scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Induced DNA Damage and Reproductive Toxicity in Male Albino Mice Orally Exposed to Sorbitol

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okunola A. Alabi ◽  
Lanre R. Oladimeji ◽  
Adewale A. Sorungbe ◽  
Yetunde M. Adeoluwa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractIn this study, the potential DNA damage and reproductive toxicity of sorbitol was investigated using bone marrow micronucleus (MN), sperm morphology, and sperm count in mice. Five doses of 90, 45, 20, 10 and 1 mg/kg/day, defined by allometry, and approximately corresponding to 1.5g, 750mg, 330mg, 165mg and 16mg of sorbitol daily consumption by a 70kg human, respectively, were used. MN analysis showed a dose-dependent induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and other nuclear abnormalities across the treatment groups. Assessment of sperm shape showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in sperm abnormalities with significant (p < 0.05) decrease in mean sperm count in treated groups. The result of the oxidative stress biomarkers showed induction of significant (p < 0.05) increase in liver catalase, MDA and serum ALT and AST activities with concomitant decrease in SOD activities in exposed mice. A significant increase in weight of exposed mice were recorded when compared with the negative control. The results of this study showed the genotoxicity and reproductive effects of sorbitol.

8. Evaluation of Snow Fungus Polysaccharides on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA Damage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tremella Fuciformis

Snow fungus, Tremella fuciformis, has been demonstrated to have numerous health benefits including purported chemopreventive properties due to free radical-scavenging ability. Protective effects derived from snow fungus polysaccharides are evaluated on Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CCL-39) exposed to carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene known to cause free radical formation and oxidative stress to cells. In this experiment, it was hypothesized that the naturally occurring polysaccharides in snow fungus are able to protect against or reduce oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. Polysaccharides were isolated through an alkaline extraction and in-vitro digestion. DNA damage was measured using the single-cell gel electrophoresis comet assay after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and polysaccharide extract to lung fibroblasts. Results were calculated using the mean and standard deviation data of tail length and area, respectively. Each damaged cell was measured and analyzed through ImageJ Editing Software. The results indicate a promising trend which depict snow fungus polysaccharides yielding lower levels of DNA damage compared to cells exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and compared to the negative control (phosphate buffered saline and Dulbecco’s cell medium). This study suggests polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis could truly prevent cellular DNA damage by protecting against oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Effect of sodium (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate in male, and succinic acid in female Wistar rats against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, suggesting a role of the HIF-1 pathway

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9438
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cienfuegos-Pecina ◽  
Tannya R. Ibarra-Rivera ◽  
Alma L. Saucedo ◽  
Luis A. Ramírez-Martínez ◽  
Deanna Esquivel-Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

Background Ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is the main cause of delayed graft function in solid organ transplantation. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) control the expression of genes related to preconditioning against IR injury. During normoxia, HIF-α subunits are marked for degradation by the egg-laying defective nine homolog (EGLN) family of prolyl-4-hydroxylases. The inhibition of EGLN stabilizes HIFs and protects against IR injury. The aim of this study was to determine whether the EGLN inhibitors sodium (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate [(S)-2HG] and succinic acid (SA) have a nephroprotective effect against renal IR injury in Wistar rats. Methods (S)-2HG was synthesized in a 22.96% yield from commercially available L-glutamic acid in a two-step methodology (diazotization/alkaline hydrolysis), and its structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and polarimetry. SA was acquired commercially. (S)-2HG and SA were independently evaluated in male and female Wistar rats respectively after renal IR injury. Rats were divided into the following groups: sham (SH), nontoxicity [(S)-2HG: 12.5 or 25 mg/kg; SA: 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg], IR, and compound+IR [(S)-2HG: 12.5 or 25 mg/kg; SA: 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg]; independent SH and IR groups were used for each assessed compound. Markers of kidney injury (BUN, creatinine, glucose, and uric acid) and liver function (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, serum proteins, and albumin), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase), and histological parameters (tubular necrosis, acidophilic casts, and vascular congestion) were assessed. Tissue HIF-1α was measured by ELISA and Western blot, and the expression of Hmox1 was assessed by RT-qPCR. Results (S)-2HG had a dose-dependent nephroprotective effect, as evidenced by a significant reduction in the changes in the BUN, creatinine, ALP, AST, and LDH levels compared with the IR group. Tissue HIF-1α was only increased in the IR group compared to SH; however, (S)-2HG caused a significant increase in the expression of Hmox1, suggesting an early accumulation of HIF-1α in the (S)-2HG-treated groups. There were no significant effects on the other biomarkers. SA did not show a nephroprotective effect; the only changes were a decrease in creatinine level at 12.5 mg/kg and increased IR injury at 50 mg/kg. There were no effects on the other biochemical, proinflammatory, or oxidative stress biomarkers. Conclusion None of the compounds were hepatotoxic at the tested doses. (S)-2HG showed a dose-dependent nephroprotective effect at the evaluated doses, which involved an increase in the expression of Hmox1, suggesting stabilization of HIF-1α. SA did not show a nephroprotective effect but tended to increase IR injury when given at high doses.

