Investigating the Impact of Deconditioning Anxiety on Weight Loss

1990 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Nagler ◽  
Anne Androff
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Progressive Relaxation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experience Difficulty

The effectiveness of a new model for the treatment of obesity was studied. This model assumed that obesity was not an eating disorder but a “not eating” disorder. Obese individuals do not have a problem eating, they are overly good at it. Obese individuals have a problem not eating. They experience difficulty or anxiety when they do not eat. The model assumed that removal of anxiety associated with “not eating” would allow obese subjects to lose weight. Wolpe and Lazarus' progressive relaxation techniques were used to decondition anxiety assumed associated with “not eating” in subjects. Inferred anxiety was deconditioned under conditions of “not eating” when imagining hunger, emotions, and cravings. Twenty-five subjects were instructed not to follow a diet after deconditioning but to eat less and be hungry to lose weight. A control group of 10 was instructed to follow a balanced 1000-calorie diet to lose weight. The former group lost a statistically significant amount of weight (7.5% of their body weight) over 11.9 months, while the control group subjects gained 6.5% of their weight. The model appears to be effective for the treatment of some individuals who wish to lose weight, based upon this preliminary study. Replication with other and larger groups is essential.

Resistant Starch Supplementation Improves Bifidobacteria Colonization and Lipid Profile in Adult Obese Subjects Residing in Urban Vadodara

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Mini Sheth ◽  
Aanchal Johari ◽  
Isha Shah
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Obesity continues to be a growing problem globally among all age groups, further associated with life threatening co-morbidities. Resistant Starch (RS) as a dietary component has been recently recognized as a prebiotic with potential role in improving the bacterial ecology of human gut. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of resistant starch supplementation by the obese adults in urban Vadodara on microbial changes in gut flora with respect to Bifidobacteria and Enterobacteria. Using a non randomised control trial study design, 60 obese adults were enrolled from the free living population of urban Vadodara. Baseline information was collected and subjects were classified into control (n=30) and experimental group (n=30). Experimental group was supplemented with 10 g of RS daily for the period of two months (60 days). The control group were not given anything during this period. Blood and stool samples were analysed for lipid profile and the presence of Bifidobacteria and pathogenic Enterobacteria, respectively both at baseline and after the intervention period. Results revealed a significant increase in the mean log counts of Bifidobacteria by 11.7% with no significant reduction in the mean log counts of enteric pathogens and lipid profile of subjects. Hence study concludes that a daily supplementation of 10 grams of RS for 60 days to the obese subjects improved colonization of beneficial gut microbiota in terms of Bifidobacteria, but had little effect on obesity.

scholarly journals Importancia de la aplicación de técnicas de relajación en el aula de educación física (Importance of the relaxation techniques application in the physical education classroom)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 405-415
Author(s):  
Sara Bellver-Pérez ◽  
Cristina Menescardi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Classroom Climate ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Progressive Relaxation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Educational Task

  Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los beneficios a nivel personal y escolar tras un programa de técnicas de relajación en el aula de Educación Física (EF). Un total de 177 estudiantes de tercero y cuarto de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria participaron en el estudio, divididos en grupo control (n = 87) y experimental (n = 90). Estos últimos realizaron una intervención didáctica relajatoria de 10 sesiones dentro del centro (en EF) y 10 retos extraescolares donde se abordaron diversos métodos (i.e., masaje, relajación progresiva de Jacobson, yoga, entrenamiento autógeno de Schultz y mindfulness). De acuerdo con el objetivo de estudio, antes y después de la realización de la intervención, el alumnado completó el Cuestionario de Hábitos de Relajación-Mindfulness para conocer los hábitos del alumnado que influyen en su competencia relajatoria, la Escala de Relajación Escolar para conocer su nivel de competencia relajatoria y un Cuestionario de evaluación del programa. Además, se entrevistó a dos profesores para conocer su opinión sobre la aplicación del programa. Los resultados mostraron que la intervención produjo mejoras notables en los hábitos de los y las estudiantes, así como un bienestar psicofísico y conductual que influye directamente en el clima de aula y en el rendimiento académico. Se concluye que la aplicación de estrategias diversas de esta disciplina resulta importante durante la tarea educativa. Abstract: This research aims to analyze the personal and scholar-level benefits of a program of relaxation techniques in Physical Education (PE) lessons. A total of 177 students of the third and fourth grade of Secondary Education participated in the current study. Participants were divided into control group (n = 87) and experimental group (n = 90) with whom a relaxing educational intervention was carried out during 10 PE lessons and 10 outside school activities consisting of various methods (i.e., massage, Jacobson's progressive relaxation, yoga, Schultz's autogenic training and mindfulness). According to the study aim, before and after carrying out the intervention, the students completed the Mindfulness-Relaxation Habits Questionnaire to know the habits of the students that influence their relaxation competence, the School Relaxation Scale to know their level of relaxation competence and a program evaluation questionnaire. In addition, two teachers were interviewed to find out their opinion on the application of this program. The results showed the intervention program produced notable improvements in the students' habits, as well as a psychophysical and behavioral well-being that directly influences the classroom climate and academic performance. It is concluded that the application of diverse strategies of this discipline is important during the educational task.

scholarly journals Salivary α-amylase copy number is not associated with weight trajectories and glycemic improvements following clinical weight loss: results from a 2-phase dietary intervention study

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand Valsesia ◽  
Sameer S Kulkarni ◽  
Julien Marquis ◽  
Patricia Leone ◽  
Polina Mironova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Glycemic Outcomes ◽  
Weight Trajectories ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background Several studies recently reported contradicting results regarding the link between amylase 1 (AMY1) copy numbers (CNs), obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of AMY1 CN on anthropometrics and glycemic outcomes in obese individuals following a 2-phase dietary weight loss intervention. Methods Using the paralog ratio test, AMY1 CNs were accurately measured in 761 obese individuals from the DiOGenes study. Subjects first underwent an 8-wk low-calorie diet (LCD, at 800 kcal/d) and then were randomly assigned to a 6-mo weight maintenance dietary (WMD) intervention with arms having different glycemic loads. Results At baseline, a modest association between AMY1 CN and BMI (P = 0.04) was observed. AMY1 CN was not associated with baseline glycemic variables. In addition, AMY1 CN was not associated with anthropometric or glycemic outcomes following either LCD or WMD. Interaction analyses between AMY1 CN and nutrient intake did not reveal any significant association with clinical parameters (at baseline and following LCD or WMD) or when testing gene × WMD interactions during the WMD phase. Conclusion In the absence of association with weight trajectories or glycemic improvements, the AMY1 CN cannot be considered as an important biomarker for response to a clinical weight loss and weight maintenance programs in overweight/obese subjects. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00390637.

scholarly journals Targeting the Endocannabinoid CB1 Receptor to Treat Body Weight Disorders: A Preclinical and Clinical Review of the Therapeutic Potential of Past and Present CB1 Drugs

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Murphy ◽  
Bernard Le Foll
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cb1 Receptor ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Psychiatric Side Effects ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
The Impact

Obesity rates are increasing worldwide and there is a need for novel therapeutic treatment options. The endocannabinoid system has been linked to homeostatic processes, including metabolism, food intake, and the regulation of body weight. Rimonabant, an inverse agonist for the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, was effective at producing weight loss in obese subjects. However, due to adverse psychiatric side effects, rimonabant was removed from the market. More recently, we reported an inverse relationship between cannabis use and BMI, which has now been duplicated by several groups. As those results may appear contradictory, we review here preclinical and clinical studies that have studied the impact on body weight of various cannabinoid CB1 drugs. Notably, we will review the impact of CB1 inverse agonists, agonists, partial agonists, and neutral antagonists. Those findings clearly point out the cannabinoid CB1 as a potential effective target for the treatment of obesity. Recent preclinical studies suggest that ligands targeting the CB1 may retain the therapeutic potential of rimonabant without the negative side effect profile. Such approaches should be tested in clinical trials for validation.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota of obese subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome is linked to metabolic health

