scholarly journals The impact of the january effect on the IPO underpricing in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-135
Author(s):  
Adrian Wołoszyn ◽  
Dariusz Zarzecki
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
January Effect ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
Asymmetry Of Information ◽  
Warsaw Stock Exchange ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We examine the initial public offering (IPO) underpricing phenomenon in Poland using data from the Warsaw Stock Exchange (the main market). In the article we survey historical average IPO underpricing in Europe and outside Europe. We discuss the determinants of the IPO underpricing which is based on asymmetry of information, ownership and control, institutional explanations and behavioural explanations. We discuss the calendar effect and we examine the influence of the January effect on the IPO underpricing. On the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 2005-2011, the IPO underpricing was bigger for companies that debuted in January than for companies that debuted in other months. The empirical results are not statistically significant.

Shariah-compliance and IPO underpricing: evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Mehmood ◽  
Rasidah Mohd-Rashid ◽  
Ahmad Hakimi Tajuddin ◽  
Hassan Mujtaba Nawaz Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Initial Return ◽  
Asset Volatility ◽  
Financial Characteristics ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effect of Shariah-compliant status and Shariah regulation on initial public offering (IPO) underpricing in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach Besides the ordinary least square’s method, this study used quantile least squares as a robust approach and stepwise regression for further analysis to investigate the underpricing phenomenon in Pakistan. Data of 84 IPOs listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange from January 2000 to December 2018 were collected to determine the impact of Shariah-compliant status and Shariah regulation on IPO underpricing. Findings Results of the study show that Shariah-compliant status has a negative relationship but Shariah regulation has a positive relationship with IPO underpricing. Hence, it is contended that Shariah-compliant firms have lower asset volatility and uncertainty than non-Shariah-compliant firms because of less information asymmetry, resulting in lower underpricing. These Shariah-compliant firms provide signals of high-quality IPOs as they must comply with the strict guidelines issued by the Securities Exchange Commission of Pakistan in addition to being considered as amicable by investors. Further, this study suggests that investors are more attracted to Shariah-compliant firms than non-Shariah-compliant ones. Research limitations/implications This study’s offers limited consideration of nonfinancial and financial characteristics that could influence the decision of investors to subscribe to IPOs. Besides, future studies could consider the screening benchmarks; for instance, debt and cash may explain the intensity of IPO initial return in Pakistan. Originality/value The present work empirically investigated the influence of Shariah-compliant status and Shariah regulation on IPO underpricing in Pakistan’s IPO market, which has been scarcely covered in the existing literature.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing IPO Underpricing in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (349) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Przemysław Pomykalski ◽  
Piotr Filipiak
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
Warsaw Stock Exchange ◽  
Low Interest Rates ◽  
Risk Free Rate ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
Free Rate

We review the theory and evidence on IPO activity and underpricing focusing on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Although the topic has been under investigation in the past, we believe that the recent decade of low interest rates deserves inquiry. We research the extent of underpricing during this period and further conclude that three factors had a statistically significant influence on initial public offering underpricing during this period: the year of IPO, risk-free rate and WIG close value.

scholarly journals What Determines the Success of an IPO? Analysis of IPO Underpricing on the Warsaw Stock Exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (55) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Paweł Małachowski ◽  
Dominika Gadowska-dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
Warsaw Stock Exchange ◽  
Public Offering

AbstractThis article aimed to analyse the factors that influence the level of underpricing of an initial public offering (IPO) on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE), based on the example of 101 companies debuting on the main market between 2010 and 2019. We discuss the theories that explain IPO underpricing and the research conducted so far on the Polish market. In the main part of the article, we present the results of our study aimed at identifying and characterising the hitherto-unrecognised factors determining IPO underpricing, which is a contribution to the current research on WSE trends. Our findings point to three variables that influence the level of underpricing: the involvement of private equity or venture capital funds in the transaction, the rate of return of the WSE Index in the 6 months before the IPO, and the amount of capital offered during the debut.