Oxidative stress biomarkers in the gills of the bivalve Mactra stultorum exposed to acrylamide

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Trabelsi ◽  
Chaima Fouzai ◽  
Imene Chetoui ◽  
Safa Bejaoui ◽  
Khaoula Telahigue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Protein Products ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dose Dependent

Acrylamide (ACR) is among the most deleterious pollutants in the environment and presents a serious risk to humans and ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to assess its effects when administered at different concentrations (5, 10 and 20 mg L–1) to evaluate antioxidant status in the gills of Mactra stultorum. Our results showed, after five days of treat­ment, an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (Vit C) and metallothionein (MDA) levels in gills of treated clams compared with controls. Moreover, an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were also observed. Acrylamide induced neurotoxicity, as evidenced by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, our results indicated that oxidative stress may be considered one of the mechanisms behind acrylamide toxicity in bivalves, although the subject requires more research.

Association between genotoxic properties of inhalation anesthetics and oxidative stress biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 454-466
Author(s):  
Masoud Neghab ◽  
Fatemeh Kargar-Shouroki ◽  
Hossein Mozdarani ◽  
Saeed Yousefinejad ◽  
Hamzeh Alipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Operating Room Personnel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inhalation Anesthetics

Exposure to inhalation anesthetics (IAs) has been associated with DNA damage as reflected in the increased frequency of micronuclei (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs). The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether there was any correlation between increased MN and CA and the extent of oxidative stress as well as the antioxidant status of a group of operating room personnel exposed to a mixture of IAs, including nitrous oxide, isoflurane, and sevoflurane. In this cross-sectional study, 60 operating room personnel (exposed group) in whom the frequencies of MN and CA had already been shown to be significantly higher than those of a referent group, as well as 60 unexposed nurses, were studied. Venous blood samples were taken from all participants, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as an index of oxidative stress (OS) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as indices of antioxidant status were measured. The level of TAC (1.76 ± 0.59 mM vs. 2.13 ± 0.64 mM, p = 0.001) and the activity of SOD (11.22 ± 5.11 U/ml vs. 13.36 ± 4.12 U/ml, p = 0.01) were significantly lower, while the mean value of MDA was significantly higher (2.46 ± 0.66 µM vs. 2.19 ± 0.68 µM, p = 0.03) in the exposed group than in the nonexposed group. After adjusting for potential confounders, there were statistically significant associations between exposure to IAs, gender, SOD, and TAC with MN frequency and between exposure to IAs and SOD with numbers of CA. The findings of the present study indicated that exposure to IAs was associated with OS, and this, in turn, may be causally linked with DNA damage.

