scholarly journals Give credit to the market: The decision not to prohibit 100 per cent loan-to-value mortgages

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-45
Author(s):  
Cathal FitzGerald
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Suboptimal Outcome ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
Ideological Context ◽  
Market Ideology

AbstractA decision not to prohibit or limit high-risk mortgage products in Ireland in 2005 reveals the extent to which three important factors – interests, institutions, ideology – impact on information processing by decision-makers, and reveals irrationality or otherwise in the process. This article summarises the events leading up to the bad decision on 100 per cent loan-to-value (LTV) mortgages in November 2005. This case reveals the nature of the interaction between government departments, regulators and banks at a critical time before the crash, and shows how a department’s interests can interact with institutional factors, and the ideological context, to prompt poor rational and irrational information processing, and lead to a bad decision. In particular, the dominance of a market ideology which raised the threshold for what information was necessary before intervention would be made, combined with the low institutional standing of the department seeking intervention, produced a suboptimal outcome. Finally, the case provides evidence of irrationality (e.g. groupthink, herding) within institutional actors, rather than between them.

scholarly journals Rubbish Justice: A political ecology of Tibar's dumpsite-to-landfill upgrade in Timor-Leste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joanna Woodham
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
The People ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Timor Leste

<p>In pursuing significant infrastructural upgrades to solid waste management systems, how do decision-makers balance social safeguarding with wider system improvements? What are the implications for justice, if the people most affected by the development have been providing unrecognised labour within the waste management system? Adopting an intentionally political lens, this thesis presents an analysis of power and justice within the case study of Tibar’s dumpsite-to-landfill upgrade, in Timor-Leste.   This research was conducted at a critical time while the upgrade was developing. Through a political ecology framework, supported by environmental justice, it emerges that there is a disconnect between stakeholders’ and decision-makers’ intentions versus their ability to act on these intentions. Several systemic barriers exist in waste-pickers’ justice being met. In some instances, these barriers constitute such injustices. This thesis further evidences the claim that the impacts of the growing global waste problem are not evenly distributed throughout society.  Tibar dumpsite is established as a political space where the intersection of waste and labour is dynamic and changing, brought to light by the proposed dumpsite-to-landfill upgrade.</p>

scholarly journals The IM Decision Making And Problem-Solving Model: A Unisex Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Suleiman Yahaya ◽  
Maryam M.B Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Development ◽  
Or Organization ◽  
Fast Decision

This paper The search paper aimed at introducing new development in decision-making and problem-solving models which will enable the decision-makers to have more options on the way of handling any give scenarios that might occur in the process of daily life or organizational activities, this will improve fast decision by individual or organization. Decision making is an acceptable part of human daily life. People have to make different important decisions nearly every day, hence the reason that often-making decisions can be a difficult action to take. However, a significant number of observational studies have shown that most individuals are much worse in decision-making in organizations. Thus, people started paying more attention to learning how to make an acceptable decision through the related hypotheses and models that fit their scenarios. Along with the line hundred (100) sample of the design developed model with a Likert-Scale from 1-5 was attached and sent to some prominent leaders who virtually make a decision and solved problems almost every day, for their assessment’s/analysis in order to collect data to determine both input and output of the developed model which some accepted as it was designed while some make changes and other make a recommendation for future research work. The decision-making tools are needed at the critical time of Covid.

scholarly journals Participatory Urban Planning: What Would Make Planners Trust the Citizens?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Åström
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
General Weakness

Based on the critical stance of citizens towards urban planning, growing attention has been directed towards new forms of citizen participation. A key expectation is that advanced digital technologies will reconnect citizens and decision makers and enhance trust in planning. However, empirical evidence suggests participation by itself does not foster trust, and many scholars refer to a general weakness of these initiatives to deliver the expected outcomes. Considering that trust is reciprocal, this article will switch focus and concentrate on planners’ attitudes towards citizens. Do urban planners generally think that citizens are trustworthy? Even though studies show that public officials are more trusting than people in general, it is possible that they do not trust citizens when interacting with government. However, empirical evidence is scarce. While there is plenty of research on citizens’ trust in government, public officials trust in citizens has received little scholarly attention. To address this gap, we will draw on a survey targeted to a representative sample of public managers in Swedish local government (N = 1430). First, urban planners will be compared with other public officials when it comes to their level of trust toward citizens’ ability, integrity and benevolence. In order to understand variations in trust, a set of institutional factors will thereafter be tested, along with more commonly used individual factors. In light of the empirical findings, the final section of the article returns to the idea of e-participation as a trust-building strategy. What would make planners trust the citizens in participatory urban planning?

Frameworks and Models in Decision-Making and Judgment in Child Welfare and Protection

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Rami Benbenishty ◽  
John D. Fluke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Predictive Risk

This chapter presents the basic concepts, theoretical perspectives, and areas of scholarship that bear on decisions in child welfare—making choices in decision environments characterized by high levels of uncertainty. The authors distinguish between normative models that predict what decision-makers ought to choose when faced with alternatives and descriptive models that describe how they tend to make these choices in real life. The chapter reviews those challenges that may be especially relevant in the complex context of child welfare and protection. One way in which decision-makers overcome task complexities and limitations in human information processing (bounded rationality) is by using heuristics to navigate complex tasks. The chapter reviews strategies to correct some limitations in judgment. The authors examine the relationships between workers’ predictions of what would be the outcomes of the case and the actual outcomes and describe two types of error (false positive and false negative) and the related concepts of specificity and sensitivity. These issues are followed by a description of the Lens Model and some of its implications for child welfare decision-making, including predictive risk modeling and studies on information processing models. The final section presents current theoretical models in child welfare decision-making and describes Decision-Making Ecology (DME) and Judgments and Decision Processes in Context (JUDPiC). The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research on child welfare decision-making that could contribute to our conceptual understanding and have practical utility as well.

Concordance in advance care preferences among high-risk surgical patients and surrogate health care decision makers in the perioperative setting

Surgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooks V. Udelsman ◽  
Nicolas Govea ◽  
Zara Cooper ◽  
David C. Chang ◽  
Angela Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Health Care Decision ◽  
Advance Care ◽  
Care Decision

scholarly journals Information Processing and Limited Liability

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Maćkowiak ◽  
Mirko Wiederholt
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Good Decision ◽  
Two Agents ◽  
Unlimited Liability

Decision-makers often face limited liability and thus know that their loss will be bounded. We study how limited liability affects the behavior of an agent who chooses how much information to acquire and process in order to take a good decision. We find that an agent facing limited liability processes less information than an agent with unlimited liability. The informational gap between the two agents is larger in bad times than in good times and when information is more costly to process.

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