Further Development of the Temperament and Character Inventory

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Brändström ◽  
Jörg Richter ◽  
Per-Olof Nylander
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Procrustes Rotation ◽  
Rotation Method ◽  
Structural Equivalence ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Further Development

The Temperament and Character Inventory is an internationally used personality questionnaire based on Cloninger's psychobiological theory of personality. Given some limitations of Version 9 a revised version was developed. The structural equivalence of the two versions was demonstrated from a cross-cultural perspective with 309 and 173 healthy volunteers from Sweden and Germany, respectively, who completed both versions in one session. In testing for the replicability of the factors across both samples as well as across both versions, an orthogonal Procrustes rotation method was used. The reliability coefficients for the revision were higher than the former version for both samples. The factor structures of the inventory remain highly equivalent across cultures and across versions. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. The stability and the validity of the 7-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, are supported. The Temperament and Character Inventory–Revised represents an important and useful method for the assessment of personality.

Assessing Personality: The Temperament and Character Inventory in a Cross-Cultural Comparison between Germany, Sweden, and the USA

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1315-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Richter ◽  
Sven Brändström ◽  
Tom Przybeck
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Factor Congruence ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
The Usa

In this study the American, Swedish, and German versions of the Temperament and Character Inventory were compared based on samples of 300 healthy volunteers each, which had been carefully matched for age and sex. The analyses indicate a high agreement for scores on the temperament and character dimensions and subscales across the samples. Exceptions include minor differences that appear to be due to cultural variations, differences in sampling methods, and of some minor difficulties with two subscales (Exploratory Excitability and Self-acceptance) as well as defining the Persistence factor as an independent dimension of Temperament. The subscales yielded similar internal consistencies, correlational structure, factor structures, and high factor congruence coefficients. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. Also, the validity and stability of the seven-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, is supported.

Distributions by Age and Sex of the Dimensions of Temperament and Character Inventory in a Cross-Cultural Perspective among Sweden, Germany, and the USA

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Brändström ◽  
Jörg Richter ◽  
Tom Przybeck
Keyword(s):  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Biosocial Theory ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Age And Sex

Distribution by age and sex of the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory were assessed cross-culturally for samples in Sweden, Germany, and the USA. The Temperament and Character Inventory is a 240-item (Sweden, 238-item), self-administered, true-false format, paper-and-pencil test developed by Cloninger and his coworkers based on his unified biosocial theory of personality. The inventory measures the Temperament dimensions Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence as well as the Character dimensions, Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence. The samples consisted of 300 German subjects, 300 Swedish subjects, and 300 U.S. subjects matched by age cohort and sex. Stability of the personality dimensions was evaluated across samples as were their age and sex distributions. We found significant effects of age, sex, and culture in univeriate and multivariate comparisons on the personality dimensions. However, several significant differences in the personality dimensions for both European samples appear to be similar compared with those of the U.S. sample. We have to conclude that sex- and age-specific norms for the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory are necessary given the established significant differences.

An Iranian (Farsi) Version of the Temperament and Character Inventory: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1218-1228
Author(s):  
Jörg Richter ◽  
Sven Brändström ◽  
Habib Emami ◽  
Mehdi Ghazinour
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Rotation Method ◽  
Iranian Version ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Personality Facets ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Farsi Version

The Temperament and Character Inventory is a widely used personality questionnaire. It was developed to measure the four temperament dimensions of Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence, as well as three character dimensions, such as Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence, described in Cloninger's unified biosocial theory of personality. In a sample of 300 Germans, 300 Swedes, and 316 Iranian subjects, a factorial structure analysis using the Procrustes rotation method showed the structure of personality to be generally equivalent across cultures. Noteworthy cultural differences between the overall Asian and European subjects reflected by the data were observed in various Temperament and Character dimensions. Seemingly, there are cultural differences in the expression of the various personality facets that require a replacement of many items in the Iranian version. The Temperament and Character Inventory is sensitive to age, sex, and cultural differences in personality.

Examination of Relations between the Neo Personality Inventory-Revised and the Temperament and Character Inventory

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 921-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. MacDonald ◽  
Daniel Holland
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory Revised ◽  
Character Inventory

The present investigation examined the relation of the Five Factor Model of personality as measured by the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised to the seven-factor model of temperament and character as tapped by the Temperament and Character Inventory by testing a sample of 344 undergraduate students. Correlations and regression analyses suggest there is substantial overlap between the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised domains and Temperament and Character Inventory dimensions as reflected in multiple correlations ranging from .54 to .80 for the latter when used as predictors of NEO Personality Inventory-Revised domains and .46 to .78 for the former domains when used as predictors of Temperament and Character Inventory dimension scores. Information for constructing the regression equations to allow for the prediction of personality constructs for one model from scores obtained on the other are provided.

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