Early ROS-mediated DNA damage and oxidative stress biomarkers in Monoclonal B Lymphocytosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Collado ◽  
Isabel Oliver ◽  
Carmen Tormos ◽  
Mercedes Egea ◽  
Amparo Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Amelioration of sperm count and sperm quality by lycopene supplementation in irradiated mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Małgorzata M. Dobrzyńska ◽  
Aneta Gajowik
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Equivalent Time ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Harmful Effects

Male mice were exposed to lycopene (LYC; 0.15 and 0.30mg kg−1) and irradiation (0.5, 1 Gy) alone or in combination (0.5 Gy+0.15mg kg−1 LYC; 0.5 Gy+0.30mg kg−1 LYC; 1 Gy+0.15mg kg−1 LYC; 1 Gy+0.30mg kg−1 LYC) for 2 weeks. LYC administration in the drinking water was started 24h or on Day 8 after the first irradiation dose or equivalent time point for groups treated with LYC alone. Sperm count, motility, morphology and DNA damage were determined at the end of the 2-week treatment period. Irradiation deteriorated sperm count and quality. Supplementation with LYC from 24h significantly increased the sperm count compared with irradiation alone. In almost all combined treatment groups, the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was significantly decreased compared with that after irradiation alone. In some cases, combined treatment reduced levels of DNA damage in gametes. Both doses of LYC administered from Day 8 significantly reduced the percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa compared with that seen after 1 Gy irradiation and reduced DNA damage in all combined treatment groups. In conclusion, LYC supplementation after irradiation can ameliorate the harmful effects of irradiation on gametes. Mitigation of radiation-induced damage in germ cells following LYC administration may be useful for radiological accidents and to protect non-treated tissues in patients with cancer undergoing radiotherapy.

Oxidative stress and DNA damage in utero and embryo implantation of mice exposed to carbon disulfide at peri-implantation

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Yang ◽  
B Zhang ◽  
Y Yuan ◽  
C Li ◽  
Z Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Carbon Disulfide ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Endometrial Cells

Carbon disulfide (CS2) has reproductive toxicity but the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress and DNA damage on embryo implantation of mice exposed to CS2 at peri-implantation. CS2 exposure was on gestational day 3 (GD3), GD4, GD5 and GD6, separately, and the number of embryonic day 9 (E9) mouse embryos was obtained. DNA damage of endometrial cells, oxidative stress and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) level in uterus tissues were tested with time series at different end points after exposure. The number of E9 mouse embryos significantly decreased in all CS2 exposure groups, especially on GD4 exposure. The rates of embryo implantation decreased by 43.05%, 63.74%, 60.45% and 47.26% for CS2 exposure on GD3, GD4, GD5 and GD6, respectively. Oxidative stress significantly increased within 24 h and reached the top level at 18 h after exposure. The same time-dependent trend was observed no matter when the exposure happened at peri-implantation. 8-OH-dG significantly increased at 18 h and 24 h after exposure by 893.8% and 647.4%, respectively, when compared with the control. The indexes of DNA damage significantly increased at 6 h after exposure, which appeared earlier than the changes of oxidative stress and 8-OH-dG. Besides, both oxidative stress and DNA damage showed a strong negative correlation with the number of E9 mouse embryos. The present study illustrated that CS2 directly induced DNA damage in endometrial cells and enhanced the action through oxidative stress, both of which were responsible for CS2-induced embryo loss.

scholarly journals Toxic Effects of Trazodone on Male Reproductive System via Disrupting Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis and Inducing Testicular Oxidative Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinem Ilgın ◽  
Gözde Aydoğan-Kılıç ◽  
Merve Baysal ◽  
Volkan Kılıç ◽  
Mina Ardıç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sperm Dna Damage

Depression and anxiety are recognized as public health problems. Epidemiological studies have shown that depression and anxiety often occur during reproductive ages between 20 and 60 years of age in males. Trazodone is one of the most frequently prescribed drugs in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Drugs used in repeated doses also play a role in the etiology of infertility. In our study, it was aimed to identify the possible toxic effects of trazodone on male rats and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Vehicle or trazodone (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day) was administered to rats for 28 consecutive days (n=8 per group). At the end of that period, sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA damage were determined and testicular morphology was assessed histopathologically in rats. Additionally, we investigated hormonal status by determining serum testosterone, FSH, and LH levels and oxidative stress by determining glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in testicular tissue to elucidate mechanisms of possible reproductive toxicity. According to our results, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and normal sperm morphology were decreased; sperm DNA damage was increased in trazodone-administered groups. Degenerative findings on the testicular structure were observed after trazodone administration in rats. Additionally, serum FSH, LH, and testosterone levels were elevated in the trazodone-administered groups. Increased MDA levels were the signs of enhanced oxidative stress after trazodone administration in testis tissues. Thus, we concluded that trazodone induced reproductive toxicity in male rats; this reproductive toxicity was accompanied by oxidative stress and hormonal changes, which are considered as important causes of reproductive disorders.

