Age and Sex Differences in Health Beliefs and Behaviours

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Bruce Kirkcaldy
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
General Health ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
Health Awareness ◽  
Age And Sex

200 adults completed various questionnaires about their general health awareness, health locus of control, and the perceived causes of illness. Whereas there were fewer age differences than expected, a number of consistent sex differences appeared. For example, the women relied less on “provider control” of health (doctors being in charge), expressed greater “nutritional consciousness,” and believed more than men that psychological factors play an important part in the aetiology of illness.

Colorectal Cancer Screening, Intentions, and Predictors in Jewish and Arab Israelis: A Population-Based Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Azaiza ◽  
Miri Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Screening Performance ◽  
Screening Intentions ◽  
Lower Severity ◽  
Screening Intention

Random samples of 358 Jews and 162 Arabs in Israel aged 50 to 75 were compared by telephone survey for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening performance and intentions. Participants completed questionnaires on CRC screening, health beliefs, health locus of control, and CRC worries; rate of CRC screening and intention to be screened proved lower among Arabs. They received fewer recommendations from physicians, perceived lower severity of CRC and lower benefits of early detection of CRC, and had lower cancer worries, lower internal health locus of control, and higher external health locus of control. Jewish/Arab ethnicity predicted ever undergoing screening and screening intention before cognitive perceptions and worries were entered. After that, perceiving higher susceptibility and more benefits to screening, and having lower external health locus of control predicted CRC screening and screening intention, which was associated with higher cancer worries. Programs should be tailored to address ethnic groups' different health beliefs.

Race and Sex Differences in Health Locus of Control Beliefs and Cardiovascular Reactivity

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn K. Wilson ◽  
Zondrah L. Williams ◽  
Kristopher Arheart ◽  
Elaine S. Bryant ◽  
Bruce S. Alpert
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
Control Beliefs

scholarly journals Sex Differences and Psychological Factors Associated with General Health Examinations Participation: Results from a Vietnamese Cross-Section Dataset

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-Hoang Vuong ◽  
Kien-Cuong Nghiem ◽  
Viet-Phuong La ◽  
Thu-Trang Vuong ◽  
Hong-Kong Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
General Health ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Doctor Visit ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Baseline Category

This study focuses on the association of sex differences and psychological factors with periodic general health examination (GHE) behaviors. We conducted a survey in Hanoi and the surrounding areas, collecting 2068 valid observations; the cross-section dataset was then analyzed using the baseline category logit model. The study shows that most people are afraid of discovering diseases through general health examinations (76.64%), and the fear of illness detection appears to be stronger for females than for males (β1(male) = −0.409, p < 0.001). People whose friends/relatives have experienced prolonged treatment tend to show more hesitation in participating in physical check-ups (β2 = 0.221, p < 0.05). On the ideal frequency of GHEs, 90% of the participants agree on once or twice a year. The probability of considering a certain period of time as an appropriate frequency for GHEs changes in accordance with the last doctor visit (low probability of a health examination every 18 months) and one’s fear of potential health problems post-checkup (no fear raises probability of viewing a health examination every 6 months by 9–13 percentage points). The results add to the literature on periodic GHE in particular and on preventive health behaviors in general.

Les modifications de la métamémoire reliées au vieillissement: Nouvelle évidence auprès d'un échantillon francophone

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Baillargeon ◽  
Sylvie Neault
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
French Version ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a French adaptation of the Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) instrument. The purpose of the study was to assess the psychometric qualities of the French version and to test its validity by replicating age and sex differences in a large sample of French speaking adults. The MIA was administered to 120 males and 185 females, aged between 18 and 95. The initial factor structure of the MIA was replicated and the eight metamemory dimensions were identified, although there was some overlap between the dimensions. The internal consistency of the scales was assessed by computing Cronbach's alpha coefficients; seven of the eight scales were found to be reliable. The intercorrelations between the dimensions were also examined and revealed that each scale is tapping a specific aspect of metamemory. Finally, the analyses of variance confirmed the existence of significant age differences on five scales of the MIA and sex differences on three dimensions.

Life-Span Differences in Life Satisfaction, Self-Concept, and Locus of Control

1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Morganti ◽  
Milton F. Nehrke ◽  
Irene M. Hulicka ◽  
Jerry F. Cataldo
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Age And Sex

The literature on age differences in life satisfaction, self-concept, and locus of control reveals a variety of conflicting findings. Nehrke et al. reported a study of elderly institutionalized males that attempted to control for some of the possible sources of variability [1]. The present study extended this effort to a noninstitutionalized life-span sample of males and females in six age groups (fourteen to ninety-four). The age main effect was significant for the locus of control measure. For self-concept, the age and sex main effects were significant. For life satisfaction, the age and sex main effects and their interaction were significant. Generally, lower levels of self-concept and life satisfaction and a more external orientation characterized adolescents and young adults while, with notable exceptions, the remaining age samples were more positive in self-concept and life satisfaction and were more internally controlled. Although the three dependent measures were significantly correlated for the total sample, the correlations involving locus of control were only moderate. The data suggest that at least the life satisfaction and self-concept measures may be viable tools to assess the psychological quality of one's life, and that reliable age differences in well-being can be demonstrated if moderating variables are controlled experimentally or statistically.

Anxiety, Depression and Health Beliefs in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Karamanidou ◽  
P. Theofilou ◽  
M. Ginieri-Coccossis ◽  
C. Synodinou ◽  
G. Papadimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Health locus of control (HLOC) constitutes an important psychological domain of interest to the manifestation and course of disease. Research has shown that health locus of control beliefs can be predictive of anxiety and depression and could therefore act as a good determinant of psychological adjustment for patients with chronic conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between locus of control health beliefs with depression and anxiety in end stage renal disease patients. Also, to explore whether these beliefs can indeed predict patients’ psychological adjustment. 144 adult patients undergoing haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis participated in this cross-sectional prospective study. Sociodemographic and medical characteristics were recorded and the following structured questionnaires were administered: the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) (Wallston et al, 1994), the Centre of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) (Fountoulakis et al, 2001), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 2 (STAI 2) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) (Garyfallos et al, 1991). ANOVA analysis was performed to examine whether patients’ MHLC scores correlated with CES-D, STAI 2 and GHQ scores and regression analysis was performed to determine the degree to which health locus of control beliefs can predict depression and anxiety. Results revealed significant relationships between health locus of control beliefs and anxiety, depression thus demonstrating the role health beliefs can play in patients’ psychological adjustment with important implications for clinical practice.

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