Gut ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1229-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M Olsson ◽  
Christine Poitou ◽  
Valentina Tremaroli ◽  
Muriel Coupaye ◽  
Judith Aron-Wisnewsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThe gut microbiota has been implicated in the aetiology of obesity and associated comorbidities. Patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are obese but partly protected against insulin resistance. We hypothesised that the gut microbiota of PWS patients differs from that of non-genetically obese controls and correlate to metabolic health. Therefore, here we used PWS as a model to study the role of gut microbiota in the prevention of metabolic complications linked to obesity.DesignWe conducted a case-control study with 17 adult PWS patients and 17 obese subjects matched for body fat mass index, gender and age. The subjects were metabolically characterised and faecal microbiota was profiled by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The patients’ parents were used as a non-obese control group. Stool samples from two PWS patients and two obese controls were used for faecal microbiota transplantations in germ-free mice to examine the impact of the microbiota on glucose metabolism.ResultsThe composition of the faecal microbiota in patients with PWS differed from that of obese controls, and was characterised by higher phylogenetic diversity and increased abundance of several taxa such as Akkermansia, Desulfovibrio and Archaea, and decreased abundance of Dorea. Microbial taxa prevalent in the PWS microbiota were associated with markers of insulin sensitivity. Improved insulin resistance of PWS was partly transmitted by faecal microbiota transplantations into germ-free mice.ConclusionThe gut microbiota of PWS patients is similar to that of their non-obese parents and might play a role for the protection of PWS patients from metabolic complications.

Abstract P018: Lifestyle Interventions that Benefit the Heart Also Improve Depression Among Geriatrics

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco E Ramirez ◽  
Neil Nedley
Keyword(s):  
Severe Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Plant-based nutrition, exercise, proper rest, relaxation techniques and other healthy behaviors can be beneficial to the cardiovascular system. We assess the impact that this healthy behaviors have before and after an 8-week educational community-based program. Participants and Methods: The program was developed by the Nedley Clinic in Ardmore, Oklahoma, USA. This medical clinic trained and certified lay and professional people around the world in 4 continents. The program does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Recruitment is done by, for example radio, TV, handouts, newspaper and word of mouth. Those who chose to participate met once a week for 8 weeks for a 2 hour program, it consisted of a 45 minute DVD presentation by a physician experienced in lifestyle interventions and a facilitated small group discussion together with weekly practical assignments. The program was available in Spanish and English. The Nedley Depression Recovery Program Assessment Test (registration TX 7-398-022) was used. It assessed depression level based on DSM-5 [The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Volume 5] criteria, demographics, anxiety, emotional intelligence and patient history. The depression was classified into 4 categories as the DSM-5, as none (0-6), mild (7-10), moderate (11-19) or severe (20 or more). Participants that finished the program from 2007 to 2016 that were of geriatric age (55 years old and older at baseline) were included. Both depressed and non-depressed participated on the program. Results: From 5997 participants that finished the program n=2928 were geriatrics. Mean age 64.7 SD 7.2, n=2075 (70.8%) were females. Demographic were White 2598 (88.7%), Black 107 (3.6%), Hispanic 144 (4.9%) and other (2.8%). Participants were from Africa, Europe, Oceania and America. At baseline mean group depression was 11.2 (Moderate), SD 7.3. That group was composed of 960 (32.7%) with none depression, 474 (16.1%) with mild depression, 981 (33.5%) with moderate depression and 513 (17.5%) with severe depression. By the end of the 8-weeks mean depression was 6 (none), SD 5.7. That group was composed of 1854 (69.3%) with none depression, 476 (16.2%) with mild depression, 506 (17.2%) with moderate depression and 92 (3.1%) with severe depression. Conclusion: It seems that the intervention effectively improves mental health in this geriatric population with different levels of depression responding well to the program. This seems to be an effective way to apply community wide interventions to improve population-wide health. A control group and further follow up would be recommended.