scholarly journals Melatonin Alleviated Potassium Dichromate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Reprotoxicity in Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Samir A. E. Bashandy ◽  
Hossam Ebaid ◽  
Jameel Al-Tamimi ◽  
Omar A.-H. Ahmed-Farid ◽  
Enayat A. Omara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Factor Alpha

Melatonin (ML) is a potent antioxidant that reduces oxidative stress. This study was designed to examine the protective effect of melatonin on potassium dichromate- (PDC-) induced male reproductive toxicity. Forty rats were divided into five groups: the control group, rats administered PDC orally (10 mg/kg body weight) for eight weeks, rats administered ML intraperitoneally at doses of either 2.5 or 5 mg/kg followed by the administration of PDC, and rats administered 5 mg/kg ML only. The treatment of rats with PDC led to a decrease in the levels of plasma sex hormones, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, carnitine, sperm count, and motility. Testicular malondialdehyde levels, nitric oxide concentrations, and abnormalities increased significantly in the PDC group. Melatonin administration to the PDC-treated rats reduced the increase of malondialdehyde and restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), glutathione, and sex hormone levels. Moreover, ML attenuated PDC-induced increase in levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-6. ML alleviated histopathological changes and an increase of p53-positive immune reaction due to PDC. Furthermore, ML inhibited PDC-induced decrease in the DNA content of spermatogenic cells. This study proposed that melatonin may be useful in mitigating oxidative stress-induced testicular damage due to potassium dichromate toxicity.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Oxidative Changes in High Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Metformin and the Polyherbal Diawell

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
O. N. Briggs ◽  
E. O. Nwachuku ◽  
D. Tamuno-Emine ◽  
N. Nsirim ◽  
K. N. Elechi-Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oxidant Status

Diabetes mellitus is an epidemic, with a huge disease burden on the patients. This has led to an increase in the use of herbal remedies and combination therapies to reduce this burden. Aim: This study evaluates the biochemical and oxidative changes in type 2 diabetic rats, treated with metformin and the polyherbal drug diawell. Methodology: A total of 35 male Wistar albino rats weighing between 120-220 g were used for this study. The rats were placed on high fat diet, and diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg body wt). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined using the glucose oxidase method. Fasting plasma insulin (FPI), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were quantitatively determined by a rat-specific sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was determined by the ratio of TOS to TAS. Phytochemical analysis was also done on the herbal tablet. Results: Mean FPG levels were significantly lower (p˂0.05) in all groups, except the group administered diawell, which was not significantly different (p>0.05), compared to the diabetic control. Mean FPG levels were significantly higher (p˂0.05) in the metformin group, diawell group, but showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the combination group, compared to the negative control. HOMA-IR was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the diabetic control compared to the negative control and treatment groups. The metformin and diawell groups had significantly higher (p˂0.05) HOMA-IR values, whereas the combination (metformin + diawell) showed no significant difference (p>0.05) when compared to the negative control. TOS was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the diabetic control compared to the negative control and treatment groups. The metformin and diawell groups had significantly higher (p˂0.05) TOS values, whereas the combination (metformin + diawell) showed no significant difference (p>0.05) when compared to the negative control. There was significantly lower (p˂0.05) TAS levels in the diabetic and treatment groups, compared to the negative control. OSI values were significantly lower (p˂0.05) in all groups when compared to the diabetic control. Also, OSI values were significantly higher (p˂0.05) in the treatment groups compared to the negative control. Conclusion: There was depletion of antioxidant parameters and an increase in oxidative stress in the diabetic rats. Administration of metformin and the polyherbal tablet diawell individually, were not effective in correcting the pathological and biochemical changes associated with diabetes. However, the combination treatment produced a better glycaemic response and attenuated the oxidant status in the rats. Antioxidant therapy should be incorporated in diabetes management, and anti-diabetic herbals properly evaluated.

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