scholarly journals The Prague Burgher Library of J. D. Arbeiter in the Cultural and Social Context of the Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Monika Vlasáková
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Poor Students ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Personal Library ◽  
The 19Th Century

The library preserved in the collections of the Hussite Museum in Tábor is a reflection of the life of the Prague burgher and pharmacist Jan Dobromil Arbeiter (1794–1870). In the context of three quarters of the 19th century, it testifies to the emergence of the National Revival, the renewed interest in the Czech language and the related development of Czech theatre. J. D. Arbeiter was an important Prague burgher and patriot actively involved in social and political events. His versatile interests and the support of patriotism led him to the foundation and expansion of his personal library. He was a member of many associations, including Stálci, established by Amerling. Its members regularly purchased Czech books and thus supported the development of Czech, in particular scientific, literature. Arbeiter was also a generous patron. Among other things, he supported the education of poor students. He played an important role in the establishment of the Realgymnasium grammar school in Tábor, to which he donated his library. He had developed it for his entire life; originally, it comprised an impressive number of 3,000 volumes. The library of J. D. Arbeiter is not only an example of one of a few extant burgher libraries of the 19th century. Thanks to the breadth of Arbeiter’s interests, it also provides a selective overview of Czech book production at the time.

Calisthenics and bodyweight exercises: different concepts or scientific synonyms?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Leury Max Da Silva Chaves ◽  
Gabriel Vinicius Santos ◽  
Cauê La Scala Teixeira ◽  
Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The 19Th Century

 Bodyweight exercises (also popularly known as calisthenics) is a classic training method and its practice has been widespread since the 19th century, but little evidenced in the scientific literature over the years. This type of training aims to promote multi-system adaptations using body weight as an overload with no or few implements [1–3]. This characteristic makes exercise with body weight easy to apply, in addition to having an excellent cost-benefit ratio when compared to other training possibilities that require machines or materials [4,5].

ANALYSIS ON THE PROBLEM OF QUANTITY AND REGIONAL LOCATION UZBEKS IN AFGHANISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Khushvaqt Norkuchkarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Regional Location ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article describes the number and regional location of Uzbeks in Afghanistan from the second half of the 19th century to the present, immigration in Central Asia and the influence of socio-political processes in the country are revealed using various sources: Internet data, scientific literature, archives, official online newspapers, periodicals and magazines that present data, reports of various statistical organizations, a comparative analysis of the opinions of official representatives, cause differences between them andtheir reasons

Prostitute or Parasite: The Entanglement of Scientific and Social Victorian Discourses

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Hunniford
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Social Parasite ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
Greek Drama ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Inspiration

Where does scientific inspiration come from? How does society determine its identity? Biology acts as a source for social metaphor, just as society can be the catalyst to drive scientific discovery. Though the word “parasite” has its origins in Greek drama, it became popularly associated with biology with the advent of the microscope. The story of the “parasite” is complicated by the frequent adoption of biological language to describe society and reinforce constructed social hierarchy. Prostitutes, as a group, are socially “parasitized” in the 19th century largely because of the threat of rapidly spreading venereal disease. The Contagious Diseases Acts, passed from 1864-1869, were a drastic medical solution to a problem that could have been more easily solved through milder social reforms. The primary motivation seems to be a fear of contagion, class mixing, and the weakening of the empire. Both the unseen biological parasite and the prostitute or “social parasite” act as threatening forces in the Victorian mind. The language of primary social and scientific literature from the 19th century shows each discourse being influenced by the other in an inextricably entangled way.

scholarly journals Modernity in medicine and hygiene at the end of the 19th century: the example of cremation

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Porro ◽  
Bruno Falconi ◽  
Carlo Cristini ◽  
Lorenzo Lorusso ◽  
Antonia F. Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Forensic Scientists ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

Medicine in the second half of the nineteenth century takes on some characteristics of <em>modernity</em>. These characteristics are worthy of our attention because they help us to understand better some of the current problems of hygiene and public health. One of the topics that was most discussed in the scientific-academic milieu of the second half of the nineteenth century was cremation. There was a poetic precedent: the cremation of Percy Bysse Shelley (1792-1822). The earliest apparatus to completely destroy the corpse was made in Italy and Germany in the 1870s. As far as hygiene was concerned, the reasons for cremation were not to pollute the water-bearing strata and an attempt to streamline the cemetery structure. As in an apparent schizophrenia, scientists of the day worked to both destroy and preserve corpses. There is also the unusual paradox that when the first cremations took place, the corpses were first preserved then to be destroyed later. The catholic world (mainly in Italy) and forensic scientists opposed cremation. It was left to the hygienists to spread the practice of cremation. An analysis of scientific literature shows us that if we leave out the related forensic and ethical problems, recent years have seen attention paid to any harmful emissions from crematoria equipment which have poured into the environment. Another issue is the assessment of inadvertent damage which may be caused by the condition of the corpse. Some topics, however, such as the need for preventive autopsies (first proposed in 1884 in Milan) are still a subject of debate, and seem to pass virtually unchanged from one generation to the next.

scholarly journals ON SOME ASPECTS OF ETHNO-DEMOGRAPIHICPROCESSES IN NORTH AZERBAIJAN IN THE 19th CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Shahbazov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local People ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
New Settlements