scholarly journals Progressive Relaxation Training in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy-Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMUT BAHÇACI ◽  
Songül Atasavun Uysal ◽  
Zeynep Erdoğan İyigün ◽  
Çetin Ordu ◽  
Gürsel Remzi Soybir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Progressive Relaxation ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Aromatase inhibitors (AI) have positive effects on disease-free life in patients with Breast Cancer (BC); on the other hand, their side effects especially arthralgia can be observed in many of patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Progressive Relaxation Exercises (PRE) on the common side effects of AI in patients with BC. Methods A total of 44 patients receiving AI were allocated to the study and control groups in this randomized controlled, single-blind trial. The study group (n=22) performed a combined (one-day supervised, and 3 days home-based) PRE program 4 days/week, for six weeks. The control group (n=22) was given advice about relaxation in daily life. Data was collected initially and after 6 weeks of the intervention. Pain, quality of life (QoL) and emotional status (ES) were assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACT) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scales, respectively. Results Pain was significantly reduced within the study group in Pain Severity (p=0.001) and Pain Interference (p=0.01) sub-scores. Pain was also reduced between the groups as compared using the Pain Severity (p=0.00) and Patient Pain Experience (p=0.003) sub-scores; QoL and ES remained with no significant difference either within the groups or between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion The results of this study showed that PRE significantly decreased pain scores in BC patients receiving AI. Although the reduction in pain is a valuable data even in the 6-week period in those cases, the long-term effects of relaxation techniques need to be followed.

Information and Communication Technology and Cultural Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hansen ◽  
Tom Postmes ◽  
Nikita van der Vinne ◽  
Wendy van Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ict For Development ◽  
Practical Implications

This paper studies whether and how information and communication technology (ICT) changes self-construal and cultural values in a developing country. Ethiopian children were given laptops in the context of an ICT for development scheme. We compared children who used laptops (n = 69) with a control group without laptops (n = 76) and a second control group of children whose laptop had broken down (n = 24). Results confirmed that after 1 year of laptop usage, the children’s self-concept had become more independent and children endorsed individualist values more strongly. Interestingly, the impact of laptop usage on cultural values was mediated by self-construal (moderated mediation). Importantly, modernization did not “crowd out” traditional culture: ICT usage was not associated with a reduction in traditional expressions (interdependent self-construal, collectivist values). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

Impact of an educative program on dialysis patients’ knowledge and mental health: controlled before and after program

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 20204
Author(s):  
Laetitia Idier ◽  
Aurélie Untas ◽  
Nicole Rascle ◽  
Michèle Koleck ◽  
Maider Aguirrezabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Emotional Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction:Psychological impact of Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) for dialysis patients is rarely evaluated since the focus of many studies is on medical variables (i.e., adherence).Objectives:The aims of this study were: 1) to estimate the impact of a TPE program on knowledge, depression and anxiety, 2) to examine change in knowledge as a mediator of the effects of a TPE program on mental health.Method:This study was conducted in three hemodialysis units and comprised two groups: an experimental group with education and a control group with routine care. The program was based of 5 educative sessions. Knowledge, depressive and anxious symptoms were assessed with self-reported outcomes measured before and 3 months after the program.Results:The sample comprised 125 patients. Knowledge about vascular access and nutrition (p < 0.01) and depressive symptoms increased in the experimental group (p < 0.01). Analysis of mediation showed that changes in knowledge about vascular access were a significant mediator of the effects of the program on depressive symptoms (F = 4.90;p = 0.01).Discussion:Knowledge acquired during an educational program could lead to an emotional change. Improving knowledge often leads to an awareness of the risks that can modify the psychological state of patients by reminding them of their vulnerability. This study shows that it is required to be attentive to the way of transmitting knowledge. It’s necessary adapting this transmission to the needs of patients and promoting the acquisition of psychosocial competence too.Conclusion:This study shows that knowledge acquired during an educational program can lead to an emotional change in the short term. A long-term follow-up of the population should be interesting to observe these emotional effects.

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