Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking in Iran

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmadi Jamshid ◽  
Hosein Khalili ◽  
Reza Jooybar ◽  
Nooreddin Namazi ◽  
Pedram Mohammadagaei
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City

The current research assessed the prevalence of cigarette smoking in Shiraz, Iran by randomly selecting 1,335 subjects (782 men and 553 women) from the city for a face-to-face interview and completion of a questionnaire. Of the participants, 205 (26%) of the men and 20 (3.6%) of the women reported being current smokers. The mean ages of smokers and nonsmokers were 41.8 and 37.0 yr., respectively (range between 16 and 90 years for smokers and nonsmokers). The mean age of starting to smoke cigarettes was 21.3 yr. (range of 10 to 60). The most common reasons for current cigarette smoking were Need to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Release of tension, and Pleasurable purposes. Foreign filter-tipped cigarettes were the most common type consumed. The mean number of cigarettes per day was 13.4 ( SD = 10.3). Reports for onset of cigarette smoking included Modeling. Release of tension, and Pleasurable purposes. Cigarette smoking was reported by more males than females. The most common reason for onset of cigarette smoking was different from that for current smoking. Frequencies of smokers within age groups were varied.

Disparities in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among bisexual people: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055747
Author(s):  
Mostafa Shokoohi ◽  
Travis Salway ◽  
Benjamin Ahn ◽  
Lori E Ross
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Meta Regression

ObjectiveTo review the bisexual-specific prevalence and likelihood of cigarette smoking relative to lesbian/gay and heterosexual individuals.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Scopus and LGBT Life databases (from 1995 to September 2019) for studies reporting cigarette smoking among bisexuals versus their comparators.Study selectionObservational, quantitative, peer-reviewed studies providing estimates for lifetime, past 30 days or current cigarette smoking among bisexuals and any of the two comparators were selected.Data extractionData on sexual orientation groups, cigarette smoking, sample type and mechanism, data collection mode, country and median year, as well as gender and age groups were extracted.Data synthesisRandom-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled OR (95% CIs) of cigarette smoking. Meta-regression was used to examine the difference in the prevalence of cigarette smoking by study and sample characteristics. Of 4663 unduplicated records, 47 unique studies were included (14, 23 and 22 studies on lifetime, past 30 days and current cigarette smoking, respectively). Compared with lesbians/gays and heterosexuals, bisexuals were 1.25 (1.15 to 1.37) and 2.18 (1.84 to 2.59) times more likely to report lifetime smoking, 1.17 (1.08 to 1.27) and 2.49 (2.20 to 2.83) times more likely to report past 30 days smoking and 1.19 (1.00 to 1.43) and 2.26 (1.97 to 2.59) times more likely to report current smoking. Gender was a significant covariate in the meta-regression models.ConclusionsCigarette smoking was more prevalent among bisexuals than lesbians/gays and heterosexuals, with the estimates showing a greater magnitude among bisexual women relative to all other sexual orientation/gender subgroups.

scholarly journals Initial Smoking Experiences and Current Smoking Behaviors and Perceptions among Current Smokers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Klein ◽  
Claire E. Sterk ◽  
Kirk W. Elifson
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Smoking Onset ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Area Data

Purpose. We examine early-onset cigarette smoking and how, if at all, it is related to subsequent smoking practices.Methods. From 2004 to 2007, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 485 adult cigarette smokers residing in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Data analysis involved a multivariate analysis to determine whether age of smoking onset was related to current smoking practices when the effects of gender, age, race, marital/relationship status, income, and educational attainment were taken into account.Results. The mean age for smoking onset was 14.8, and more than one-half of all smokers had their first cigarette between the ages of 12 and 16. Most people reported an interval of less than one month between their first and second time using tobacco. Earlier onset cigarette smoking was related to more cigarette use and worse tobacco-related health outcomes in adulthood.Conclusions. Early prevention and intervention are needed to avoid early-onset smoking behaviors. Intervening after initial experimentation but before patterned smoking practices are established will be challenging, as the interval between initial and subsequent use tends to be short.

