scholarly journals Testing Methods for Fire Performance of Building Materials and Construction

1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (353) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Koichi KISHITANI ◽  
Shinichi SUGAWARA ◽  
Katsuo OGUNI
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Testing Methods

scholarly journals Impact of frost temperature and moisture content on frost damage to ceramic bricks

2019 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Hans Janssen ◽  
Chi Feng ◽  
Staf Roels
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Reliable Knowledge ◽  
Modulus Reduction ◽  
Very High

Reliable knowledge on how frost deteriorates building materials is necessary when assessing the hygrothermal performances of building facades. Unfortunately, the current frost-thaw testing methods do not offer dependable knowledge, as they only test at very low temperatures and very high moisture contents, contrary to the spectrum of milder conditions usually met in reality. This paper therefore studies frost damage to four ceramic bricks, with accele-rated frost-thaw tests at frost temperatures from -2 °C to -20 °C and moisture saturation degrees from 0.1 to 1.0. The ultrasonic method is used to quantify the resulting frost damage, with the Young’s modulus reduction as index. The actual frost temperature and moisture content affect the level of frost damage, an effect which is not recognised however in current frost-thaw test protocols.

scholarly journals Leaching of Carbon Reinforced Concrete—Part 2: Discussion of Evaluation Concepts and Modelling

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4937
Author(s):  
Lia Weiler ◽  
Anya Vollpracht ◽  
Thomas Matschei
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Inorganic Substances

Possible threats on the environment and human health by the leaching of new building materials and composites in contact to water should be prevented from the outset. It is therefore necessary to assess and ensure their environmental compatibility. For irrigated construction elements this is a challenging task, as there is no general correlation between known testing methods and outdoor emissions. A feasible assessment concept is needed for these conditions. In this work the German assessment method for permanently wet building materials is applied on different carbon reinforced concrete (C3) leaching data. Furthermore, emission prediction approaches of the Dutch building Materials Decree and the software COMLEAM are tested. The established methods are not yet suitable to determine the complex long term outdoor emissions of irrigated C3. In order to achieve realistic results in time saving testing methods and to define reasonable release limits, it is necessary to determine and verify the relevant influencing parameters on leaching through intermittent water contact. This research works out leaching patterns and correlations between inorganic substances. It is shown that the input parameters time of exposure, contact time, air temperature, air humidity, runoff and background concentration should be considered to predict the leaching processes from irrigated concrete phenomenologically.

Bearing Pressure Risk Prediction Algorithm Research and Simulation for Single Points of the Building Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 1550-1554
Author(s):  
Jian Wan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Signal Distribution ◽  
Quantum Neural Network ◽  
Pressure Testing ◽  
Support Area ◽  
Positioning Algorithm

The pressure testing of the building materials has been a hot topic of research in the field of architecture. Traditional building materials pressure testing methods all calculate the larger bearing pressure fragile area, and are difficult to be accurate to the very point. This is mainly because of the larger range of signal distribution, which avianizes the correlation of the signal. To address the problem mentioned above, a bearing pressure fragile support point positioning algorithm for the building materials is proposed. The algorithm The combines the quantum computing with the neuron model in neural network to form the quantum neurons, and then expands them into a quantum neural network to achieve the functions of the traditional neural network, enhance the optimization capability of computing the small surface area of the building materials and ensure that the bearing pressure fragile support area of the building materials is further reduced, and shorten the positioning range. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better positioning effect on bearing pressure fragile points computing of the building and higher positioning accuracy.

Experimental Research of Foaming Concrete Performance with Different Ash Calcium

2013 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 435-438
Author(s):  
Li Hua Gu ◽  
Yong Feng Wang ◽  
Jian Wei Yue
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Comparative Experiment ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Foam Concrete ◽  
Building Insulation

Foam concrete as an inorganic building insulation materials, light weight, good thermal insulation and excellent fire performance characteristics, it is the new building materials with low flammability that is good for environmental protection, energy and money saving. This paper establishes the quantitative relationship between the foam concrete’s 3d, 7d and 28d compressive strength and ash calcium dosage through the comparative experiment and analysis. Reveales the law ash calcium on compressive strength, thermal conductivity and dry density of the foam concrete.

scholarly journals A Review of the Structural Fire Performance Testing Methods for Beam-to-Column Connections

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Noor Azim Mohd. Radzi ◽  
Roszilah Hamid ◽  
Azrul A. Mutalib ◽  
A. B. M. Amrul Kaish
Keyword(s):  
Performance Testing ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Fire Testing ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Structural Fire ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Key Issues