scholarly journals Corporate governance and IPO underpricing: evidence from the italian market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Teti ◽  
Ilaria Montefusco
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Stock Option ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
Italian Market ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThis paper aims to analyse the impact of firms’ corporate governance characteristics on the degree of first-day returns (i.e., underpricing) in the Italian initial public offering (IPO) market. In particular, this work investigates the impacts of the characteristics of boards of directors (BoDs) and ownership structure on the underpricing of newly offered shares. By studying a sample of 128 Italian IPOs between 2000 and 2016, it is concluded that corporate governance characteristics affect the degree of first-day returns following a company’s IPO. More specifically, the size of the BoD negatively affects underpricing, while the ownership of institutional investors and board members has a positive effect on the degree of underpricing. Conversely, no significant evidence is found with regard to board independence, the number of female directors in the boardroom, the implementation of stock option plans and ownership concentration.

scholarly journals Initial Public Offering (IPO) as a Potential Source of Capital for the Development of the Wood-based Industry Enterprises in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Leszek Wanat ◽  
Łukasz Sarniak ◽  
Elżbieta Mikołajczak
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Warsaw Stock Exchange ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
The Capital Market

Abstract The quest for new sources of financing for the development of green economy sectors and enterprises is one of the challenges to effective management. This study verifies whether a relationship exists between the activity of selected companies who access the capital market in search for new financing sources, their development level and their competitive edge. The sample used in this study was composed of companies from the forestry and wood-based sector (a major part of the Polish economy) listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to assess the development level of selected enterprises. The main recommendations were formulated based on the findings from the analysis of performance ratios and from the comparative and descriptive analysis of data on stock exchange transactions in the wood-based sector. This is because the assumption was made that by becoming more active in the capital market and, as a consequence, by strengthening their competitive position, the enterprises covered by this study may contribute to adding value in the circular economy.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI INITIAL RETURN SETELAH IPO DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2017-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Debi Carolina ◽  
Dwi Desy Miswati
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Initial Return ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

Initial Public Offering is a mechanism in which a company for first time issues new stock and is then offered to the public. The factors affecting the initials return are Return On Asset, Financial Leverage, and Earning Per Share. The problems with this research are (1) What is the development of return on asset, financial leverage, earning per share and initial return on non-financial firms registered in BEI? (2) How does return on asset, financial leverage, and earning per share affect the initials return partially? (3) How does return on asset, financial leverage, and earning per share affect the initials return simultaneously? The purposes of this research are (1) To find out the progression of return on asset, financial leverage, earning per share, and initial return. (2) To know the impact of return on asset, financial leverage, and earning per share toward the initial return partially. (3) To know the impact of return on asset, financial leverage, and earning per share toward the initial return simultaneously. Locus in this research is conducted on a company that did IPO and registered to the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2017-2019. The number of peoples in this research are 145 companies, and the selection of samples was used by purposive sampling technique to 34 IPO companies listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange as a research. The method of data analysis used is descriptive and verificative, where it makes classical assumptions and multiple linear regression tests. Simultaneous research reveals that there have been significant effects on initials return. And partial, financial leverage has a positive effect on the initials return. Whereas the return on asset and earning per share have no effect on initials return.

scholarly journals Separation of ownership and control in South African-listed companies

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanché Steyn ◽  
Lesley Stainbank
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
South African Context ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
African Context ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This article tests the separation of ownership and control in South African-listed companies that leads to the divergence of interest between shareholders and directors. Where listed companies are owned by so many shareholders that their diffused shareholding results in negligible control over the directors who manage the assets of the company, it is likely that the directors will manage and direct the company to maximise their self-interest to the detriment of the interest of the shareholders. The separation of ownership and control and the maximisation of self-interest are central themes in the agency theory. Researching their validity in a South African context where the market is less liquid and the stock exchange is significantly smaller can add a valuable contribution to the continuing debate on corporate governance in the country. The article analyses 186 listed South African companies using data extracted over four years to test whether there is separation of ownership and control and whether such separation leads to the maximisation of self-interest. Data were extracted for the years 2005 and 2006, using the shareholding in 2006 to determine control, and for the years 2009 and 2010, using the shareholding in 2010 to determine control. Directors’ remuneration as a percentage of assets was used as a proxy for the maximisation of directors’ interest, and profit attributable to shareholders as a percentage of assets was used as a proxy for the maximisation of shareholders’ interest. These proxies were used to test the impact of control during the two controlling periods, namely 2006 and 2010.The article finds that the majority of listed companies in South Africa are controlled by a dominant shareholder. However, there are still a significant number of companies where the directors have de facto control. Contrary to the expectation that companies controlled by directors will aim to maximise directors’ remuneration, or companies controlled by shareholders will aim to maximise profit attributable to shareholders, this article finds the opposite to be true. This is possibly an indication that the controlling parties might consider factors other than their direct financial self-interest, or that there is an inherent cost associated with control.

