Surrogacy: The Parents' Story

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine B. Kleinpeter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Helping Professionals ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
The Mean

This qualitative study explored the experiences of 26 parents who were involved in surrogate parenting arrangements in a California-based surrogacy program. Participants were mostly white ( n = 23), married ( n = 25), females ( n = 24), with high levels of education and income. The mean age at the time of the first child's birth was 39 yr. ( SD = 5.06). The majority of parents reported having one ( n = 10) or two ( n = 8) children. All subjects reported infertility as their reason to explore surrogacy as a method of building a family. 18 participants chose in vitro fertilization as their method of conception. Telephone interviews explored their decision-making, method of fertilization, their relationship with their surrogate, and the support that they received during the surrogacy process. Results indicate that parents were able to anticipate some potential pitfalls prior to their experience but did not realize the importance of other potential difficulties. A conceptual model is presented with implications for helping professionals.

scholarly journals Selection of male goat embryos in vitro by using swim-up of epididymal spermatozoa

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Ihsan H. S. Al-Timimi
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Epididymal Spermatozoa ◽  
Selection Of

     The main objectives of this study is the separation of X from Y bearing epididymal spermatozoa of local buck by swim-up, and the use of this spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization to determine the percentage of produced male and female embryos. The sex of produced embryo was identified by polymerase chain reaction. Testis of the local buck were obtained from Al-Shu'alah abattoir and the epididymal spermatozoa were harvested from the cauda by and submitted to in vitro maturation prior to separation of X from Y bearing spermatozoa and prior to their use for in vitro fertilization. For the separation of epididymal spermatozoa, swim-up technique was used with centrifugation at 200×g or 300×g. The centrifugation at 200×g showed that 41.84±1.39 % of spermatozoa were detected in the supernatant while the precipitate contained 50.69±0.71 and the mean of the sperm lost was 7.65±0.93. After centrifugation, spermatozoa in the supernatant were used for in vitro fertilization of matured oocytes. The sex of in vitro produced goat embryos was determined by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers to detect of SRY gene. The percentage of total goat embryos obtained after in vitro fertilization by sperms selected using swim-up at centrifugation force of 200×g recorded 79.66 % male embryos while female embryos recorded only 20.33 %. At the end, the results showed the ability of selection male embryos in caprine by application of swim-up technique on epididymal spermatozoa with centrifugation at 200×g.

Prevalence of Common Thrombophilia and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Unexplained Infertility Women Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 628-628
Author(s):  
Arie Steinvil ◽  
Raanan Raz ◽  
Shlomo A. Berliner ◽  
David M Steinberg ◽  
David Zeltser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Unexplained Infertility ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Abstract 628 Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is extensively used as a tool for pregnancy achievement in subfertile couples. Congenital and acquired thrombophilia have been suggested by some investigators to play a role in abnormal embryos implantation and placentation. The objective of this study was to assess the role of common thrombophilia in women with unexplained infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). We enrolled five hundred ninety-four women from a large healthcare maintenance organization going through IVF and who had a thrombophilia workup, and compared them for prevalence of thrombophilia to two reference groups consisting of 637 fertile women from previous work and 17,337 women members of the same healthcare organization with no history of venous thromboembolisms. The mean age of the women at the first cycle of IVF was 30.9 years (SD: ±4.1).The mean number of IVF cycles was 7.3 (SD: 5.0), and the mean fertility success rate per woman was 14.6% (SD: 19.0). None of the common thrombophilia tested was found to be significantly associated with the number of IVF cycles or with lower fertility success rate. Rather, women who had APCR and/or factor V Leiden and lupus anticoagulant had significantly higher live birth rates (12.25% and 12.64%, respectively) in comparison to women who were tested negative (8.98% and 9.7%, respectively). Thus, hypercoagulability is not associated with failure to achieve pregnancy. These data suggest that neither screening for thrombophilia nor anticoagulant treatment is indicated in cases with unexplained reproductive failure. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Preferred problem solving and decision-making role in fertility treatment among women following an unsuccessful in vitro fertilization cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Hoi Yan Chan ◽  
Bobo Hi Po Lau ◽  
Michelle Yi Jun Tam ◽  
Ernest Hung Yu Ng
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Spousal Relationship ◽  
Treatment Decision Making

