scholarly journals Adapting Nepal’s polio eradication programme

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna P Paudel ◽  
Lee M Hampton ◽  
Santosh Gurung ◽  
Rajendra Bohara ◽  
Indra K Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Eradication Programme

scholarly journals The moral dilemma of the polio eradication programme

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (4) ◽  
pp. 294-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Jacob John ◽  
Dhanya Dharmapalan
Keyword(s):  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Eradication Programme

scholarly journals The role of genetic sequencing and analysis in the polio eradication programme

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jorgensen ◽  
Margarita Pons-Salort ◽  
Alexander G Shaw ◽  
Nicholas C Grassly
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Genetic Sequencing ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Eradication Campaign ◽  
Global Polio Eradication Initiative

Abstract Genetic sequencing of polioviruses detected through clinical and environmental surveillance is used to confirm detection, identify their likely origin, track geographic patterns of spread, and determine the appropriate vaccination response. The critical importance of genetic sequencing and analysis to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has grown with the increasing incidence of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) infections in Africa specifically (470 reported cases in 2019), and globally, alongside persistent transmission of serotype 1 wild-type poliovirus in Pakistan and Afghanistan (197 reported cases in 2019). Adapting what has been learned about the virus genetics and evolution to address these threats has been a major focus of recent work. Here, we review how phylogenetic and phylogeographic methods have been used to trace the spread of wild-type polioviruses and identify the likely origins of VDPVs. We highlight the analysis methods and sequencing technology currently used and the potential for new technologies to speed up poliovirus detection and the interpretation of genetic data. At a pivotal point in the eradication campaign with the threat of anti-vaccine sentiment and donor and public fatigue, innovation is critical to maintain drive and overcome the last remaining circulating virus.

scholarly journals A Communication for Development Approach to Eradicating Polio: India Succeeds

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-180
Author(s):  
Deepak Gupta ◽  
Kiron Bansal ◽  
Anusha Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Cultural Taboos ◽  
Communication For Development ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Socially Excluded

Communication for development (C4D), has been identified as a major factor in eradication of Polio in India. India has been hailed as a success as it saw innovative use of epidemiological data and application of multiple communication channels, especially for the Polio eradication programme. It has also been perceived that communication for Polio eradication has mostly promoted Polio-vaccine drops whereas the main causal factors such as low rates of routine immunization, poor sanitation, lack of clean drinking water, and poor nutrition that are responsible for spread of Polio virus have not been promoted have not been promoted as the behavior-change content. The research was held in sub-urban clusters around the capital city of Delhi inhabited by migrants from two Indian states. The research documented that the knowledge and perceptions of large number of communities are very low with regard to recalling any causal factors which lead to Polio transmission. Research concludes, for behaviours to change, that cultural taboos, societal norms and structural inequalities need to be taken into consideration, including special emphasis on migrant settlers. Communication strategies have to be cognizant of and in tune with the policy and legislative environment and also linked to the service delivery aspects for the most vulnerable and socially-excluded.

scholarly journals Smallpox and polio eradication in India: comparative histories and lessons for contemporary policy

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Bhattacharya ◽  
Rajib Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Local Officials

This article argues that a detailed examination of factors contributing to the development of complex structures and strategies for smallpox eradication in South Asia in the 1970s can provide fruitful indications for the reformulation of the national chapters of the global polio eradication programme in this region. There is a magnificent archive in the WHO's Geneva offices, which details how smallpox eradication outbreaks were located and then contained in cities, small towns and remote rural areas in this region, by teams of international workers working closely with local officials. A systematic assessment of the global smallpox eradication efforts indicates parallels between the early stages of the global smallpox eradication programme and the present situation of the polio campaign; as we will see here, it can also provide useful indicators for future action in South Asia and beyond.

scholarly journals The polio-eradication programme and issues of the end game

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Minor
Keyword(s):  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
World Health ◽  
Paralytic Poliomyelitis ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Health Organization

Poliovirus causes paralytic poliomyelitis, an ancient disease of humans that became a major public-health issue in the 20th century. The primary site of infection is the gut, where virus replication is entirely harmless; the two very effective vaccines developed in the 1950s (oral polio vaccine, or OPV, and inactivated polio vaccine, or IPV) induce humoral immunity, which prevents viraemic spread and disease. The success of vaccination in middle-income and developing countries encouraged the World Health Organization to commit itself to an eradication programme, which has made great advances. The features of the infection, including its largely silent nature and the ability of the live vaccine (OPV) to evolve and change in vaccine recipients and their contacts, make eradication particularly challenging. Understanding the pathogenesis and virology of the infection is of major significance as the programme reaches its conclusion.

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