scholarly journals Ethnic Literature and Slovak American Research

Ars Aeterna ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Diana Židová
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Literary History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Ethnic Literature ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
American Research ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The article outlines the beginnings of ethnic literature research in the United States of America with regards to its reception from the 1960s to the 1980s. Aesthetic merit as a leading consideration in the evaluation of literary works, in view of the opinions of numerous critics, is quite problematic to apply in the case of Czech and Polish literature. Considering the output of Slovak-American research in the field of literary criticism and literary history, the results are not satisfactory either. There are a few works that provide valuable insight into the literature of the Slovak diaspora.

scholarly journals Roman Jakobson

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Thomas
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Roman Jakobson ◽  
The 1960S

Roman Osipovich Jakobson (1896–1982) famously characterized himself as a “Russian philologist. Period.” He arranged for his gravestone to be engraved simply with the words “Roman Jakobson—RUSSKIJ FILOLOG.” Jakobson’s Russianness, and his love of language and literature, are beyond dispute. However, his intellectual contributions far exceed the intersection of the two terms of his self-description. Jakobson was a dynamic and protean scholar, who wrote about Poetics, Phonology, historical linguistics (especially Slavic), morphosyntax, semiotics, psycholinguistics, and cultural and literary history. He participated avidly in a succession of scholarly collaboratives which generated ideas about language and literature that radiated outward to other thinkers and disciplines. In a first and formative instance, Jakobson was a precocious member of the avant garde literary-artistic Futurist movement in Moscow in the 1910s. In 1926, he co-founded the Prague Linguistic Circle, which developed a distinctive response to the structuralist linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure (b. 1857–d. 1913) that was then spreading across Europe. Following his immigration to America in 1941, Jakobson co-founded the Linguistic Circle of New York and taught at the French-Belgian university in exile, the École Libre des Hautes Études, before joining the faculty of Columbia University (in 1946), Harvard (in 1949), and MIT (in 1957, concurrent with his appointment at Harvard). Working steadily into his eighties through these successive dislocations, Jakobson produced a flood of texts and lectures addressed to diverse audiences, often coauthored with colleagues or former students. Much of his attention went to close linguistic analysis of literature, with a special focus on the formal linguistic features and sound patterns of poetry. A second theme was his work in phonology, especially in his collaboration with fellow Russian émigré and Prague Circle member Nikolai Trubetzkoy (b. 1890–d. 1938). Jakobson resolved phonemes into bundles of hierarchically organized distinctive features, emphasizing acoustic over articulatory definitions, in which one member has default or “unmarked” status relative to the other. The notion of distinctive features influenced generative phonology and other approaches in the 1960s, although Jakobson’s contributions are not always acknowledged. Another of Jakobson’s most significant accomplishments was his role in transmitting structuralism from Europe to the United States, especially during his residence in New York when his lectures on Saussure at the École Libre influenced anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss (b. 1908–d. 2009). Through Jakobson, structuralist ideas passed to Lévi-Strauss, and then to sociology, philosophy, literary criticism, and 20th-century humanities in general, before meeting opposition from poststructuralism in the late 1960s.

1968: Music as Rhetoric in Social Movements

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Mark Goodman ◽  
Stephen Brandon ◽  
Melody Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Rhetorical Criticism ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rhetorical Practice ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Rhetorical Force ◽  
Insight Into

<p>In 1968 social movements sparked rhetorical discourses which occurred in many nations and on hundreds of colleges and in communities across the United States.  These rhetorical discourses ultimately changed the direction of human events.  Sometimes these points of ideological protests shared views on specific issues, especially demonstrations against the Vietnam War, but each conflict was also its own local conflict.  There is no evidence that any specific group organized the protests, or that speakers motivated demonstrations, or that the rhetoric of one protest caused other protests.  Yet, the protests were not just spontaneous fires that happened to occur in the same year. So, how is it that so many protesters shared the desire for change and shared rhetoric, but each protest was sparked by local issues?  Answering that question provides insight into how the rhetoric of social movements occurred in 1968. </p><p>               Many scholars call for the study of the social movements of the 1960s.  Jensen (1996) argues, “The events of the 1960s dramatically increased the interest in studying social movements and forced rhetorical scholars to reconsider their methods for studying public discourse” (p. 28). To Lucas (2006), “Words became weapons in the cultural conflict that divided America” (x). Schippa (2001) wrote, “Many accounts identify the 1960s as a turning point. For better or for worse, there was a confluence of changing rhetorical practices, expanding rhetorical theories, and opportunities for rhetorical criticism. The cultural clashes of the 1960s were felt perhaps most acutely on college campuses. The sufficiency of deliberative argument and public address can be said to have been called into question, whether one was an antiwar activist who hated LBJ's war in Vietnam or a pro-establishment stalwart trying to make sense of the rhetoric of protest and demonstration. Years later, scholars would characterize war itself as rhetorical. What counted as rhetorical practice was up for grabs”(p. 261).</p>               First, this paper will frame the protest movement of 1968.  Then, we will search for the common factors that shaped the protests of 1968, focusing on the role of music. This analysis will provide insight into how music became a rhetorical force in a significant social movement of the 20th Century.