Abstract Background While the literature on healthcare decision-making has long focused on doctor-patient interaction, fertility treatment is an exception, characterized by a triangular interplay between the doctor, the woman and her partner. This study examined treatment decision-making preferences of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, following an unsuccessful IVF cycle, especially their preferred level of doctor and spousal involvement. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 246 Chinese women undergoing IVF recruited from an assisted reproduction clinic of a university-affiliated hospital in Hong Kong. Data collection was conducted between January 2014 and August 2015. Results Most participants preferred sharing the decision-making tasks with their doctors (92%). In the doctor-patient relationship, passive roles were associated with higher marital satisfaction, presence of religious affiliation and secondary infertility, while autonomous roles were related to female-factor infertility. Fifty-two percent of participants anticipated sharing decision-making, while 46% preferred handing over the decision to their husbands. Preference for a passive rather than a shared role in the spousal relationship was related to a higher husband’s age, greater marital satisfaction and higher anxiety. Conclusions In brief, women tended to prefer sharing decision-making tasks with their doctor as well as actively engaging their partner in making decisions about fertility treatment. This study adds to our understanding of women’s role preference and level of involvement in infertility treatment decision-making by providing quantitative evidence from women’s experience. It highlights the importance of healthcare professionals in facilitating shared decision-making among couples.

Guidelines for the Prevention of Multiple Pregnancy in Treatment by in Vitro Fertilization

1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Leroy ◽  
F. Puissant ◽  
P. Barlow ◽  
G. de Maertelaer
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Reliable Criterion ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Age

AbstractWithin the same in vitro fertilization (IVF) program, treatment trials leading to single and multiple ongoing gestation were compared. Rates of cesarean delivery, prematurity and perinatal mortality were found much higher among twin and multiple IVF pregnancies. Our work thus attempts at defining characteristics of proneness to multiple gestation in IVF treatment, in order to try and avoid its occurrence. The mean vitality score of embryos replaced is the most reliable criterion for this purpose, enabling one to replace no more than two embryos when the average score is high. Age of the patient and cause of infertility are almost nondiscriminant in this respect. Ovarian stimulation parameters such as total dosage of gonadotropin treatment and level of estrogenic response, as well as numbers of oocytes and embryos obtained, may serve as secondary criteria for assessing the twinning risk.

scholarly journals Effect of single dose follicle stimulating hormone on follicular aspiration, in vitro fertilization and pregnancy rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. e156894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Ellen Bardi de Moraes ◽  
Paulo Roberto Adona ◽  
Samuel Guemra ◽  
Tiago Henrique Camara De Bem ◽  
Moysés Dos Santos Miranda
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Follicular Aspiration ◽  
Oocyte Recovery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The present study evaluated Brangus cows treated with single doses of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) subjected to follicular aspiration after 24 h to assess oocyte recovery, in vitro fertilization and pregnancy rate. Follicles exceeding 3 millimeters in diameter were aspirated, 200 mg of FSH was administered 2 days later, and a new ovum pickup was performed 24 h afterward. These methods were performed 3 times every 3 days. In control, follicular aspirations occurred at intervals of 1-week without FSH administration o. The aspirated oocytes were evaluated, submitted to in vitro fertilization and the embryos were transferred to the recipients. The average recovery of oocytes was higher (p<0.05) in control cows (12.4±1.8) than in treated cows (9.4±1.3). There was no difference (p>0.05) in the mean percentage of viable oocytes (52.0±3.9 and 62.7±4.7%) or the mean percentage of embryos (41.4±4.8 and 41.5±4.2%) among control and treated cows, respectively. The mean percentage of pregnancy did not differ (p>0.05) for control cows (43.8±2.7%), and treated cows (40.9±6.8%). In conclusion, FSH treatment did not improve oocyte recovery, in vitro fertilization, and pregnancy percentage. However, there is possibility of several consecutive ovum pickup every t3 days, concentrating the in vitro fertilization and the pregnancy percentage.

scholarly journals A comparison of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer outcome by two types of soft embryo transfer catheters

