The Five-Factor Model and Driving Behavior: Personality and Involvement in Vehicular Accidents

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas F. Cellar ◽  
Zachary C. Nelson ◽  
Candice M. Yorke
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Personality Measure ◽  
Future Directions

Participants completed both the NEO-PI–R personality measure and measures of prior involvement in driving accidents. Significant negative correlations were found between the factor of Agreeableness and the total number of driving tickets received as well as the sum of combined at-fault accidents, not-at-fault accidents, and driving tickets received by participants. Implications and potential future directions for research are discussed.

Behavior and Molecular Genetics of the Five Factor Model

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber M. Jarnecke ◽  
Susan C. South
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Behavior Genetics ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Related Personality

Behavior and molecular genetics informs knowledge of the etiology, structure, and development of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality. Behavior genetics uses quantitative modeling to parse the relative influence of nature and nurture on phenotypes that vary within the population. Behavior genetics research on the FFM has demonstrated that each domain has a heritability (proportion of variation due to genetic influences) of 40–50%. Molecular genetic methods attempt to identify specific genetic mechanisms associated with personality variation. To date, findings from molecular genetics are tentative, with significant results failing to replicate and accounting for only a small percentage of the variance. However, newer techniques hold promise for finding the “missing heritability” of FFM and related personality domains. This chapter presents an overview of commonly used behavior and molecular genetic techniques, reviews the work that has been done on the FFM domains and facets, and offers a perspective for future directions.

scholarly journals Using the 16PF to Test the Differentiation of Personality by Intelligence Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Aitken Schermer ◽  
Georg Krammer ◽  
Richard D. Goffin ◽  
Michael D. Biderman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Personality Measure ◽  
G Factor ◽  
Configural Invariance ◽  
Job Candidates

The differentiation of personality by intelligence hypothesis suggests that there will be greater individual differences in personality traits for those individuals who are more intelligent. Conversely, less intelligent individuals will be more similar to each other in their personality traits. The hypothesis was tested with a large sample of managerial job candidates who completed an omnibus personality measure with 16 scales and five intelligence measures (used to generate an intelligence g-factor). Based on the g-factor composite, the sample was split using the median to conduct factor analyses within each half. A five-factor model was tested for both the lower and higher intelligence halves and were found to have configural invariance but not metric or scalar invariance. In general, the results provide little support for the differentiation hypothesis as there was no clear and consistent pattern of lower inter-scale correlations for the more intelligent individuals.

scholarly journals Ratings of dimensional traits in clinical practice: Comparing therapist and client perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Balling ◽  
Sean Patrick Lane ◽  
Douglas Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Structural Validity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Rating Form

Research has repeatedly evidenced the structural validity of the Five Factor Model (FFM), but questions remain about the use of its dimensions in clinical practice. Samuel and colleagues (2018) found therapists reported their clients had lower levels of personality pathology compared to clients’ own self-reports when using the unipolar PID-5 scale. The present study utilized the same sample of 54 client-therapist dyads to examine their use of the bipolar FFM Rating Form (FFMRF). When comparing the clinical ratings to expertly-rated healthy profile ratings, clients rated themselves as more aligned with healthy than their therapists rated them. Alternatively, clients were up to 3.6 times more likely to use the extreme (i.e. theoretically pathological) ratings of the FFMRF compared to their therapists. These results suggest that therapists and clients use these measures quite differently, and we cannot firmly conclude which source reports more pathology. Theoretical explanations, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

Discrepancies in Self- and Informant-Reports of Personality Pathology: Examining the DSM-5 Section III Trait Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Carnovale ◽  
Erika Carlson ◽  
Lena C. Quilty ◽  
Michael Bagby
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Potential Approach ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Severity Scores

A proposed feature of personality pathology involves disturbances in identity, of which a lack of insight is one such manifestation. From recommendations in the literature, one potential approach to assess and quantify such impairment and link it to personality pathology, would be to obtain self- and informant reports and subsequently index the degree personality pathology severity exacerbates self-other discrepancies. The current study examines the degree to which self- and informant-reports of DSM-5 Section III trait scores are discrepant (i.e., mean-level discrepancies and correlational accuracy), as well as whether general personality pathology severity moderates these characteristics. Target participants (N = 208) in an elevated-risk community sample completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), and knowledgeable informants rated targets using the informant version of the PID-5. General personality pathology severity was assessed via an aggregate of Five Factor Model PD prototype scores derived from self-report, informant-report, and interview ratings. Mean-level discrepancies and correlational accuracy (and their moderation by general personality pathology) for PID-5 domains, facets, and PD scores were subsequently examined. Results suggested that targets tended to mostly rate themselves only slightly lower than informants across all PID-5 scores (median dz = .21), and correlational accuracy across all PID-5 scores was moderate (median r = .33). Importantly, however, mean-level discrepancies increased as general personality pathology severity scores increased. Implications and future directions for the multi-method assessment of dimensional personality pathology are discussed.

scholarly journals Personality differences in treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking individuals with self-reported anorexia

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley N. Bridges ◽  
Katy A. Wormley ◽  
Isabel W. Leavitt ◽  
David M. McCord
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personality Measure ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Online Sources

