen lainnya.Kedua, kritik sumber yang terdiri dari kritik ekstern dan kritik intern.Ketiga, interpretasi dan keempat, historiografi.Hasil dalam penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa peranan warga Tionghoa sebagai anggota legislatif di Kota Batam tahun 1999-2009,  pertama fungsi legislasi yaitu mengatur undang-undang dalam bentuk peraturan daerah (Perda), kedua fungsi kontrol atau mengawasi kegiatan pemerintah daerah dalam menjalankan Perda yang telah disepakati, dari fungsi kontrol ini anggota DPRD memiliki hak untuk bertanya, interpelasi, angket dan mosi, ketiga fungsi lainnya yang berkaitan dengan anggaran atau APBD yang telah disepakati bersama pemerintah daerah saat sidang paripurna. Bermainnya peran-peran  tersebut dengan baik, semakin menambah nilai kepercayaan warga Tionghoa  memilih dari kalangan mereka untuk pemilu selanjutnya. Kata Kunci: anggota legislatif, masyarakat tionghoa, kota batam  


Author(s):  
Daniel M. Stout

Chapter four looks at Charles Dickens’s 1859 novel, A Tale of Two Cities. By examining parallels between the novel and Robespierre’s political philosophy, this chapter argues that Dickens’s novel understands the French Revolution not as an event that gave individuals the right of self-governance but as the event that formalized a conception of citizenship in which individual persons stand as avatars for the national will. The Revolutionary Terror and the guillotine are thus seen as the logical consequence of a theory of the nation that prioritized the People over individual persons.


Author(s):  
Andrew S Gold

This chapter discusses how the ‘stickler-enjoining’ account of equity has important limits. While many distinctive doctrines of equity can be understood to limit stickler behaviour, equity in fact often turns a blind eye to, and sometimes even enables, stickler behaviour. One can sort cases in which equity restrains sticklers from those in which it is indifferent to stickler behaviour if one attends to the role of the state in private litigation. Sometimes the state’s responsibilities require it to protect plaintiffs against sticklers. Other times, it requires it to protect the stickler, as a means, for example, of keeping as open as possible each person’s sphere of choices. Ultimately, the self-regarding account of equity sheds light on the question of the relationship between equity and justice: from the distinct perspective of the judgment, sometimes equitable justice is better than legal justice and sometimes legal justice is better than equitable justice.


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taewon Kim ◽  
Blake A. Allan

Underemployment is a global problem that is increasing in the context of recovering economic recessions and insecure job markets. In this context, vocational psychologists can play a unique role by determining the processes by which underemployment relates to aspects of work well-being, such as meaningful work. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the relation between underemployment and meaningful work as well as to investigate potential mediators of this relation. Specifically, with a sample of 351 working adults in the United States, we investigated how underemployment related to the meaningful work via the self-determination needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Partially supporting hypotheses, underemployment was negatively related to autonomy and relatedness but positively related to competence. In turn, autonomy and competence were positively related to meaningful work, whereas relatedness was unrelated to meaningful work. These results offer insights into how underemployment might affect the meaningfulness of work and how employers and practitioners can help underemployed workers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Ofir Noah Nevo ◽  
Laura Lambert

ABSTRACT Bottom Line Up Front: In this perspective essay, ENS Ofir Nevo and Dr Laura Lambert briefly discuss the concept of an outward mindset and how they have applied it in the context of medical education. ENS Nevo shares his story of deciding to attend medical school at the Uniformed Services University, as part of his desire and commitment to serve others. Early on, the requirements of medical school created intense demands that began to disconnect him from the commitment and connection that first drew him to a medical career. ENS Nevo describes how an awareness of the choice of mindset helped him address these challenges and stay better connected to his purpose and calling. A case analysis by Dr Lambert further explores how the awareness and practice of an outward mindset may help students, residents, and attendings see how they can improve their own well-being and connection to the people that brought them to medicine in the first place. Their experiences demonstrate how outward mindset principles can be a valuable tool for empowering students and physicians with a perspective that invites new solutions for the challenges of life and work.


Author(s):  
Jenny Berrill ◽  
Damien Cassells ◽  
Martha O’Hagan-Luff ◽  
André van Stel

This article investigate the relationship between financial distress, well-being and employment status. Using several indicators of financial distress and of well-being, our econometric analysis shows that the negative association between financial distress and well-being is moderated by employment status in the sense that financial problems are more strongly associated with poor well-being for the self-employed compared to the wage-employed. Hence, when self-employed workers find themselves in a situation of financial distress, the negative consequences for their well-being are more severe. This is found to hold both for the self-employed with and without employees.


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