After the agreements signed between tsarist Russia and Iran and Turkey in the 19th century (The Gulustan Peace Treaty of 1813, Turkmenchay Peace Treaty of 1828 and Edirne Peace Treaty (The Treaty of Adrianople) of 1829), very serious political processes took place in NorthAzerbaijan. As a result of the tsarism’s resettlement policy, which served the plan to Russify and Christianize the region, a large number of Germans, Russians, Armenians, Poles, Greeks and other ethnic groups were resettled in the region. New settlements and villages were built for some of them, and some of them were settled on lands, villages and settlements belonging to local people. This, in turn, led to the migration of the local population, leaving their ancestral lands. Bazing on sources and literature is made attempts in the article to analyze these political events that have a significant impact on the ethno-demographic structure of North Azerbaijan.

scholarly journals Die Ereignisse des Vormärz im Literarischen Schaffen des kompromisslosen Schriftstellers und Publizisten Robert Eduard Prutz

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (XXI) ◽  
pp. 173-186
Author(s):  
Renata Trejnowska-Supranowicz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Writing ◽  
Important Means ◽  
History Of Journalism ◽  
The 19Th Century

Born in Szczecin, Robert Eduard Prutz (1816-1872) enjoyed considerable pop-ularity as a creator of the pre-March period poetry, as a journalist working for HallischeJahrbücher, one of influential publications of that time, and as a literary historian and expert on the history of journalism. Prutz’s life and work coincided with the society’s great dissatisfaction with the ossified absolutist system; literature in the 19th century constituted an important means of communication linking the text, the reader, and the historical context. In the poems and plays completed before the March revolution, the writer aimed at shaping the readers’ awareness, especially in terms of bringing down the feudal system. In this article Prutz’s selected works are used to demonstrate the ways in which he was able to address specific political events and the extent to which a given piece of literature could be treated as political writing. More specifically, several poems and the novel titled Das Engelchen, that refer to specific political events which occurred between the Congress of Vienna and the March Revolution, are analysed.

scholarly journals AKUSHA-DARGO IN RUSSIA’S POLICY IN DAGESTAN IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 19th CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
B G Aliev ◽  
O A Murtazaev
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Mountain Communities ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Active Policy

The article deals with the activity of one of the most well-known, influential and active political structures of Dagestan at the end of the 18th - the first half of the 19th cc. - the federation of Dargin unions of rural communities Akusha-Dargo. It was the period of active policy of Russia in Dagestan, which began after the conclusion of the Küçük Kaynardzha peace treaty with Turkey. Dagestan people generally sympathized with intensification of Russia’s policy. But there were rulers, in particular Shikhali Khan of Derbent and Surkhay Khan II of Gazikumukh, who pursued an anti-Russian policy, involving in this process other rulers and mountain communities and, of course, Akusha-Dargo, as the most influential political structure of Dagestan. Akusha-Dargo was closely associated with Shikhali Khan of Derbent and took an active part in his anti-Russian policy. Therefore, Akusha-Dargo was the focus of attention of the Caucasian command: it was mentioned in dozens of orders, reports, dispatches, letters, and instructions from all the commanders in the Caucasus, who closely followed the behavior of the Dargins, fervently discussing their participation in the anti-Russian policy of various rulers; in the reports and dispatches to Emperor Nicholas I and military ministers. The Caucasian command informed them of the activity of Akusha-Dargo, characterizing it as the most powerful political structure, which has a great influence on feudal rulers and mountain societies, and its role and significance in political events and the situation in Dagestan was emphasized in various documents. The article contains the material that reveals the role and importance of Akusha-Dargo in the political life of Dagestan in the thirties of the 19th century.

scholarly journals L’ITALIANO DEI FRANCESI NEI PRIMI ANNI DELL’OTTOCENTO

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Colombo
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
French Empire ◽  
Dramatic Criticism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Political Events ◽  
First French Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

During the 19th Century, many French literary works exhibit the fascination and appeal of Italy and contain numerous insertions written in Italian. On the other hand, during their stay in Italy, French writers and intellectuals often contributed to local periodicals or were welcomed into Italian Academies. Among these authors, Giovanni Salvatore De Coureil and Aimé Guillon, who are the object of this study, are famous mainly for their controversies with Monti and Foscolo. However, they also published interesting works the different linguistic and aesthetical, (both Italian and French), codes, examined with reference to the various political events relating to both Countries, from the First French Empire to Bourbon Restauration. A brief analysis of these writings illustrates their thematic variety that deals with literary and dramatic criticism as well as translation issues, in which heteroglossia phenomena intertwine with interculturalism.

scholarly journals Literaturnyy obraz dytynstva v chasy kryzy XX–XXI st./

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jakubowska-Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
War Literature ◽  
World War ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Literary Images ◽  
The 19Th Century

The monograph analyses literary images of difficult childhood from the end of the 19th century to modern times. The authors look at different subject matters from various perspectives. The most important of them are: the problem of establishing identity in times of turmoil or individual crises, the influence of social and political events on the image of childhood and childhood in war literature (which concerns World War II and subsequent conflicts, including the current one in Ukraine).

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