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3678-3685
Author(s):  
Soghra Rabiei ◽  
Mahnaz Yavangi ◽  
Marzieh Farimani ◽  
Iraj Amiri ◽  
Mohamad Fallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Introduction: One of the remaining challenges in assisted reproductive procedures, especially in vitro fertilization (IVF), is proper embryo transfer. The aim of this clinical trial was to compare IVFembryo transfer outcome by two types of soft embryo transfer catheters in Hamadan Endometrics and Endometriosis Research Center (Iran). Methods: In this clinical trial study, 100 patients who were candidates for IVF were evaluated. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups (A=50 and B=50). The IVF was identical for both groups until the embryo transfer stage. For group A, soft catheter CH3 PM TRANS SET MINI was used and in group B, KITAZATO soft catheter was used for embryo transfer. All transfers were performed by one person. Patients were recruited using checklists, demographic information, infertility history, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG) serum levels at day 14 post-transfer, and pregnancy bag 28 days after transfer. The results were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and using descriptive statistics, chi-square and t-test. The significance level was < 0.05. Results: The mean age of group A and group B was 30.12 and 29.24 years, respectively (p=0.341). The mean duration of infertility in both groups was not statistically significant, and in groups A and B were 4.89 and 4 years, respectively. Ninety % of group A experienced their first IVF experience, while in group B it was slightly lower than 86%, which was not statistically significant. The mean number of eggs obtained in group A was 9.84 and in the group B was 9.88 (p=0.962). The mean number of embryos formed in group A was 6.24 and in group B was 5.72 (p=0.405). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in using of Tenaculum, the quality of transmission, and the contamination of the catheter head into the blood or mucus. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, the use of KITAZATO catheter compared to PM TRANS SET MINI CH3 catheter for fetal transfer in IVF patients showed no significant difference in pregnancy success rate. However, patients who received the KITAZATO catheter had a slightly higher chance of pregnancy that could be clinically valuable.  

scholarly journals EFFECT OF VAGINAL SILDENAFIL ON IN VITRO FERTILIZATION SUCCESS RATES IN WOMEN WITH PREVIOUS FAILED IN VITRO FERTILIZATION ATTEMPTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ensieh Shahrokh Tehraninejad ◽  
Noushin Khazei ◽  
Elnaz Ayati ◽  
Ali Movafegh ◽  
Omid Azimaraghi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Objectives: Endometrial thickness of <9 mm is a predictor of in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure, although neither pregnancy rates nor the pregnancy outcomes are dependent on the endometrial thickness alone. The impact that uterine artery blood flow has on endometrial growth is dependent on nitric oxide which concentrations could be altered by halting a cyclic guanosine monophosphate-mediated pathway with a phosphodiesterase type 5 selective inhibitor such as sildenafil.Methods: In this clinical trial, 72 patients aged below 45 years which have had at least two earlier failed IVF attempts were randomly split into two groups each consisting of 36 patients. Both groups were started on a long IVF protocol. The case group was also administered 100 mg vaginal sildenafil suppositories daily, starting on day 3 of menstruation which was continued until human chorionic gonadotropin administration. Endometrial thickness was measured using ultrasonography in both groups plus pregnancy rates were assessed in both groups.Results: The mean age of the patients in Group A who received sildenafil; in this clinical trial, 72 patients aged below 45 years which have had at least two previous failed IVF attempts were randomly split into two groups each consisting of 36 patients was 33.8±4.8 in contrast to Group B (control group) with the mean age of 33.8±4.8. Mean endometrial thickness of 8.6±0.1 mm was recorded in Group B compared to 9.0±0.7 mm in Group A (p=0.03). Of all the 36 participants who received sildenafil citrate during the IVF cycle, 12 (33.3%) patients had successful pregnancies while 24 (66.7%) failed to get pregnant. In the control group, out of the 36 participants, 10 (27.8%) patients got pregnant while 26 (72.2%) failed the cycle (p=0.9).Conclusion: This study showed that although using vaginal sildenafil during the IVF cycle does improve endometrial thickness before implantation, this does not necessarily lead to higher pregnancy rates.

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