scholarly journals Adult Current Smoking: Differences in Definitions and Prevalence Estimates—NHIS and NSDUH, 2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Ryan ◽  
Angela Trosclair ◽  
Joe Gfroerer
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objectives. To compare prevalence estimates and assess issues related to the measurement of adult cigarette smoking in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).Methods. 2008 data on current cigarette smoking and current daily cigarette smoking among adults ≥18 years were compared. The standard NHIS current smoking definition, which screens for lifetime smoking ≥100 cigarettes, was used. For NSDUH, both the standard current smoking definition, which does not screen, and a modified definition applying the NHIS current smoking definition (i.e., with screen) were used.Results. NSDUH consistently yielded higher current cigarette smoking estimates than NHIS and lower daily smoking estimates. However, with use of the modified NSDUH current smoking definition, a notable number of subpopulation estimates became comparable between surveys. Younger adults and racial/ethnic minorities were most impacted by the lifetime smoking screen, with Hispanics being the most sensitive to differences in smoking variable definitions among all subgroups.Conclusions. Differences in current cigarette smoking definitions appear to have a greater impact on smoking estimates in some sub-populations than others. Survey mode differences may also limit intersurvey comparisons and trend analyses. Investigators are cautioned to use data most appropriate for their specific research questions.

scholarly journals Association of Cigarette Use and Substance Use Disorders among US Adults with and without a Recent Diagnosis of Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Streck ◽  
Maria A. Parker ◽  
Andrea H. Weinberger ◽  
Nancy A. Rigotti ◽  
Elyse R. Park
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Status Interaction

Background: Few studies have examined substance use disorders (SUDs) in cancer patients and it is unclear whether SUDs differentially impact cigarette smoking in patients with vs. without cancer. This study used epidemiological data to estimate current cigarette smoking prevalence and quit ratios among US adults with and without SUDs by cancer status. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2015–2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 170,111). Weighted current smoking prevalence and quit ratios were estimated across survey years by SUDs (with vs. without) and by cancer status (with vs. without). Results: Among those with cancer, current smoking prevalence was higher for those with vs. without SUDs (47% vs. 13%, p < 0.001) and quit ratios lower for those with vs. without SUDs (45% vs. 71%, p = 0.002). A similar pattern was observed in adults without cancer, with higher smoking prevalence (56% vs. 21%, p < 0.001) and lower quit ratios (23% vs. 51%, p < 0.001) observed for those with vs. without SUDs, respectively. In adjusted logistic regressions, the SUD × cancer status interaction was not significant for smoking prevalence or quit ratios (AOR = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.7, 2.1, p = 0.56; AOR = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.5, 2.0, p = 0.91, respectively), though smoking prevalence was lower and quit ratios higher for adults with vs. without cancer (ps < 0.05). Conclusions: Among US adults with and without cancer, individuals with SUDs evidenced higher cigarette smoking and lower quit ratios than those without SUDs. Addressing SUDs and their impact on smoking cessation is critical in cancer patients with implications for improving health and treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Initiation or cessation: what keeps the prevalence of smoking higher in Quebec than in the rest of Canada?

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 306-314
Author(s):  
Annie Pelekanakis ◽  
Jennifer L. O'Loughlin ◽  
Thierry Gagné ◽  
Cynthia Callard ◽  
Katherine L. Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Introduction We compared smoking initiation and cessation in Quebec versus the rest of Canada as possible underpinnings of the continued higher cigarette smoking prevalence in Quebec. Methods Data were drawn from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). We compared average and sex-stratified prevalence estimates of (1) current cigarette smoking in persons aged 15 years and older; (2) past-year initiation of cigarette smoking in those aged 12 to 17 and 18 to 24 years; and (3) past-year cessation in adults aged 25 years and older in Quebec versus the other nine Canadian provinces in each two-year CCHS cycle from 2007/08 to 2017/18. Results The prevalence of current smoking decreased from 25% to 18% among adults aged 15 years and older in Quebec from 2007/08 to 2017/18, and from 22% to 16% in the rest of Canada. Initiation among those aged 12 to 17 years decreased from 9% to 5% in Quebec, and from 7% to 3% in the rest of Canada. Neither initiation among people aged 18 to 24 (at 6% and 7%, respectively) nor cessation among adults aged 25 and older (approximately 8%) changed over time in Quebec or in the rest of Canada. In each two-year CCHS cycle, past-year initiation among those 12 to 17 years of age was consistently higher in Quebec than in the rest of Canada, but there were no substantial or sustained differences in initiation among people aged 18 to 24 or in past-year cessation. Findings were similar when stratified by sex. Conclusion Higher levels of smoking initiation among youth aged 12 to 17 years could be a proximal underpinning of the continuing higher prevalence of smoking in Quebec versus the rest of Canada.