The structural fire performance tests for beam-to-column connections are critical in determining their fire performance at high temperatures. The current standard fire testing methods provide the procedures for establishing the fire resistance of each construction element exposed to a standard fire. However, these methods cannot verify the fire behaviour of the connections between building elements. Researchers have performed numerous fire tests on beam-to-column connections despite the lack of structural fire performance testing methods. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of the structural fire performance testing methods for beam-to-column connections. The major areas in this review are travelling fires, development of travelling fires on beam-to-column connections, fire testing considerations, fire testing criteria, recent fire testing, and loading applications. This paper identifies the key issues and challenges of the structural fire performance testing methods for beam-to-column connections. Finally, this paper provides recommendations and discusses the way forward for structural fire performance tests on beam-to-column connections.

scholarly journals Development of a Passive and Active Technology Package Standard and Database for Application to Zero Energy Buildings in South Korea

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uk-Joo Sung ◽  
Seok-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

There is much research on zero energy buildings. In this paper, technologies and policies to improve the building energy efficiency of zero energy buildings are presented. The zero energy building certification system in Korea is introduced, and the evaluation is carried out based on the energy self-reliance rate that enables zero energy buildings. Zero energy buildings are able to minimize energy consumption due to the application of highly efficient building materials and equipment technology. In this research, to increase the prevalence of zero energy buildings in Korea, the authors propose a zero energy building technology package. Using a passive and active technology package, we confirmed the necessity and detailed requirements of each technology parameter. We analyze and classify Korean building material testing methods and performance standards, and propose passive and active technology packages, modules, material performance testing methods and minimum requirement performance standards. Finally, this study proposed a table presenting the test methods, standard and minimum value of performance. By these results, the authors confirmed the effectiveness and availability of passive and active technical packages.

scholarly journals Damage assessement and rehabilitation of historic traditional structures

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelmegeed
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
General Description ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Early 19Th Century

The work lies on many scientific fields (civil engineering, architecture engineering, restoration and conservation science and materials science) cooperate to identify damage cases and damage assessment to historic traditional buildings and proposed adequate intervention methods to strengthening and rehabilitation of traditional buildings to re-use it in cultural job . 1st chapter: Historic traditional masonry structures; history, development and structural elements. In this chapter we study the historical and architectural development of historic traditional masonry buildings and the development of traditional masonry residential buildings in Athens-Greece and Cairo-Egypt; attention is focused on a comparative study of the architectural components which governed the design concept of Athens and Cairo traditional house and highlighted its distinctive characteristics, building materials used for structural elements, and deterioration phenomena. 2nd Chapter: Factors and aspects damage of historic traditional masonry. This chapter is concerned with a study of the deterioration factors and phenomena which may affect the integrity of historic traditional buildings. Such factors include earthquakes, change in uses and past conversion(s), structural (construction) defects, cracking, wall delamination, and the absence of conservation and restoration. 3rd Chapter: Structural appraisal; Registration, Documentation, and Testing methods. As for the structural appraisal of historic traditional masonry, the chapter discusses and explains the procedures adopted for structural appraisal. These procedures include registration and documentation, monitoring, testing methods and laboratory work. 4th Chapter: Rehabilitation Methods for Historic Traditional Masonry Building. In this part the work focused on studying the methods which used to improve structural behaviour of the historic traditional masonry buildings. These methods involve the strengthening of masonry walls, the improvement of the connections between walls and floors, the repair of floors. The study is concluded with a discussion on how to re-use historic traditional buildings 5thChapter: Case study. Aktaiou building was built in the early 19th century and it is considered to represent the structural and architectural trends prevailing in Athens this period and has suffered significant deterioration phenomena. The work was divided as follows: General description of the building, history of the building, archaeological studies, presents appraisal, deterioration phenomena and factors, present condition, damage assessment and identification of damage phenomena. The work was based on mechanical and chemical tests such as XRD, XRF, optical microscope, compression tests, strain gage measurements, study of the mechanical and physical properties and linking these properties with deterioration phenomena. Structural analysis of the building in both its initial state and after the implementation of the proposed interventions, identification of the causes of damage based on visual observation and mapping of the deterioration phenomena, numerical analysis. and verification of proposed intervention of Aktaiou building to resist different deterioration factors in the future.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Testing Methods as a Main Tool Supporting Effective Waste Management in Construction Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jaskowska-Lemańska ◽  
J. Sagan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractConstruction and demolition (C&D) waste management should be accordance with the waste management hierarchy. In practice, C&D waste are often downcycling. It is the result of many factors, including lack of awareness about the value inherent in waste. The paper presents analysis of the adaptability of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for technical assessment of waste properties. As part of the work, non-destructive testing methods were described and classified in accordance with material and the features they enable testing. The publication presents examples of the use of NDT in the recovery of building materials during construction projects, in the field of influence of technical information of waste on the way it is managed. Finally, a scheme of waste management process during the renovation of an object with the application of NDT methods was presented.

Fire performance of polycarbonate sheets as building materials

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 310-311
Author(s):  
J. S. Sugahara ◽  
K. Oguni ◽  
J. Y. Tanaike
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Fire Performance
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