INDEPENDENCE OF NOXIOUS STIMULUS INTENSITY AND MEASURES OF RESPIRATORY RATE AND IRREGULARITY

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
MICHAEL KAPLAN
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Noxious Stimulus

Attenuation of Experimental Pain by Tactile Stimulation: Effect of Vibration at Different Levels of Noxious Stimulus Intensity

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Blitz ◽  
Albert J. Dinnerstein ◽  
Milton Lowenthal
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Noxious Stimulus ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Vibratory Stimulus ◽  
Vibratory Stimulation ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
Different Levels

The present study was concerned with the masking and pain-attenuating effect of vibration at different levels of intensity of noxious stimulation. Forty Ss were given noxious stimulation in the form of increasingly painful electric shocks in trials where such shocks were presented with and without concurrent vibratory stimulation. The masking or pain-attenuating effect of the vibration was greatest at the lowest level of noxious stimulus intensity and decreased as the noxious stimulation intensity increased. At the highest level of noxious stimulation the effect of vibration was not significant although there was a tendency for Ss with higher pain tolerance to show summation. The possible relevance of the intensity of the vibratory stimulus to this pattern of results was discussed.

scholarly journals Onset hyperalgesia and offset analgesia: Transient increases or decreases of noxious thermal stimulus intensity robustly modulate subsequent perceived pain intensity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0231124
Author(s):  
Benedict J. Alter ◽  
Mya Sandi Aung ◽  
Irina A. Strigo ◽  
Howard L. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Noxious Stimulus ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Experienced Pain ◽  
Perceived Pain ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Absolute Magnitudes ◽  
Lower Temperature

Reported pain intensity depends not only on stimulus intensity but also on previously experienced pain. A painfully hot temperature applied to the skin evokes a lower subjective pain intensity if immediately preceded by a higher temperature, a phenomenon called offset analgesia. Previous work indicated that prior pain experience can also increase subsequent perceived pain intensity. Therefore, we examined whether a given noxious stimulus is experienced as more intense when it is preceded by an increase from a lower temperature. Using healthy volunteer subjects, we observed a disproportionate increase in pain intensity at a given stimulus intensity when this intensity is preceded by a rise from a lower intensity. This disproportionate increase is similar in magnitude to that of offset analgesia. We call this effect onset hyperalgesia. Control stimuli, in which a noxious temperature is held constant, demonstrate that onset hyperalgesia is distinct from receptor or central sensitization. The absolute magnitudes of offset analgesia and onset hyperalgesia correlate with each other but not with the noxious stimulus temperature. Finally, the magnitude of both offset analgesia and onset hyperalgesia depends on preceding temperature changes. Overall, this study demonstrates that the perceptual effect of a noxious thermal stimulus is influenced in a bidirectional manner depending upon both the intensity and direction of change of the immediately preceding thermal stimulus.

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