Abstract Research on anorexia has tended to focus on individuals who are seeking treatment, leading to treatment models that are based on individuals already receiving help. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore personality differences between individuals seeking treatment and those not seeking treatment for anorexia. Participants were 148 women recruited from three online sources. They completed a personality measure derived from the five-factor model and the Eating Attitudes Test-26. Results indicated that individuals with anorexia who were not seeking treatment scored lower on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness than both individuals seeking treatment and a control group. Also, individuals with anorexia in general tended to score lower on Extraversion and higher on Neuroticism than individuals in a control group. These results suggest that being open about treatment options, increasing successes, motivation, and organization, and highlighting the seriousness of anorexia could be beneficial in getting individuals with anorexia to seek and continue in treatment.

scholarly journals The Tangled Webs We Wreak: Examining the Structure of Aggressive Personality Using Psychometric Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel James West ◽  
David Chester
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Order Component ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Trait Aggression ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Aggressive Personality

Trait aggression is a prominent construct in the psychological literature, yet little work has sought to situate trait aggression among broader frameworks of personality. Initial evidence suggests that trait aggression may be best couched within the nomological network of the Five Factor Model (FFM). The current work sought to locate the most appropriate home for trait aggression among the FFM. We applied a preregistered regimen of psychometric network analyses to three datasets (combined N = 2,927) that contained self-reports of trait aggression and the FFM traits. Trait aggression was highly central in the factor-level networks, which contained associations consistent with the conceptualization of this construct as a lower-order component of low agreeableness. The facet-level networks revealed that the behavioral facets of trait aggression reflected low agreeableness, but that the anger and hostility facets reflected high neuroticism. The item-level network suggested that the intent to initiate aggressive encounters was the primary bridge that empirically linked trait aggression to agreeableness. Our results indicate that trait aggression is primarily a lower-order facet of agreeableness, advance our understanding of trait aggression, integrate it with broader frameworks of personality, and suggest future directions to refine this complex dispositional tendency.

scholarly journals Behavior Genetics Research on Personality: Moving Beyond Traits to Examine Characteristic Adaptations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Linh Le Nguyen ◽  
Moin Syed ◽  
Matt McGue
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Behavior Genetics ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Shared Environmental Effect ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Model Characteristic

This paper argues that behavior genetics research on personality should expand beyond universal traits to include characteristic adaptations. Trait research examines broad, decontextualized, and universal domains such as the Five Factor Model. Characteristic adaptations are more contextualized than traits, such as goals and life strategies as responses to specific life demands. The paper is organized into three sections: (1) a review of the abundance of behavior genetics research on personality traits, which has reached a convergent point at which few further findings are reported beyond the classic distribution of high genetic and non- shared environmental influences with little to no shared environmental effect; (2) a review of existing behavior genetics research on characteristic adaptations that, although limited in volume, has demonstrated patterns far less consistent than traits; and (3) a discussion on future directions and important limitations to consider in conducting and interpreting behavior genetics research on non-trait personality. The connection between characteristic adaptations and contextualized life outcomes, the preponderance of homogenous findings on traits, and the sparse yet promising findings of characteristic adaptations, all support the need for behavior genetics research on personality to expand beyond the broad trait level to characteristic adaptations and beyond.

scholarly journals A Five Factor Model of Perseverative Thought

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren S. Hallion ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Jutta Joormann ◽  
Susan N. Kusmierski ◽  
Marc N Coutanche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Replication Sample ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Multilevel Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Five Dimension

Background: Like diagnostic status, clinically-relevant thought remains overwhelmingly conceptualized in terms of discrete categories (e.g., worry; rumination; obsessions). However, definitions can vary widely. The area of perseverative thought (or clinically-relevant thought more broadly) would benefit substantially from a consensus-based, empirically-grounded taxonomy similar to the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP; Kotov et al., 2017) or the “Big Five” for personality. This paper addresses three major barriers to establishing such a taxonomy: 1) a lack of research explicitly comparing categorical (subtype) versus dimensional models; 2) primary reliance on between-person measures rather than modeling at the level of the thought (within-person); 3) insufficient emphasis on replication and refinement.Methods: Participants included an unselected crowdsourced sample (790 observations from 286 participants) and an independent anxious-depressed replication sample (808 observations from 277 participants). Participants made dimensional ratings for three idiographic clinically-relevant thoughts on a range of features. Multilevel latent class analysis and multilevel exploratory factor analysis were applied to identify and extract natural patterns of covariation among features at the level of the thought, controlling for person-level tendencies. Results: A consistent five-dimension solution emerged across both samples and reliably outperformed the best-fitting categorical solution in terms of fit, replicability, and explanatory power. Identified dimensions were dyscontrol, self-focus, valence, interpersonal, and uncertainty.Conclusions: Findings support a five-factor latent structure of PT. Theoretical, empirical, and clinical implications and future directions are discussed.

Social Desirability in Personality Inventories

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bäckström ◽  
Fredrik Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Personality Inventories ◽  
Model Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Variables

The difference between evaluatively loaded and evaluatively neutralized five-factor inventory items was used to create new variables, one for each factor in the five-factor model. Study 1 showed that these variables can be represented in terms of a general evaluative factor which is related to social desirability measures and indicated that the factor may equally well be represented as separate from the Big Five as superordinate to them. Study 2 revealed an evaluative factor in self-ratings and peer ratings of the Big Five, but the evaluative factor in self-reports did not correlate with such a factor in ratings by peers. In Study 3 the evaluative factor contributed above the Big Five in predicting work performance, indicating a substance component. The results are discussed in relation to measurement issues and self-serving biases.

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