IPO underpricing and long-term performance in China: the perspective of price limit policy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Wang ◽  
Guanying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Price Limit ◽  
Good Policy ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how the price limit policy implemented in 2014 affects initial public offering (IPO) underpricing and long-term performance in China.Design/methodology/approachThe data are the IPOs from Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) and Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) between 2004 and 2018. The data are firstly divided into the IPOs before the price limit policy and the IPOs after the price limit policy according to the time of issuance. Then the two groups are divided into 4 subsamples according to the market blocks and the P/E ratio. The authors use multiple regression models to explore the effect of price limit policy in each subsample.FindingsThe first-day price limit system for IPOs is similar to the upward fuse mechanism, the purpose of which is to suppress IPO underpricing. However, this study finds that the policy does not suppress IPO underpricing, but increases the underpricing rate in all subsamples. Besides, the long-term performance in each subsample is different from each other. Main Board stocks’ long-term performance is worse after the policy. The policy makes Small and Medium Enterprise Board (SME Board) and Growth Enterprise Market Board (GEM Board) stocks with high P/E ratios perform better in the long term. For SME Board and GEM Board stocks with low P/E ratios, the policy makes no significant effect.Practical implicationsGood policy intentions may sometimes lead to counterproductive effects. However, since the long-term performance of each subsample is different, it is difficult to judge whether the policy should continue to be implemented or cancelled. Implementing different policies for different subsamples may be a better way to solve this problem.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the study of IPO underpricing and long-term performance from the perspective of price limit policy.

The Impact of Global Financial Crisis on IPO Underpricing in Malaysian Stock Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hon-Wei Leow ◽  
Wee-Yeap Lau
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the impact of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) on Initial Public Offering (IPO) underpricing in the context of an emerging market from January 2006 to December 2011. Models consist of hierarchical and dummy variable regressions have been evaluated. Our results show, firstly, by comparison between the pre-GFC, GFC and post-GFC periods, it can be observed that IPOs initial returns (offer-to-close) are generally lower due to the crisis. Secondly, IPO underpricing provides an average of 17–25% of initial returns in the pre-GFC period, 1–3% during GFC period, and 3–7% in the post-GFC period. Thirdly, the financial crisis does not act as a moderator that worsens the relationship between underpricing of IPO and oversubscription ratio. Lastly, this study dispels the notion that investors should totally shun IPO during crisis period as there are still positive initial returns among the new issues. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on the impact of the GFC on IPO underpricing in Malaysia.

scholarly journals The Influence of Intellectual Capital Disclosure, Economic Value Added Analysis, and Inclusion of Warrants on the Level of Underpricing in Shares

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1682
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faisal ◽  
Gerianta Wirawan Yasa
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Value Added ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
Company Value ◽  
Public Offering

The underpricing phenomenon often occurs when a company conducts an initial public offering or commonly known as IPO (Initial Public Offering). This condition causes stakeholders receive not enough information for assessing the company value. This study aims to analyze the effect of intellectual capital disclosure, economic value added, and inclusion of warrants on the level of underpricing of shares. This research was conducted in all companies that conducted IPOs on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period 2012-2014. The number of samples taken was 60 companies, with a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of testing the partial test hypotheses found that intellectual capital disclosure variables negatively affect the level of underpricing, while the variables of warrants participation have a positive effect on the level of underpricing. The economic value added variable does not affect the level of underpricing. Keywords : Initial Public Offering (IPO), Underpricing, Economic value added, Warrant.

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