scholarly journals A Compensatory Control Account of Meritocracy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Goode ◽  
Lucas A. Keefer ◽  
Ludwin E. Molina
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Compensatory Control ◽  
The Future ◽  
Economic Ideology ◽  
Insight Into

Why are people motivated to support social systems that claim to distribute resources based on hard work and effort, even when those systems seem unfair? Recent research on compensatory control shows that lowered perceptions of personal control motivate a greater endorsement of external systems (e.g., God, government) that compensate for a lack of personal control. The present studies demonstrate that U.S. citizens’ faith in a popular economic ideology, namely the belief that hard work guarantees success (i.e., meritocracy), similarly increases under conditions of decreased personal control. We found that a threat to personal control increased participants’ endorsement of meritocracy (Studies 1 and 2). Additionally, lowered perceptions of control led to increased feelings of anxiety regarding the future, but the subsequent endorsement of (Study 2) or exposure to (Study 3) meritocracy attenuated this effect. While the compensatory use of meritocracy may be a phenomenon unique to the United States of America, these studies provide important insight into the appeal and persistence of ideologies in general.

scholarly journals Income Inequality in the United States and Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Harshit Gupta ◽  
Shivansh Garg ◽  
Devang Garg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labour Unions ◽  
Data Comparison ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Union Role

This paper concentrates on comparing the policies implemented in the United States of America and European Union after the 1960s which led to the inequality tends among the respective populations. Data comparison between the top 1% and bottom 50% households show significant increase in inequality in US whereas Europe has been successful in stabilizing these trends. Various factors such as role of European Union, role of Labour unions, Education, tax, and transfer policies are thoroughly explained with relevant data from various sources.

Southern African Air Transport After Apartheid

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon H. Pirie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Similar Action ◽  
Black African ◽  
The 1960S

Aviation in Southern Africa was subject throughout the 1980s to increasingly intense political pressures. As ever, the cause was protests about apartheid. The severe blow that black African countries dealt to South African Airways (S.A.A.), the Republic's state-owned national airline, in the 1960s by withdrawing overflying rights was magnified by similar action from a wider spectrum of non-African governments. In the mid-1980s, Australia and the United States of America, for example, revoked S.A.A.'s landing rights, and forbad airlines registered in their countries from flying to South Africa. Other carriers, such as Air Canada, closed their offices and then terminated representation in South Africa.

The Radical Right in the United States of America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Parker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Tea Party ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
John Birch Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Behavior

This chapter examines the attitudes, beliefs, and behavior of the reactionary right in the United States. It seeks to provide a better understanding of what motivates the reactionary right, and how such motivations inform the policy preferences and behavior of its constituents. However, the paucity of data restricts the analysis of the reactionary right to a fifty-year span, from the 1960s through the Tea Party. It begins with an overview of reactionary thought, including a brief history of reactionary movements through the mid-twentieth century. It then conducts an assessment of the immediate predecessor of the Tea Party: the John Birch Society. This is followed by an analysis of the contemporary reactionary movement in the United States: the Tea Party, and the movement responsible for the election of Donald Trump. The conclusion also briefly touches upon the continuities (and discontinuities) between the Tea Party and its European counterparts.

Legal Regulation of Harassment on the Ground of Age: Lessons from America?

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Sam Middlemiss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into

While numerous articles have now been written on the age regulations 1 they tend to concentrate on the broad detail of the Regulations and their likely impact in the United Kingdom, whereas this article, while also involving analysis of the legal rules, concentrates on one aspect of the Regulations namely, age harassment. It will also involve consideration of the equivalent law in the United States because they have a much more mature set of legal rules dealing with this type of activity. The difficulty of making such a comparison is that the legal rules in the two jurisdictions are very different and the UK version is much more favourable than its US counterpart. Nevertheless, it is this writer’s view that identifying the various problems that have arisen in the US with implementing their age legislation in respect of age harassment over almost forty years 2 will prove instructive and valuable to those persons required to comply with the new law in the UK and offer valuable insight into the legal treatment of this issue.

To Understand Myopic Alleviation by Conducting Finite Element Structural Analysis of a Cornea With an Intrastromal Corneal Ring Implant

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman N. Khan ◽  
Panos S. Shiakolas
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Intrastromal Corneal Ring ◽  
Light Rays ◽  
Insight Into

Myopia or shortsightedness is a visual impairment condition that is affecting more than 32 million Americans according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, and this number is expected to increase even further with the increasing life expectancy in the United States. Myopia occurs when light rays entering the cornea are focused in front of the retina due to: high corneal curvature, short axial length of the eye, or high optical power of the natural lens. These reasons suggest that light refracting elements play a pivotal role in determining visual acuity. The cornea is the principal refractive element in the eye contributing almost 75 percent of ocular refractive power and if the shape of the cornea can be changed to increase or decrease the focal length of the converging light rays it could present a possible solution to improving myopia. The presented research focuses on the effects of intrastromal corneal ring (ICR) implantation on the shape of the cornea by developing a computationally efficient 3D axisymmetric finite element (FE) model of the cornea utilizing hyperelastic material properties. The results of the developed corneal FE model with a 360° ICR implant are analyzed and discussed. The FE model results provide confidence in the ability of the ICR implants to reduce myopia. The attained FE model results not only agree qualitatively with published clinical data but also provide a valuable insight into the surgery.

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