scholarly journals How Does Acculturation Influence Smoking Behavior Among Latinos? The Role of Education and National Background

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Rodriquez ◽  
Alicia Fernández ◽  
Jennifer C. Livaudais-Toman ◽  
Eliseo J. Perez-Stable
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Acculturation Level ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: As Latinos acculturate, they are assumed to smoke at higher rates. This study investigated the relationship between acculturation level, educational attain­ment, and cigarette smoking by gender and national background among Latinos.Methods: Data from the 2009-2012 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed and participants included 1,111 Cubans, 813 Dominicans, 13,281 Mexi­cans, and 2,197 Puerto Ricans. Multivari­able logistic regression was used to model acculturation and educational predictors of current smoking, stratified by gender and national background. Acculturation level was categorized into less acculturated, bicultural, and more acculturated by com­bining birthplace and language preference. Current cigarette smoking was defined by self-reported use every day or some days among those who ever smoked at least 100 cigarettes.Results: Most respondents were inter­viewed in English (62%) and had a high school education or less (60%), but only 39% were US-born. Overall, 17.8% of men and 9.6% of women reported current smoking. By national background, smok­ing prevalence was highest among Puerto Ricans (16% of women and 23% of men) and lowest among Dominicans (6% of wom­en and 10% of men). More acculturated Mexican women and men had significantly higher odds of current smoking (OR=2.94; 95% CI=2.01, 4.31 and OR=1.88; 95% CI=1.39, 2.55; respectively). Mexican men who were more acculturated and had greater levels of educational attainment had lower odds of smoking (OR=.84; 95% CI=.74, .96).Conclusions: The relationship between acculturation and health behaviors among Latinos is influenced by education and should be considered by public health and clinician stakeholders when developing or adapting tobacco control strategies. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(2):227-238. doi:10.18865/ ed.29.2.227

Cigarette Smoking and Cutaneous Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Table 1.

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2691-2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRINA TURCHIN ◽  
SASHA BERNATSKY ◽  
ANN E. CLARKE ◽  
YVAN ST-PIERRE ◽  
CHRISTIAN A. PINEAU
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Active Lupus ◽  
Cutaneous Damage

Objective.To evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and cutaneous damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.Our study was performed in SLE clinic registry cohort patients, all of whom fulfilled revised American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE; patients are followed prospectively with annual assessments that include collection of demographic variables, smoking history, disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index version 2000, SLEDAI-2K), medications, and damage scores (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index). Cumulative cutaneous damage scores were used for the primary analyses. Logistic and logit regression models were performed to examine potential associations between current smoking and cutaneous damage, controlling for age, sex, race, lupus disease duration, antimalarial or immunosuppressant use, and anti-DNA and anti-SSA antibody status.Results.Of our sample (N = 276), 92% were women and 73.7% were Caucasian; the mean age was 45.1 years, mean disease duration 13.5 years, and 17.5% were current smokers. In the regression analyses, current cigarette smoking was associated with total cutaneous damage (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.10, 6.81) and with scarring (OR 4.70, 95 CI 1.04, 21.2). In additional analyses, current smoking was also associated with active lupus rash (OR 6.18, 95% CI 1.63, 23.3).Conclusions.Current cigarette smoking may be associated with cutaneous damage and active lupus rash in SLE, suggesting another reason to emphasize smoking cessation in patients with SLE.

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